Retinoid X receptor beta explained

Retinoid X receptor beta (RXR-beta), also known as NR2B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRB gene.^[1]

This gene encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the effects of retinoic acid (RA). This receptor forms heterodimers with the retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors, increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. The gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6. An alternatively spliced transcript variant has been described, but its full length sequence has not been determined.^[2]

See also

• Retinoid X receptor

Further reading

• Szanto A, Narkar V, Shen Q, Uray IP, Davies PJ, Nagy L . Retinoid X receptors: X-ploring their (patho)physiological functions . Cell Death and Differentiation . 11 . S126–43 . Dec 2004 . Suppl 2 . 15608692 . 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401533 . free .
• Leid M, Kastner P, Lyons R, Nakshatri H, Saunders M, Zacharewski T, Chen JY, Staub A, Garnier JM, Mader S . Purification, cloning, and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently . Cell . 68 . 2 . 377–95 . Jan 1992 . 1310259 . 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90478-U . 40617478 .
• Fleischhauer K, Park JH, DiSanto JP, Marks M, Ozato K, Yang SY . Isolation of a full-length cDNA clone encoding a N-terminally variant form of the human retinoid X receptor beta . Nucleic Acids Research . 20 . 7 . 1801 . Apr 1992 . 1315958 . 312273 . 10.1093/nar/20.7.1801 .
• Berrodin TJ, Marks MS, Ozato K, Linney E, Lazar MA . Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein . Molecular Endocrinology . 6 . 9 . 1468–78 . Sep 1992 . 10.1210/mend.6.9.1331778 . 1331778 . 24291055 . free .
• Epplen C, Epplen JT . The human cDNA sequence homologous to the mouse MHC class I promoter-binding protein gene contains four additional codons in lymphocytes . Mammalian Genome . 3 . 8 . 472–5 . 1992 . 1514958 . 10.1007/BF00356161 . 1278904 .
• Yu VC, Delsert C, Andersen B, Holloway JM, Devary OV, Näär AM, Kim SY, Boutin JM, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG . RXR beta: a coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements . Cell . 67 . 6 . 1251–66 . Dec 1991 . 1662118 . 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90301-E . 10354699 .
• Ming-Jer Tsai . Oñate SA, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW . Sequence and characterization of a coactivator for the steroid hormone receptor superfamily . Science . 270 . 5240 . 1354–7 . Nov 1995 . 7481822 . 10.1126/science.270.5240.1354 . 1995Sci...270.1354O . 28749162 .
• Kooistra T, Lansink M, Arts J, Sitter T, Toet K . Involvement of retinoic acid receptor alpha in the stimulation of tissue-type plasminogen-activator gene expression in human endothelial cells . European Journal of Biochemistry . 232 . 2 . 425–32 . Sep 1995 . 7556191 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.425zz.x . free .
• Perlmann T, Jansson L . A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1 . Genes & Development . 9 . 7 . 769–82 . Apr 1995 . 7705655 . 10.1101/gad.9.7.769 . free .
• Forman BM, Umesono K, Chen J, Evans RM . Unique response pathways are established by allosteric interactions among nuclear hormone receptors . Cell . 81 . 4 . 541–50 . May 1995 . 7758108 . 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90075-6 . 3203590 . free .
• Zanaria E, Muscatelli F, Bardoni B, Strom TM, Guioli S, Guo W, Lalli E, Moser C, Walker AP, McCabe ER . An unusual member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily responsible for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita . Nature . 372 . 6507 . 635–41 . Dec 1994 . 7990953 . 10.1038/372635a0 . 1994Natur.372..635Z . 4363344 .
• Almasan A, Mangelsdorf DJ, Ong ES, Wahl GM, Evans RM . Chromosomal localization of the human retinoid X receptors . Genomics . 20 . 3 . 397–403 . Apr 1994 . 8034312 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1193 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . Jan 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Fleischhauer K, McBride OW, DiSanto JP, Ozato K, Yang SY . Cloning and chromosome mapping of human retinoid X receptor beta: selective amino acid sequence conservation of a nuclear hormone receptor in mammals . Human Genetics . 90 . 5 . 505–10 . Jan 1993 . 8381386 . 10.1007/BF00217449 . 26472949 .
• May M, Mengus G, Lavigne AC, Chambon P, Davidson I . Human TAF(II28) promotes transcriptional stimulation by activation function 2 of the retinoid X receptors . The EMBO Journal . 15 . 12 . 3093–104 . Jun 1996 . 8670810 . 450252 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00672.x.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . Sep 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Joyeux A, Cavaillès V, Balaguer P, Nicolas JC . RIP 140 enhances nuclear receptor-dependent transcription in vivo in yeast . Molecular Endocrinology . 11 . 2 . 193–202 . Feb 1997 . 9013766 . 10.1210/mend.11.2.9884 . free .
• Xu XC, Sozzi G, Lee JS, Lee JJ, Pastorino U, Pilotti S, Kurie JM, Hong WK, Lotan R . Suppression of retinoic acid receptor beta in non-small-cell lung cancer in vivo: implications for lung cancer development . Journal of the National Cancer Institute . 89 . 9 . 624–9 . May 1997 . 9150186 . 10.1093/jnci/89.9.624 . free .
• Chen H, Lin RJ, Schiltz RL, Chakravarti D, Nash A, Nagy L, Privalsky ML, Nakatani Y, Evans RM . Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300 . Cell . 90 . 3 . 569–80 . Aug 1997 . 9267036 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80516-4 . 15284825 . free .

Notes and References

1. Fitzgibbon J, Gillett GT, Woodward KJ, Boyle JM, Wolfe J, Povey S . Mapping of RXRB to human chromosome 6p21.3 . Annals of Human Genetics . 57 . Pt 3 . 203–9 . Jul 1993 . 8257090 . 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1993.tb01596.x . 26964941 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RXRB retinoid X receptor, beta.