Results breakdown of the 1989 Spanish general election (Congress) explained

This is the results breakdown of the Congress of Deputies election held in Spain on 29 October 1989. The following tables show detailed results in each of the country's 17 autonomous communities and in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, as well as a summary of constituency and regional results.[1] [2]

Electoral system

348 members of the Congress of Deputies were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.[3] [4] The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.[5]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[6]

SeatsConstituencies
33Madrid
32Barcelona
16Valencia
12Seville
10Alicante, Biscay, Málaga
9Asturias, Cádiz, La Coruña, Murcia
8Pontevedra
7Córdoba, Granada, Guipúzcoa, Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza
6Badajoz, Balearics, Jaén
5Almería, Cáceres, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Gerona, Huelva, León, Lugo, Navarre, Orense, Tarragona, Toledo, Valladolid
4Álava, Albacete, Burgos, La Rioja, Lérida, Salamanca
3Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora

Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[7]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[8]

Nationwide

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)18,115,568 39.60 –4.46175 –9
People's Party (PP)1 25,285,972 25.79 –0.18107 +2
United Left (IU)1,858,588 9.07 +4.4417 +10
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)1,617,716 7.89 –1.3314 –5
Convergence and Union (CiU)1,032,243 5.04 +0.0218 ±0
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)254,681 1.24 –0.295 –1
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)219,883 1.07 New0 ±0
Popular Unity (HB)217,278 1.06 –0.094 –1
Andalusian Party (PA)212,687 1.04 +0.572 +2
Green List (LV)158,034 0.77 +0.610 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)157,103 0.77 +0.610 ±0
Ecologist Party of the Basque Country (PEE–(LV))931 0.00 New0 ±0
Valencian Union (UV)144,924 0.71 New2 +1
Basque Solidarity (EA)136,955 0.67 New2 +2
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)136,335 0.67 New0 ±0
Basque Country Left (EE)105,238 0.51 –0.022 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)386,257 0.42 –0.720 ±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)84,756 0.41 –0.010 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)81,218 0.40 +0.010 ±0
Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR)71,733 0.35 –0.011 ±0
Canarian Independent Groups (AIC)64,767 0.32 –0.011 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)62,664 0.31 New0 ±0
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)47,763 0.23 +0.100 ±0
Galician Coalition (CG)45,821 0.22 –0.180 –1
Valencian People's Union (UPV)40,767 0.20 ±0.000 ±0
Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left (PSG–EG)34,131 0.17 –0.060 ±0
Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia (AV–MEC)25,978 0.13 –0.020 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)24,025 0.12 –0.100 ±0
Canarian Nationalist Assembly (ACN)421,539 0.11 –0.070 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)21,235 0.10 –0.040 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)517,095 0.08 +0.060 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)15,936 0.08 New0 ±0
Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party (PNG–PG)14,411 0.07 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)612,807 0.06 –0.050 ±0
United Extremadura (EU)10,984 0.05 –0.030 ±0
Nationalist Left (PSM–ENE)7,989 0.04 ±0.000 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)7,906 0.04 +0.010 ±0
Independents of Gran Canaria (IGC)6,371 0.03 New0 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)5,414 0.03 New0 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)4,942 0.02 +0.010 ±0
Galician People's Front (FPG)3,657 0.02 New0 ±0
Regional Party of Madrid (PAM)3,396 0.02 New0 ±0
Group of Madrid Radicals (GRM)3,330 0.02 New0 ±0
Asturian Nationalist Unity (UNA)3,218 0.02 New0 ±0
Aragonese Union (UA–CHA)3,156 0.02 New0 ±0
Valencian Nationalist Left–Valencian Regional Union (ENV–URV)2,988 0.01 ±0.000 ±0
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL)2,962 0.01 ±0.000 ±0
Balearic Union (UB)2,883 0.01 New0 ±0
United Ceuta (CEU)2,760 0.01 New0 ±0
7 Green Stars (SEV)1,411 0.01 New0 ±0
Green Movement (MV)1,368 0.01 New0 ±0
Independent Citizen Group (ACI)1,359 0.01 New0 ±0
Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL)1,199 0.01 ±0.000 ±0
Cantonalist Party of the Alicantine Country (Alicantón)1,041 0.01 New0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE)975 0.00 New0 ±0
Radicals for Cantabria (RxC)904 0.00 New0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)827 0.00 New0 ±0
Lanzarote Assembly (Tagoror)472 0.00 New0 ±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)426 0.00 New0 ±0
Balearic Radical Party (PRB)398 0.00 New0 ±0
Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla (PNEM)301 0.00 New0 ±0
Proverist Party (PPr)245 0.00 ±0.000 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LCR–MC)70 0.00 ±0.000 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))80 0.00 –0.140 ±0
Blank ballots141,795 0.69 +0.09
Total20,493,682 350 ±0
Valid votes20,493,682 99.26 +0.83
Invalid votes152,683 0.74 –0.83
Votes cast / turnout20,646,365 69.74 –0.75
Abstentions8,957,690 30.26 +0.75
Registered voters29,604,055
Sources[9] [10]

