Results breakdown of the 2021 Canadian federal election explained

Election Name:2021 Canadian federal election
Country:Canada
Previous Election:2019
Election Date:September 20, 2021
Seats For Election:All 338 seats in the House of Commons of Canada
Majority Seats:170
Turnout:62.25%
Party1:Liberal
Leader1:Justin Trudeau
Colour1:
  1. EA6D6A
Percentage1:32.6%
Seats1:160
Last Election1:157
Party2:Conservative
Leader2:Erin O'Toole
Colour2:
  1. 6495ED
Percentage2:33.7%
Seats2:119
Last Election2:121
Party3:Bloc Québécois
Leader3:Yves-François Blanchet
Colour3:
  1. 87CEFA
Percentage3:7.6%
Seats3:32
Last Election3:32
Party4:New Democratic Party
Leader4:Jagmeet Singh
Colour4:
  1. F4A460
Percentage4:17.8%
Seats4:25
Last Election4:24
Party5:Green
Leader5:Annamie Paul
Colour5:
  1. 99C955
Percentage5:2.3%
Seats5:2
Last Election5:3
Prime Minister
Before Election:Justin Trudeau
Before Party:Liberal
After Election:Justin Trudeau
After Party:Liberal

The 2021 Canadian federal election was held on September 20, 2021, to elect members of the House of Commons to the 44th Canadian Parliament. The Liberal Party of Canada was returned once more with a minority of the seats, and the composition of the House saw very little change.

Summary

The election was described as being "like a game of tug of war in which the rope won."[1] The remarkable similarity of the seat results and those in 2019 may have reinforced voters' sentiments that the early election was unnecessary, and its meagre outcome has left its mark on the electorate. Both the Liberals and Conservatives saw marginal declines in their national shares of the votes.

Compared to 2019, Tory holds in Western Canada and Liberal ones in the GTA both declined, although one Conservative observer noted, "I am far more encouraged by the narrowing of margins in the suburbs, than I am discouraged or concerned by an Alberta MP only winning by 30,000 votes".[2]

The Green Party saw its share of the vote collapse to 2.3%, its lowest level since the 2000 federal election. Internal dissension and poor morale contributed to the decline, and Elizabeth May called for an inquiry to determine the underlying reasons for it.[3] Paul announced her resignation as party leader on September 27,[4] which took effect on November 14, after being officially accepted by the party's federal council.[5]

In late November, the Greens released a report indicating that they were facing imminent insolvency, and were considering closing the Ottawa office.[6] The party had lost 499 monthly donors since July 2021, and 6,259 members in the same length of time.[6]

The increase of the People's Party share from 1.6% to 4.9% may have cost the Conservatives at least ten ridings.[7] [8] [9] Votes obtained by individual PPC candidates were larger than the margin of victory in 21 ridings, where the Conservative candidate was in second place (12 in Ontario, five in BC, two in Alberta, one in Quebec and one in Newfoundland). Of those seats, 14 went to the Liberals, six to the NDP, and one to the Bloc. Observers noted that a significant amount of PPC support arose from non-Conservative voters.[10]

Eight ridings were won by a margin of 1% or less, and judicial recounts were requested in four of them. One riding flipped from the Bloc to the Liberals,[11] one Bloc victory was confirmed,[12] and two proceedings were terminated when it became obvious that no change would occur.[13] [14]

Synopsis of results

colspan="10"
↓
16011932252
LiberalConservative

Post-election pendulum

The robustness of the margins of victory for each party can be summarized in electoral pendulums. These are not necessarily a measure of the volatility of the respective riding results. The following tables show the margins over the various 2nd-place contenders, for which one-half of the value represents the swing needed to overturn the result. Actual seat turnovers in the 2021 election are noted for reference.