Summary

Constituencies

Summary of constituency results in the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election
ConstituencyPSOEPPIUCDSCiUPNVHBPAUVEAEEPARAIC
data-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"S
Álava25.9214.113.1−6.7−16.9111.6−8.5−8.7−
Albacete49.7330.818.4−7.4−
Alicante43.8529.439.0110.010.6−
Almería52.7423.418.5−8.9−2.3−
Asturias40.6426.5315.6112.51
Ávila27.8132.814.4−31.51
Badajoz54.8423.528.0−10.0−
Balearics34.5340.735.1−9.2−
Barcelona37.01410.538.234.5130.411
Biscay20.829.713.6−3.4−27.9315.027.917.91
Burgos32.3243.527.9−10.8−
Cáceres52.6327.225.1−8.8−
Cádiz51.9616.319.614.2−11.31
Cantabria40.1338.426.4−9.7−
Castellón41.7333.925.5−8.8−1.3−
Ceuta37.7134.3−8.2−
Ciudad Real52.4330.026.3−7.9−
Córdoba49.4518.2118.315.0−5.9−
Cuenca45.9239.014.3−7.2−
Gerona28.927.9−3.9−3.0−46.93
Granada50.0424.6211.516.0−2.6−
Guadalajara36.5142.828.4−7.6−
Guipúzcoa19.827.0−2.0−2.2−16.2122.0217.9110.41
Huelva58.5419.617.7−4.7−5.0−
Huesca40.5225.517.7−8.5−12.1−
Jaén54.1424.3211.5−4.8−2.5−
La Coruña36.8435.843.9−9.01
La Rioja39.7241.126.4−7.2−
Las Palmas32.0320.7210.1−24.321.8−
León39.9338.426.3−10.1−
Lérida28.6212.4−3.7−4.0−41.82
Lugo31.4245.832.0−6.1−
Madrid33.51234.21215.4511.04
Málaga51.6719.5213.615.6−5.1−
Melilla38.5−55.711.8−
Murcia46.1530.039.2−10.41
Navarre31.2233.235.7−7.0−0.9−11.0−4.8−2.9−
Orense35.4240.732.0−5.6−
Palencia36.6144.525.8−8.6−
Pontevedra32.9439.043.7−8.1−
Salamanca37.0240.725.7−12.5−
Santa Cruz de Tenerife40.6417.915.6−10.1118.51
Segovia30.7139.927.1−16.5−
Seville54.2819.0211.512.3−9.01
Soria33.0147.925.1−9.4−
Tarragona34.2213.115.3−4.0−34.12
Teruel40.1232.914.3−8.7−10.6−
Toledo47.0334.427.3−8.0−
Valencia40.1824.249.916.5111.52
Valladolid35.9238.139.5−11.4−
Zamora37.9142.724.0−11.5−
Zaragoza38.0327.5211.317.2−10.61
Total39.617525.81079.1177.9145.0181.251.141.020.720.720.520.410.31