= seats that changed hands in the election

colspan="5" align="center" Liberal (160 seats)
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5% or less
QC  BQ -
ON  NDP0.1
QC  BQ0.4
ON  Con0.6
BC  NDP0.9
NB  Con1.1
ON  Con1.1
ON  NDP1.1
AB  Con1.3
ON  NDP1.7
ON  Con2.0
BC  Con2.2
NS  Con2.9
NS  NDP3.0
QC  BQ3.0
BC  Con3.1
ON  Con3.1
ON  Con3.2
ON  NDP3.3
ON  Con3.6
ON  Con3.8
BC  Con3.9
ON  Con4.4
ON  NDP4.4
NL  Con5.0
ON  NDP5.0
ON  Con5.0
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5%10%
QC  NDP5.1
QC  BQ5.1
ON  Con5.2
ON  Con5.5
NL  Con5.7
ON  Con5.7
Terr  NDP5.9
ON  Con6.1
QC  BQ6.1
ON  Con6.2
AB  Con6.3
QC  BQ6.4
QC  BQ6.5
ON  Con6.7
ON  Con7.0
Terr  Con7.0
QC  BQ7.1
ON  Con8.0
BC  Con8.2
ON  Con8.2
ON  Con8.4
BC  Con8.5
QC  BQ8.5
PE  Con8.7
ON  Con8.8
ON  Con8.9
ON  Con8.9
BC  Con9.0
ON  Con9.5
BC  NDP9.7
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 10%20%
BC  NDP10.4
ON  Con10.8
NL  NDP10.9
QC  BQ11.1
NS  Con11.4
ON  Con11.4
ON  NDP11.8
ON  Con12.0
ON  Con12.1
NL  Con12.3
QC  BQ12.3
ON  Con12.5
ON  NDP12.5
ON  Con12.8
ON  Con13.1
ON  Con13.1
QC  BQ13.3
NB  Con13.5
ON  NDP13.6
MB  Con13.7
NS  Con13.9
BC  Con14.4
BC  Con14.7
ON  NDP14.7
NS  Con14.9
PE  Con15.1
ON  Con15.2
ON  Con15.4
NS  Con15.5
ON  Con15.5
PE  Con15.6
MB  Con15.8
NL  Con15.8
BC  NDP16.2
ON  Con16.4
BC  Con17.0
ON  Con17.2
ON  Con17.3
ON  Con17.3
ON  Con17.4
MB  Con17.7
ON  Con17.7
ON  Con18.0
ON  Con18.4
QC  NDP19.4
NS  NDP19.6
PE  Con19.7
colspan="5" align="center" Margins > 20%
ON  Con20.6
QC  BQ20.8
QC  BQ21.7
ON  Con22.2
ON  NDP22.3
ON  Con22.8
QC  Con22.8
ON  Con23.1
ON  Con23.5
MB  NDP23.7
ON  Con23.9
NS  NDP24.3
QC  BQ24.3
ON  NDP24.4
ON  Con24.6
BC  NDP24.8
ON  Con25.3
ON  NDP25.4
NB  Con25.7
ON  Con26.0
QC  BQ26.6
QC  BQ26.6
ON  Con27.0
ON  Con27.5
QC  NDP27.6
BC  NDP27.9
NB  Con29.4
QC  BQ29.8
ON  Con30.2
QC  BQ30.4
QC  NDP31.8
NL  NDP32.8
ON  Con32.2
QC  Con33.2
ON  NDP34.1
QC  BQ34.2
QC  NDP34.6
ON  Con34.7
ON  Con35.2
QC  Con35.2
ON  Con35.9
NB  Con36.2
QC  BQ36.3
ON  Con36.4
ON  Con36.7
QC  BQ36.7
QC  Con37.4
ON  Con39.8
QC  Con40.6
ON  Con41.7
QC  BQ41.7
ON  Con43.3
QC  BQ43.7
ON  Con47.7
NB  Con51.0
QC  Con58.9
colspan="5" align="center" NDP (25 seats)
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5% or less
BC  Con1.7
AB  Con3.4
BC  Con3.5
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5%10%
BC  Con5.3
BC  Con5.8
BC  Con6.5
ON  Con7.9
BC  Lib9.9
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 10%20%
Terr  Lib11.8
BC  Con12.2
ON  Con12.7
BC  Con14.4
ON  Lib16.4
BC  Lib16.6