Regions

Summary of regional results in the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election
RegionPSOEPPIUCDSCiUPNVHBPAUVEAEEPARAIC
data-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"Sdata-sort-type="number"%data-sort-type="number"S
Andalusia52.54220.21212.054.7−6.22
Aragon38.7727.849.717.6−10.91
Asturias40.6426.5315.6112.51
Balearics34.5340.735.1−9.2−
Basque Country21.169.423.0−3.5−22.8516.9411.228.82
Canary Islands36.1719.438.0−17.639.71
Cantabria40.1338.426.4−9.7−
Castile and León35.61440.2186.7−12.81
Castilla–La Mancha48.01233.887.0−7.7−
Catalonia35.62010.647.334.3132.718
Ceuta37.7134.3−8.2−
Extremadura53.9725.046.9−9.5−
Galicia34.61239.0143.3−7.81
La Rioja39.7241.126.4−7.2−
Madrid33.51234.21215.4511.04
Melilla38.5−55.711.8−
Murcia46.1530.039.2−10.41
Navarre31.2233.235.7−7.0−0.9−11.0−4.8−2.9−
Valencian Community41.51627.099.127.824.62
Total39.617525.81079.1177.9145.0181.251.141.020.720.720.520.410.31

Autonomous communities

Andalusia

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Andalusia →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A)1,793,717 52.55 –4.5242 ±0
People's Party (PP)1688,625 20.17 –2.5112 –3
United Left–Assembly for Andalusia (IU–CA)408,733 11.97 +3.875 +2
Andalusian Party (PA)212,687 6.23 +3.442 +2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)159,433 4.67 –0.970 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)51,616 1.51 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)22,244 0.65 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)217,720 0.52 –0.600 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)15,724 0.46 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)10,856 0.32 +0.130 ±0
Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA)6,578 0.19 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)3,413 0.10 –0.070 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)2,110 0.06 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)31,878 0.06 –0.010 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)1,436 0.04 ±0.000 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)1,257 0.04 New0 ±0
Proverist Party (PPr)245 0.01 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.120 ±0
Blank ballots15,374 0.45 +0.01
Total3,413,646 61 +1
Valid votes3,413,646 99.30 +0.65
Invalid votes24,108 0.70 –0.65
Votes cast / turnout3,437,754 69.33 –1.44
Abstentions1,521,041 30.67 +1.44
Registered voters4,958,795
Sources

Aragon

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Aragon →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)255,342 38.72 –4.717 –1
People's Party (PP)1183,361 27.81 +1.664 ±0
Regionalist Aragonese Party (PAR)71,733 10.88 –0.141 ±0
United Left (IU)64,200 9.74 +6.351 +1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)50,160 7.61 –3.570 –1
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)6,872 1.04 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)4,735 0.72 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)4,053 0.61 +0.160 ±0
Aragonese Union (UA–CHA)3,156 0.48 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)2,974 0.45 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)22,834 0.43 –0.870 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)1,849 0.28 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)898 0.14 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)710 0.11 –0.090 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)553 0.08 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3435 0.07 –0.080 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.160 ±0
Blank ballots5,588 0.85 +0.04
Total659,453 13 –1
Valid votes659,453 99.26 +1.34
Invalid votes4,913 0.74 –1.34
Votes cast / turnout664,366 70.21 –0.38
Abstentions281,955 29.79 +0.38
Registered voters946,321
Sources

Asturias

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Asturias →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)248,584 40.56 –5.434 –1
People's Party (PP)1162,590 26.53 –0.693 +1
United Left (IU)95,494 15.58 +6.371 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)76,643 12.51 –0.651 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)4,352 0.71 New0 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)3,526 0.58 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)3,424 0.56 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)3,340 0.55 New0 ±0
Asturian Nationalist Unity (UNA)3,218 0.53 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)2,861 0.47 –0.140 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)21,854 0.30 –1.280 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,604 0.26 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)751 0.12 –0.130 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3469 0.08 –0.070 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)406 0.07 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.120 ±0
Blank ballots3,728 0.61 +0.04
Total612,844 9 ±0
Valid votes612,844 99.21 +0.98
Invalid votes4,853 0.79 –0.98
Votes cast / turnout617,697 68.90 +1.08
Abstentions278,788 31.10 –1.08
Registered voters896,485
Sources

Balearics

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearics →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)1140,163 40.66 +6.353 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)118,833 34.48 –5.803 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)31,671 9.19 –2.100 ±0
United Left (IU)17,555 5.09 +2.760 ±0
The Greens–Green List (EV–LV)8,762 2.54 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)8,709 2.53 New0 ±0
Nationalist Left (PSM–ENE)7,989 2.32 +0.110 ±0
Balearic Union (UB)2,883 0.84 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)1,621 0.47 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,050 0.30 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2772 0.22 –0.280 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)541 0.16 –0.150 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)431 0.13 –0.050 ±0
Balearic Radical Party (PRB)398 0.12 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3327 0.09 –0.080 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)0 0.00 New0 ±0
Blank ballots2,976 0.86 +0.14
Total344,681 6 ±0
Valid votes344,681 98.83 +1.01
Invalid votes4,098 1.17 –1.01
Votes cast / turnout348,779 63.54 –2.48
Abstentions200,160 36.46 +2.48
Registered voters548,939
Sources

Basque Country

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in the Basque Country →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)252,119 22.78 –5.045 –1
Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE)233,650 21.11 –5.186 –1
Popular Unity (HB)186,646 16.86 –0.834 ±0
Basque Solidarity (EA)123,613 11.17 New2 +2
People's Party (PP)1103,697 9.37 –1.132 ±0
Basque Country Left (EE)97,289 8.79 –0.292 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)38,313 3.46 –1.540 ±0
United Left (IU/EB)33,323 3.01 +1.760 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)9,820 0.89 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)7,765 0.70 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Workers (PTE–EL)24,714 0.43 –0.510 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)3,388 0.31 –0.080 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,047 0.09 New0 ±0
Ecologist Party of the Basque Country–Green List (PEE–(LV))931 0.08 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)882 0.08 New0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)863 0.08 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)753 0.07 ±0.000 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3664 0.06 –0.070 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.130 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)50 0.00 ±0.000 ±0
Blank ballots7,464 0.67 +0.16
Total1,106,941 21 ±0
Valid votes1,106,941 99.17 +0.82
Invalid votes9,247 0.83 –0.82
Votes cast / turnout1,116,188 66.90 –0.68
Abstentions552,220 33.10 +0.68
Registered voters1,668,408
Sources

Canary Islands

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in the Canary Islands →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)242,035 36.10 +0.047 +1
People's Party (PP)1130,043 19.39 –3.913 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)117,897 17.58 +0.683 ±0
Canarian Independent Groups (AIC)64,767 9.66 –0.161 ±0
United Left–United Canarian Left (IU–ICU)53,364 7.96 +3.650 ±0
Canarian Nationalist Assembly (ACN)221,539 3.21 –2.310 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)10,117 1.51 New0 ±0
Independents of Gran Canaria (IGC)6,371 0.95 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)6,138 0.92 +0.700 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)4,693 0.70 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)3,513 0.52 –0.250 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)1,654 0.25 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Canarian People (PCPC)1,500 0.22 New0 ±0
Seven Green Stars (SEV)1,411 0.21 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)910 0.14 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)767 0.11 –0.110 ±0
Lanzarote Assembly (Tagoror)472 0.07 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))30 0.00 –0.140 ±0
Blank ballots3,348 0.50 +0.12
Total670,539 14 +1
Valid votes670,539 99.08 +1.10
Invalid votes6,207 0.92 –1.10
Votes cast / turnout676,746 62.15 –6.13
Abstentions412,187 37.85 +6.13
Registered voters1,088,933
Sources