MB  Lib17.4
ON  Con19.1
colspan="5" align="center" Margins > 20%
BC  Lib20.7
MB  Con21.6
MB  Lib21.9
ON  Lib22.2
BC  Lib24.9
BC  Lib25.1
QC  Lib25.4
AB  Con35.2
BC  Lib36.6
colspan="5" align="center" Conservative (119 seats)
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5% or less
NL  Lib0.9
MB  Lib1.0
ON  Lib2.2
BC  Lib3.5
NS  Lib3.8
AB  Lib3.9
ON  Lib3.9
NB  Lib4.4
ON  Lib4.4
BC  NDP4.8
ON  Lib4.8
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5%10%
ON  Lib5.1
SK  NDP6.1
BC  NDP6.3
QC  BQ7.6
ON  NDP9.3
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 10%20%
ON  Lib10.2
AB  NDP10.6
ON  Lib11.0
ON  NDP11.2
NS  Lib11.8
ON  Lib11.9
ON  Lib12.3
SK  NDP12.3
MB  Lib12.4
ON  Lib12.6
SK  NDP12.6
ON  NDP12.7
BC  NDP14.0
ON  Lib14.2
ON  Lib15.0
ON  Lib15.2
ON  Lib15.6
ON  Lib16.5
AB  Lib16.8
AB  Lib17.5
ON  Lib17.7
BC  Lib18.8
ON  Lib18.8
AB  NDP19.0
NS  Lib19.1
BC  NDP19.3
BC  Lib19.3
BC  Lib19.3
ON  Lib19.5
AB  NDP19.8
SK  NDP19.8
ON  Lib19.9
QC  BQ19.9
colspan="5" align="center" Margins > 20%
AB  Lib20.2
ON  Lib21.0
AB  Lib21.6
SK  Lib21.9
ON  Lib22.5
SK  Lib23.0
NB  Lib23.4
BC  Lib23.7
ON  Lib24.0
ON  Lib24.0
QC  BQ24.2
ON  Lib24.7
ON  Lib24.9
ON  NDP25.1
QC  BQ25.1
ON  Lib25.3
BC  NDP26.1
NB  Lib26.1
ON  Lib26.3
ON  Lib26.5
NB  Lib27.1
BC  NDP27.2
ON  Lib27.8
QC  BQ27.8
QC  BQ27.8
ON  NDP28.5
ON  Lib29.2
QC  BQ29.9
QC  PPC30.1
BC  NDP30.4
ON  Lib30.4
MB  PPC30.9
QC  BQ31.2
MB  Lib31.7
ON  Lib32.0
AB  Lib32.3
AB  NDP34.7
AB  Lib35.1
QC  BQ36.2
AB  NDP36.3
AB  NDP37.0
MB  NDP37.7
MB  NDP39.1
AB  NDP40.3
AB  Lib40.4
AB  NDP40.5
SK  NDP41.0
SK  NDP41.0
AB  NDP42.4
AB  NDP42.7
AB  NDP43.9
MB  NDP44.3
BC  NDP47.2
SK  NDP49.8
AB  NDP50.0
AB  NDP50.1
AB  NDP50.3
AB  NDP51.3
AB  PPC53.5
SK  NDP55.0
AB  PPC55.1
AB  NDP56.2
SK  NDP56.5
SK  NDP56.7
AB  NDP58.1
AB  PPC58.3
AB  PPC59.8
SK  NDP61.0
AB  NDP61.5
SK  PPC67.3
colspan="5" align="center" Bloc Québécois (32 seats)
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5% or less
QC  Con0.2
QC  Con2.0
QC  NDP2.2
QC  Lib2.9
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 5%10%
QC  Lib5.3
QC  Lib6.0
QC  Con6.5
QC  Lib8.4
QC  Lib9.1
colspan="5" align="center" Margins 10%20%
QC  Lib10.5
QC  Lib11.6
QC  Lib11.9
QC  Con12.8
QC  Lib14.4
QC  Lib17.9
colspan="5" align="center" Margins > 20%
QC  Lib20.6
QC  Lib23.0
QC  Lib24.1
QC  Lib24.1
QC  Lib24.8
QC  Con25.0
QC  Lib25.2
QC  Lib26.5
QC  Lib27.8
QC  Lib28.4
QC  Lib29.4
QC  Lib29.9
QC  Con30.8
QC  Lib32.3
QC  Lib33.4
QC  Lib37.9
QC  Lib38.3
colspan="5" align="center" Green (2 seats)
ON  Con10.4
BC  Con15.1

Vote shares

Trends in vote shares, turnouts and margins of victory

Results analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place
Party in 1st place Party in 2nd place Total
Lib Con NDP BQ Grn PPC
1043224160
584597119
121325
256132
2
Total951257833 - 7338
Principal races, according to 1st and 2nd-place results
Parties Seats
162
58
49
44
15
7
2
1
Total338
Party rankings (1st to 5th place)
Party 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
1609559222
1191257716 -
2578173602
323376 -
2 - 431160
 - 71719678
 -  - 1117
 -  -  - 316
 -  -  -  - 10

Seats that changed hands

Elections to the 44th Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 2019–2021
Party2019Gain from (loss to)2021
LibConNDPBQGrnInd
157 7 (7) 2 1 (1) 1 160
121 7 (7) (2) 119
24 (2) 2 1 25
32 32
3 1 (1) (1) 2
1 (1)  -
Total 338 8 (11) 9 (7) 2 (3)  -  - 2 (1) 1  - 338

The following seats changed allegiance from the 2019 election.

Conservative to Liberal
Conservative to NDP
Liberal to Conservative
Liberal to Green
NDP to Liberal
Green to Liberal
Green to NDP
Independent to Liberal

Defeated MPs

Of the 22 seats that changed hands, four were open seats where the MPs chose to retire, and one was where the MP crossed the floor in June and was re-elected under a new banner; the other 17 went down to defeat.

MPs defeated (2021)
PartyRidingMPPosition heldFirst electedDefeated byParty
Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillLeona AlleslevDeputy Leader of the Opposition (2019–2020)2015Leah Taylor Roy
Calgary SkyviewJag Sahota2019George Chahal
Cloverdale—Langley CityTamara Jansen2019John Aldag
Edmonton CentreJames CummingCritic for COVID-19 economic recovery2019Randy Boissonnault
Markham—UnionvilleBob Saroya2015Paul Chiang
Richmond CentreAlice Wong2008Wilson Miao
Steveston—Richmond EastKenny Chiu2019Parm Bains
Edmonton GriesbachKerry Diotte2015Blake Desjarlais
Port Moody—CoquitlamNelly Shin2019Bonita Zarrillo
Bay of QuinteNeil EllisParliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (2019–2021)2015Ryan Williams
Coast of Bays—Central—Notre DameScott SimmsChair of the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage2004Clifford Small
Cumberland—ColchesterLenore Zann2019Stephen Ellis
King—VaughanDeb SchulteMinister of Seniors2015Anna Roberts
Peterborough—KawarthaMaryam MonsefMinister for Women and Gender Equality
Minister of Rural Economic Development		2015Michelle Ferreri
South Shore—St. MargaretsBernadette JordanMinister of Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard2015Rick Perkins
Kitchener CentreRaj Saini2015Mike Morrice
Nanaimo—LadysmithPaul Manly2019Lisa Marie Barron

Open seats that changed hands

Of the 31 seats open at dissolution, four were won by a non-incumbent party:

Open seats taken by candidates of other parties (2021)
PartyCandidate Incumbent retiring from the House RidingWon byParty
Lisa HarrisPat FinniganMiramichi—Grand LakeJake Stewart
Malcolm AllenScott DuvallHamilton MountainLisa Hepfner
Mary Shortall Jack HarrisSt. John's EastJoanne Thompson
Jody Wilson-RaybouldVancouver GranvilleTaleeb Noormohamed

Disavowed candidates

Below are the candidates who were disavowed by their parties and/or voluntarily ceased campaigning after candidate registration closed, remaining on the ballot with their original party affiliation.