Cantabria

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Cantabria →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)119,352 40.07 –4.263 ±0
People's Party (PP)1114,403 38.41 +4.352 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)28,976 9.73 –3.230 ±0
United Left (IU)19,058 6.40 +3.310 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)2,481 0.83 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)2,208 0.74 New0 ±0
The Greens (LV)1,860 0.62 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)1,727 0.58 –0.010 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)21,291 0.43 –0.830 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,132 0.38 New0 ±0
Radicals for Cantabria (RxC)904 0.30 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)868 0.29 –0.230 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)347 0.12 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3256 0.09 –0.180 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)186 0.06 New0 ±0
Blank ballots2,824 0.95 +0.14
Total297,873 5 ±0
Valid votes297,873 98.92 +0.99
Invalid votes3,245 1.08 –0.99
Votes cast / turnout301,118 74.28 +0.85
Abstentions104,263 25.72 –0.85
Registered voters405,381
Sources

Castile and León

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Castile and León →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)1597,206 40.25 +4.4318 +4
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)527,551 35.55 –3.2414 –2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)189,194 12.75 –4.711 –3
United Left (IU)98,699 6.65 +4.150 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)12,348 0.83 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)9,684 0.65 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)8,597 0.58 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)7,971 0.54 +0.020 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)25,355 0.36 –0.730 ±0
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL)2,962 0.20 +0.030 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)2,697 0.18 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)2,172 0.15 –0.140 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)1,763 0.12 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)31,369 0.09 –0.020 ±0
Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL)1,199 0.08 –0.010 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)285 0.02 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.200 ±0
Blank ballots14,783 1.00 +0.10
Total1,483,835 33 –1
Valid votes1,483,835 98.90 +0.90
Invalid votes16,461 1.10 –0.90
Votes cast / turnout1,500,296 73.35 +0.54
Abstentions545,217 26.65 –0.54
Registered voters2,045,513
Sources

Castilla–La Mancha

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Castilla–La Mancha →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)466,964 47.96 +0.1712 ±0
People's Party (PP)1328,714 33.76 –1.058 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)75,298 7.73 –1.990 ±0
United Left (IU)67,727 6.96 +2.880 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)6,856 0.70 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)4,791 0.49 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)4,634 0.48 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)3,573 0.37 +0.060 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)22,681 0.28 –0.500 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,500 0.15 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1,297 0.13 –0.350 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)1,143 0.12 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)709 0.07 New0 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)681 0.07 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3560 0.06 –0.050 ±0
Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU)426 0.04 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.150 ±0
Blank ballots6,105 0.63 +0.02
Total973,659 20 ±0
Valid votes973,659 99.16 +0.60
Invalid votes8,209 0.84 –0.60
Votes cast / turnout981,868 76.44 +1.35
Abstentions302,642 23.56 –1.35
Registered voters1,284,510
Sources

Catalonia

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Catalonia →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE)1,123,975 35.59 –5.4120 –1
Convergence and Union (CiU)1,032,243 32.68 +0.6818 ±0
People's Party (PP)1336,015 10.64 –0.764 –2
Initiative for Catalonia (IC)2231,452 7.33 +3.423 +2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)136,518 4.32 +0.201 ±0
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)84,756 2.68 +0.010 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)37,942 1.20 New0 ±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC)31,966 1.01 –0.590 ±0
Green Alternative–Ecologist Movement of Catalonia (AV–MEC)25,978 0.82 +0.100 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (EVE)24,406 0.77 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (EV–LV)19,444 0.62 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)313,137 0.42 –0.150 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)12,322 0.39 +0.030 ±0
Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE)10,054 0.32 –0.050 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)46,435 0.20 +0.050 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)3,022 0.10 +0.020 ±0
Humanist Party of Catalonia (PHC)2,653 0.08 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)2,506 0.08 –0.030 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)1,662 0.05 +0.010 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)51,619 0.05 –0.060 ±0
Valencian Nationalist Left–Valencian Regional Union (ENV–URV)890 0.03 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))60 0.00 –0.110 ±0
Blank ballots19,252 0.61 +0.19
Total3,158,247 46 –1
Valid votes3,158,247 99.44 +0.29
Invalid votes17,660 0.56 –0.29
Votes cast / turnout3,175,907 67.62 –1.33
Abstentions1,521,105 32.38 +1.33
Registered voters4,697,012
Sources