CandidateElectoral districtProvince or territoryDate announcedReasonPlaced
 Raj SainiKitchener CentreOntarioSeptember 4, 2021Ongoing sexual harassment allegations[16] 4th
 Lisa RobinsonBeaches—East YorkOntarioSeptember 10, 2021Alleged Islamophobic tweet (2018)[17] [18] 3rd
 Sidney ColesToronto—St. Paul'sOntarioSeptember 15, 2021Antisemitic tweets (2021)[19] 3rd
 Daniel OsborneCumberland—ColchesterNova ScotiaSeptember 15, 2021Antisemitic tweets (2019)3rd
 Kevin VuongSpadina—Fort YorkOntarioSeptember 17, 2021Sexual assault charge (dropped in 2019) and failure to disclose same to the party[20] 1st (elected)
 Michael LariviereRenfrew—Nipissing—PembrokeOntarioSeptember 20, 2021Unspecified; probably associating proof-of-vaccination systems with Nazism at election debate[21] 5th

MPs standing under a different political affiliation

Jenica Atwin, who was elected as the Green Party candidate in Fredericton in 2019, switched party affiliation to the Liberal Party in June 2021, and was re-elected as a Liberal. Two MPs elected in 2019 contested the election but left their party affiliation blank when they registered; however, both failed to be re-elected.

Outgoing MP2019 party2019 riding2021 affiliation2021 ridingOutcome
Jenica AtwinFrederictonFrederictonWon
Michel BoudriasTerrebonneTerrebonneLost
Derek SloanHastings—Lennox and AddingtonBanff—AirdrieLost

Significant results among independent and minor party candidates

Those candidates not belonging to a major party, receiving more than 1,000 votes in the election, are listed below:

Riding !! colspan="2"
Candidate !Votes Placed
AB Tariq Elnaga 1,475 6th
AB Derek Sloan2,020 5th
AB Jeff Golka 2,393 6th
AB Orrin Bliss 1,368 5th
AB Josh Wylie 2,289 5th
AB Ambrose Ralph 2,195 5th
AB Kim Siever 1,179 5th
AB Geoff Shoesmith 1,226 5th
AB Colin Krieger 2,573 4th
AB Mark Wilcox 1,640 5th
AB Jeff Dunham 1,240 5th
AB Todd Muir 1,761 5th
BC David Jeffers 1,580 6th
MB Rick Loewen 1,366 5th
NB Louis Bérubé 1,277 5th
QC Dwayne Cappelletti 1,277 5th
QC Chantale Giguère 1,096 6th
QC André Blanchette 1,215 5th
QC Raymond Arcand 1,793 5th
QC Josée Joyal 1,728 5th
QC Michel Leclerc 1,165 7th
QC Mélanie Fortin 1,089 6th
QC Ariane Croteau 1,182 7th
QC Pierre Duval 2,025 5th
QC Noémi Bureau-Civil 1,467 5th
QC Marie-Eve Damour 1,036 6th
QC Jean-Charles Cléroux 1,790 5th
QC 3,864 5th
QC Ginette Destrempes 1,288 6th
SK Ken Rutherford 2,162 3rd
SK Diane Pastoor 1,053 5th
SK Mark Skagen 1,360 5th
Terr 1,791 4th
Terr Jonas Jacot Smith[22] 2,639 4th

Results by province

Proportion of seats and votes won in each province/territory, by party (2021)
ProvinceLiberalConservativeNDPBlocGreenPeople's
Ontario
2,532,446[23] 2,249,4851,151,788143,218352,076
Quebec
1,361,291755,548395,9591,301,75861,730109,046
British Columbia
602,248741,043650,606117,951109,676
Alberta
300,0991,073,103370,34417,573142,673
Manitoba
159,498224,168131,8309,51843,603
Saskatchewan
54,685304,392108,6115,73434,164
Nova Scotia
206,812143,764108,0929,18919,481
New Brunswick
168,817133,79447,56420,50524,370
Newfoundland and Labrador
103,06270,21337,5500[24] 5,142
Prince Edward Island
38,95626,6737,7128,0482,738
Northern Canada[25]
14,4468,33212,3951,274[26] 0[27]
Total
5,556,6295,747,4103,036,3481,301,758396,988840,993

Ontario

Results in Ontario (2021 vs 2019)
PartySeats
2019 Gained Lost 2021
792-378
363-237
6-15
 - 1 - 1
Total 121

Quebec

Results in Quebec (2021 vs 2019)
PartySeats
2019 Gained Lost 2021
35 -  - 35
32 -  - 32
10 -  - 10
1 -  - 1
Total 78

British Columbia

Results in BC (2021 vs 2019)
PartySeats
2019 Gained Lost 2021
17 - -413
114 - 15
112 - 13
2 - -11
1 - -1 -
Total 42

Alberta

Results in Alberta (2021 vs 2019)
PartySeats
2019 Gained Lost 2021
33 - -330
 - 2 - 2
11 - 2
Total 34

Post-election analysis

Elections Canada

Elections Canada reported the following general characteristics of voter turnout in the election, compared to 2019:[28] [29]

Estimated voter turnout %, by age and sex, all Canada (2021 v 2019)
Age groupAll votersMaleFemale
20212019Change (pp)20212019Change (pp)20212019Change (pp)
First-time voters44.753.68.941.349.78.448.357.79.4
Not first time47.454.26.843.750.26.551.358.47.1
18 - 24 yrs46.753.97.243.149.96.850.558.07.5
25 - 34 yrs52.858.45.649.955.55.655.861.35.5
35 - 44 yrs59.064.65.657.562.75.260.566.45.9
45 - 54 yrs63.868.14.362.566.74.265.069.54.5
55 - 64 yrs68.373.35.066.771.95.269.874.64.8
65 - 74 yrs74.979.14.274.378.94.675.679.23.6
75 yrs +65.968.62.767.772.34.664.365.71.4
All ages62.267.04.860.665.54.963.868.54.7

Together with Statistics Canada through its Labour Force Survey, analysis was undertaken in both 2019 and 2021 as to the reasons people gave for not voting:[30] [31]

Reasons for not voting, %, 2021 (vs 2019, where applicable)
Reason for not votingTotal Non-VotersYouth, aged 18–24Indigenous living off reserveImmigrant (>10 years)Immigrant (10 years or less)
20212019Change (pp)20212019Change (pp)20212019Change (pp)20212021
Everyday life reasons43.345.92.642.145.73.638.440.82.448.644.7
Political reasons39.141.92.836.339.12.841.747.65.934.522.4
Electoral process reasons7.15.41.712.28.24.06.36.90.66.916.5
Reasons related to COVID-192.2New0.8NewN/A3.1N/A
All other reasons8.36.81.58.67.01.611.34.86.56.813.2

From polling firms after Election Day

Per Ipsos

Ipsos 2021 election day poll[32]
Social groupLiberalConservativeNDPBlocGreenPPCOther
Actual results
Total vote 32 3418 7 2 5 1
Gender
Male 31 3716 5 2 7 1
Female 33 32 19 10 3 3 1
Age
1834 38 24 25 5 2 5  -
3554 32 3218 9 2 6 2
55+ 28 4314 7 3 4 1