Extremadura

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Extremadura →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)330,869 53.90 –1.987 ±0
People's Party (PP)1153,261 24.97 –1.764 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)58,443 9.52 +1.480 ±0
United Left (IU)42,166 6.87 +2.970 ±0
United Extremadura (EU)10,984 1.79 –0.880 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)3,618 0.59 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)2,196 0.36 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)1,944 0.32 +0.010 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)1,652 0.27 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)21,650 0.27 –0.440 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,542 0.25 New0 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)1,211 0.20 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)796 0.13 +0.040 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)318 0.05 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3266 0.04 –0.070 ±0
Blank ballots2,885 0.47 –0.05
Total613,801 11 ±0
Valid votes613,801 99.28 +0.52
Invalid votes4,464 0.72 –0.52
Votes cast / turnout618,265 75.57 +1.99
Abstentions199,878 24.43 –1.99
Registered voters818,143
Sources

Galicia

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Galicia →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)1519,168 39.02 –0.1714 +1
Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE)459,750 34.56 –1.2012 +1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)103,762 7.80 –0.771 –1
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)47,763 3.59 +1.480 ±0
Galician Coalition (CG)45,821 3.44 –2.800 –1
United Left (EU)43,645 3.28 +2.140 ±0
Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left (PSG–EG)34,131 2.57 –0.990 ±0
Galician Nationalist Party–Galicianist Party (PNG–PG)14,411 1.08 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)13,060 0.98 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)6,980 0.52 –0.120 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)6,549 0.49 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)5,793 0.44 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)25,280 0.40 –0.540 ±0
Galician People's Front (FPG)3,657 0.27 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Galician People (PCPG)1,801 0.14 New0 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)1,539 0.12 +0.010 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)1,503 0.11 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)1,482 0.11 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)1,429 0.11 –0.070 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)935 0.07 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3590 0.04 –0.040 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.170 ±0
Blank ballots11,339 0.85 +0.30
Total1,330,388 27 ±0
Valid votes1,330,388 98.87 +0.24
Invalid votes15,265 1.13 –0.24
Votes cast / turnout1,345,653 60.13 +2.24
Abstentions892,320 39.87 –2.24
Registered voters2,237,973
Sources

La Rioja

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)160,737 41.09 +1.872 ±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)58,678 39.70 –4.222 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)10,620 7.18 –2.900 ±0
United Left (IU)9,495 6.42 +4.420 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)1,893 1.28 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)1,823 1.23 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)848 0.57 New0 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)769 0.52 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2679 0.46 –0.570 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)271 0.18 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)220 0.15 –0.100 ±0
Blank ballots1,775 1.20 +0.28
Total147,808 4 ±0
Valid votes147,808 99.11 +1.07
Invalid votes1,326 0.89 –1.07
Votes cast / turnout149,134 72.04 –2.27
Abstentions57,875 27.96 +2.27
Registered voters207,009
Sources