Notes and references

References

Notes and References

  1. News: Moscrop. David. September 21, 2021. Canada's election was a pointless exercise. At least politicians can get back to work now.. Washington Post.
  2. News: Tumilty. Ryan. October 8, 2021. Liberals gained seats in federal election, but lost support in some parts of the country . National Post.
  3. News: McKinley. Steve. Nuttall. Jeremy. September 21, 2021. What's next for Canada's Green party? Despite electing two MPs, the party saw its support drop to a 20-year low. The Toronto Star.
  4. News: Aiello. Rachel. September 27, 2021. Annamie Paul resigning as leader of the Green Party. September 27, 2021. CTV News.
  5. News: Thurton. David . November 16, 2021. Green Party accepts Annamie Paul's resignation as leader. CBC News. November 17, 2021.
  6. News: Thurton . David . December 3, 2021 . Threatened with insolvency, Green Party considers closing its head office . . December 3, 2021.
  7. News: Gillies. Rob. September 21, 2021. Trudeau's election bet fails, but Tory rival might lose job. AP News. Associated Press. September 25, 2021.
  8. News: Kustra. Tyler. September 21, 2021. Why did Trudeau win the Canadian election by such a slim margin?. The Washington Post. September 25, 2021.
  9. Web site: Emmanuel. Rachel. September 21, 2021. The People's party cost the Conservatives some ridings. September 25, 2021. iPolitics.
  10. News: Connolly. Amanda. Akin. David. September 22, 2021. Canada election: Did the PPC split the Conservative vote? Maybe — but it's not that simple. Global News. September 25, 2021.
  11. News: . October 6, 2021. Recount gives Châteauguay—Lacolle riding to Liberals by 12 votes . Montreal Gazette.
  12. News: Houle. Sébastien. October 7, 2021. La victoire du bloquiste René Villemure confirmée dans Trois-Rivières. Bloquiste René Villemure's victory confirmed in Trois-Rivières. French. Le Nouvelliste.
  13. News: . October 12, 2021. Le Bloc concède la victoire à la libérale Pascale St-Onge dans Brome-Missisquoi . The Bloc concedes victory to Liberal Pascale St-Onge in Brome-Missisquoi. French. Le Devoir.
  14. News: . October 15, 2021. Recount in Toronto's Davenport stopped as Liberal confirmed victor. Toronto Sun.
  15. The Green MP elected in 2019 defected to the Liberals months before the 2021 election.
  16. Web site: Liberal MP Raj Saini drops out of re-election campaign following misconduct allegations – National . 2021-09-18. Global News. en-CA . Ghosh . Twinkle . September 4, 2021.
  17. Web site: 2021-09-10. Conservative Party removes Beaches-East York candidate over social media posts. 2021-09-18. CP24. en.
  18. Robinson claims the Twitter account was fake and reported to Durham police in 2018 after the tweet was made.
  19. Web site: Two NDP candidates resign following Anti-Semitic online comments. 2021-09-18. CityNews . Toronto . Casaletto . Lucas . September 15, 2021.
  20. Web site: Toronto candidate asked by Liberals to 'pause' campaign amid news past sexual assault charge dropped . 2021-09-18. Global News. en-CA . Westoll . Nick . Khan . Ahmar . Rocca . Ryan . September 17, 2021.
  21. News: Green Party candidate withdraws in Ottawa Valley riding . 20 September 2021 . . 20 September 2021.
  22. News: Ritchie. Haley . August 18, 2021. Jonas Smith plans to run as independent in upcoming election. Yukon News.
  23. Web site: Canada. Elections. Election Night Results - Provinces & Territories. 2022-01-26. enr.elections.ca.
  24. The Greens did not run a candidate in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  25. (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut).
  26. The Greens did not run a candidate in Nunavut.
  27. The People's Party did not run a candidate in any of the Canadian Territories.
  28. Web site: Estimation of Voter Turnout by Age Group and Gender at the 2021 General Election. Barisonzi. Marcello. Lachance. Jessica. elections.ca. July 3, 2022.
  29. Web site: Voter Turnout by Sex and Age. . 6 August 2020. elections.ca. June 7, 2021. this result differs from the Official Voting Results, which is based on registered electors. January 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210123051605/https://elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rec%2Feval%2Fpes2019%2Fvtsa&document=index&lang=e. live.
  30. Web site: Turnout and Reasons for Not Voting: October 21, 2019, Federal Election: Results from the Labour Force Survey Supplement. . 22 October 2020. elections.ca . July 3, 2022.
  31. Web site: Turnout and Reasons for Not Voting: September 20, 2021, Federal Election. . 27 June 2022. elections.ca. July 3, 2022.
  32. Web site: Detailed tables 1. . September 27, 2021. ipsos.com. Ipsos. 2.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Results breakdown of the 2021 Canadian federal election".

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