Madrid

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Madrid →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)1919,357 34.22 +2.2512 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)899,723 33.49 –7.3212 –3
United Left (IU)414,392 15.42 +9.395 +3
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)295,189 10.99 –2.954 –1
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)30,495 1.14 +0.420 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)25,539 0.95 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)23,996 0.89 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)211,621 0.43 –2.040 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)8,427 0.31 –0.130 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)4,963 0.18 –0.100 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)3,657 0.14 –0.160 ±0
Regional Party of Madrid (PAM)3,396 0.13 New0 ±0
Group of Madrid Radicals (GRM)3,330 0.12 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)3,002 0.11 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)1,973 0.07 New0 ±0
Liberal and Social Democratic Coalition (CSD y L)1,888 0.07 New0 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)1,847 0.07 –0.010 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)31,632 0.06 ±0.000 ±0
Independent Citizen Group (ACI)1,359 0.05 New0 ±0
Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED)1,057 0.04 New0 ±0
Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE)975 0.04 New0 ±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI)827 0.03 New0 ±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)767 0.03 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.080 ±0
Blank ballots27,303 1.02 +0.06
Total2,686,715 33 ±0
Valid votes2,686,715 99.47 +1.18
Invalid votes14,227 0.53 –1.18
Votes cast / turnout2,700,942 72.72 –1.18
Abstentions1,012,999 27.28 +1.18
Registered voters3,713,941
Sources

Murcia

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Murcia →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)256,107 46.06 –2.795 ±0
People's Party (PP)1166,712 29.98 –4.353 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)57,634 10.36 +2.021 +1
United Left (IU)51,105 9.19 +4.670 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)6,253 1.12 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)3,905 0.70 New0 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)3,589 0.65 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)2,963 0.53 +0.160 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)1,602 0.29 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)21,557 0.28 –0.280 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)836 0.15 –0.130 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)633 0.11 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3547 0.10 –0.060 ±0
Blank ballots2,640 0.47 –0.02
Total556,083 9 +1
Valid votes556,083 99.33 +0.82
Invalid votes3,741 0.67 –0.82
Votes cast / turnout559,824 74.25 –0.41
Abstentions194,156 25.75 +0.41
Registered voters753,980
Sources

Navarre

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Navarre →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Navarrese People's Union–People's Party (UPN–PP)192,216 33.18 +3.553 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)86,677 31.19 –4.332 ±0
Popular Unity (HB)30,632 11.02 –2.890 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)19,538 7.03 –2.530 ±0
United Left (IU)15,979 5.75 +4.200 ±0
Basque Solidarity (EA)13,342 4.80 New0 ±0
Basque Country Left (EE)7,949 2.86 +0.060 ±0
Nationalists of Navarre (PNV–NV)2,562 0.92 –0.890 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)1,867 0.67 New0 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)1,541 0.55 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)1,105 0.40 –0.040 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2510 0.18 –0.390 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)333 0.12 New0 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3275 0.10 –0.030 ±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party of Spain (PORE)240 0.09 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)211 0.08 New0 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.160 ±0
Revolutionary Communist League–Communist Movement (LKI–EMK)50 0.00 ±0.000 ±0
Blank ballots2,960 1.06 +0.07
Total277,937 5 ±0
Valid votes277,937 99.21 +1.19
Invalid votes2,213 0.79 –1.19
Votes cast / turnout280,150 68.54 –1.26
Abstentions128,568 31.46 +1.26
Registered voters408,718
Sources

Valencian Community

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in the Valencian Community →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)878,377 41.46 –6.0316 –2
People's Party (PP)1572,101 27.00 –1.849 –1
United Left–United Left of the Valencian Country (IU–EU)192,201 9.07 +4.372 +2
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)166,231 7.85 –0.932 ±0
Valencian Union (UV)144,924 6.84 +3.762 +1
Valencian People's Union (UPV)40,767 1.92 ±0.000 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)35,813 1.69 +1.120 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)21,925 1.03 New0 ±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE)15,458 0.73 New0 ±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)212,948 0.61 –0.830 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)6,786 0.32 –0.090 ±0
Social Democratic Coalition (CSD)4,613 0.22 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)4,026 0.19 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)3,098 0.15 –0.090 ±0
Valencian Nationalist Left–Valencian Regional Union (ENV–URV)2,098 0.10 ±0.000 ±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)31,920 0.09 –0.020 ±0
Green Movement (MV)1,368 0.06 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)1,197 0.06 New0 ±0
Cantonalist Party of the Alicantine Country (Alicantón)1,041 0.05 New0 ±0
Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE)889 0.04 –0.100 ±0
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l))40 0.00 –0.150 ±0
Blank ballots11,024 0.52 +0.04
Total2,118,805 31 ±0
Valid votes2,118,805 99.43 +1.59
Invalid votes12,108 0.57 –1.59
Votes cast / turnout2,130,913 74.80 –1.60
Abstentions717,743 25.20 +1.60
Registered voters2,848,656
Sources

Autonomous cities

Ceuta

← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Ceuta →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)8,643 37.71 –7.521 ±0
People's Party (PP)17,855 34.27 –2.070 ±0
United Ceuta (CEU)2,760 12.04 New0 ±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)1,880 8.20 +0.230 ±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV)756 3.30 New0 ±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos)605 2.64 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)150 0.65 +0.170 ±0
Blank ballots270 1.18 +0.62
Total22,919 1 ±0
Valid votes22,919 99.08 +0.42
Invalid votes212 0.92 –0.42
Votes cast / turnout23,131 55.94 –0.76
Abstentions18,222 44.06 +0.76
Registered voters41,353
Sources

Melilla

The results of the 1989 general election in Melilla were declared void by the Spanish Supreme Court because of perceived irregularities in the ballot counting process and the initial vote tally awarding the district's only seat to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party being extremely close. A by-election was held on 25 March 1990, in which the district's seat was won by the People's Party by a wide margin, preventing the PSOE from commanding an overall majority in the Congress of Deputies.[11] [12]

Rerun vote
← Summary of the 25 March 1990 Congress of Deputies election results in Melilla →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)9,748 55.68 +16.281 +1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)6,741 38.50 –3.500 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)316 1.80 –6.640 ±0
Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla (PNEM)301 1.72 –5.340 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)130 0.74 +0.070 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)115 0.66 –0.390 ±0
Blank ballots157 0.90 –0.49
Total17,508 1 ±0
Valid votes17,508 99.29 +0.57
Invalid votes126 0.71 –0.57
Votes cast / turnout17,634 51.89 –6.06
Abstentions16,351 48.11 +6.06
Registered voters33,985
Sources
Annulled vote
← Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Melilla →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)8,178 42.00 +6.351 +1
People's Party (PP)17,671 39.40 –6.540 –1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)1,644 8.44 –2.780 ±0
Spanish Nationalist Party of Melilla (PNEM)1,374 7.06 New0 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)204 1.05 New0 ±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST)131 0.67 New0 ±0
Blank ballots270 1.39 –0.07
Total19,472 1 ±0
Valid votes19,472 98.72 –0.16
Invalid votes253 1.28 +0.16
Votes cast / turnout19,725 57.95 –2.03
Abstentions14,314 42.05 +2.03
Registered voters34,039
Sources[13]

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 29O/Elecciones Generales 1989 . . es . 6 March 2017.
  2. Web site: Elecciones Congreso. 29 de octubre de 1989 . . es . 8 February 2020.
  3. .
  4. .
  5. Web site: Gallagher . Michael . 30 July 2012 . Effective threshold in electoral systems . Trinity College, Dublin . 22 July 2017 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php . 30 July 2017.
  6. . 210 . 2 September 1989 . 28094 . 0212-033X . Real Decreto 1047/1989, de 1 de septiembre, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones . es.
  7. .
  8. .
  9. Web site: Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales . es . . 15 April 2022.
  10. Web site: Elecciones Generales 29 de octubre de 1989 . es . Historia Electoral.com . 21 October 2021.
  11. News: De la Cuadra . Bonifacio . 20 February 1990 . Melilla repetirá las elecciones legislativas . es . El País . Madrid . 8 March 2017.
  12. News: Grijelmo . Álex . 26 March 1990 . La derecha agrupó sus votos para vencer al PSOE . es . El País . Melilla . 9 March 2017.
  13. Web site: 1989 general election . 31 October 1989 . es . La Vanguardia . 24 September 2017.

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