Restrictions on TikTok in the United States explained

TikTok has sparked concerns over potential user data collection and influence operations by the Chinese government, leading to restrictions and bans in the United States.

Federal

In January 2020, the United States Army and Navy banned TikTok on government devices after the Defense Department labeled it a security risk. Before the policy change, army recruiters had been using the platform to attract young people. Unofficial promotional videos continue to be posted on TikTok under personal accounts, drawing the ire of government officials, but they have also helped boost the number of enlistees; several accounts have millions of views and followers.[1] [2] [3]

Biden administration

On June 9, 2021, the Biden Administration issued Executive Order 14034, "Protecting Americans' Sensitive Data from Foreign Adversaries" ("EO 14034").  EO 14034, overturning three Executive Orders signed by Donald Trump: Executive Order 13942, Executive Order 13943, and Executive Order 13971. Despite revoking these Executive Orders, the Biden Administration's EO 14304 has called upon other federal agencies to continue a broad review of foreign-owned applications set to continuously inform the President of the risk that the applications pose to personal data and national security.[4] The White House said that, "The Biden Administration is committed to promoting an open, interoperable, reliable, and secure Internet; protecting human rights online and offline; and supporting a vibrant, global digital economy."[5]

In December 2022, Senator Marco Rubio and representatives Mike Gallagher and Raja Krishnamoorthi introduced the Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act (ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act), which would prohibit Chinese- and Russian-owned social networks from doing business in the United States.[6] [7]

On December 30, 2022, President Joe Biden signed the No TikTok on Government Devices Act, prohibiting the use of the app on devices owned by the federal government, with some exceptions.[8] Days after the Biden administration called on ByteDance, which owns TikTok, to sell the platform or face a ban, law enforcement officials disclosed that an investigation into TikTok was taking place. On March 17, 2023, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) officially launched an investigation of TikTok, including allegations that the company spied on American journalists.[9]

On January 25, 2023, Missouri Senator Josh Hawley introduced a bill to ban the platform nationwide. It was later blocked in the Senate by a forced vote on 29 March 2023.

In February and March 2023, the DATA Act and the RESTRICT Act were both introduced in the House of Representatives and Senate, respectively. The DATA Act, introduced on February 24 by Michael McCaul, aimed to ban selling non-public personal data to third-party buyers.[10] On March 7, Senator Mark Warner introduced the RESTRICT Act: if passed, it would give the Secretary of Commerce authority to review business transactions made by IT service and product vendors tied to designated "foreign adversaries" if they present an undue threat to national security, and have more than one million active users in the United States. The legislation would allow for the enforcement of orders and other mitigation measures, which could include mandatory divestment, or being prohibited from doing business in the United States.[11]

On March 13, 2024, the United States House of Representatives passed the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act (H.R. 7521) with largely bipartisan support from Democrat and Republican-party representatives.[12] [13] It would ban operations related to the app completely within the country unless ByteDance makes a qualified divestiture as determined by the US president.[14] After modifications, the act passed the House again[15] [16] and the United States Senate[17] before it was signed into law by Joe Biden on April 24, 2024. The earliest the ban could go into effect if not sold would be January 19, 2025. An additional 90 days could be issued on the deadline.[18]

States

Employee and university bans

As of April 2023,[19] [20] at least 34 out of 50 states have announced or enacted bans on state government agencies, employees, and contractors using TikTok on government-issued devices. State bans only affect government employees and do not prohibit civilians from having or using the app on their personal devices.

StateDateSource
AlabamaDecember 13, 2022[21]
AlaskaJanuary 6, 2023[22]
ArizonaApril 5, 2023[23]
ArkansasJanuary 10, 2023[24]
DelawareJanuary 19, 2023[25]
FloridaAugust 11, 2020[26]
GeorgiaDecember 15, 2022[27]
IdahoDecember 14, 2022[28]
IndianaDecember 7, 2022[29]
IowaDecember 13, 2022[30]
KansasDecember 28, 2022[31]
KentuckyJanuary 12, 2023[32] [33]
LouisianaDecember 19, 2022[34]
MaineJanuary 19, 2023[35]
MarylandDecember 6, 2022[36]
MichiganMarch 1, 2023[37]
MississippiJanuary 11, 2023[38]
MontanaDecember 16, 2022[39]
NebraskaAugust 12, 2020[40]
NevadaMarch 28, 2023[41]
New HampshireDecember 15, 2022
New JerseyJanuary 9, 2023[42]
North CarolinaJanuary 12, 2023[43]
North DakotaDecember 13, 2022[44]
OhioJanuary 8, 2023[45]
OklahomaDecember 8, 2022[46]
OregonJuly 24, 2023[47] [48]
South CarolinaDecember 5, 2022[49] [50]
South DakotaNovember 29, 2022[51]
TennesseeDecember 10, 2022[52]
TexasDecember 7, 2022[53]
UtahDecember 12, 2022[54]
VermontFebruary 20, 2023[55]
VirginiaDecember 16, 2022[56]
WisconsinJanuary 12, 2023[57]
WyomingDecember 15, 2022[58]

Schools

Some public universities have also banned TikTok on campus Wi-Fi and university-owned computers. These include, but are not limited to:

Attempted public bans

Montana

On April 14, 2023, Montana became the first state to pass legislation banning TikTok on all personal devices operating within state lines, and barring app stores from offering TikTok for download.[69] [70] [71] Governor Greg Gianforte signed the bill, Senate Bill (SB) 419, into law on May 17,[72] [73] claiming he had banned TikTok "to protect Montanans’ personal and private data from the Chinese Communist Party."[74] The law was scheduled to take effect in January 2024. However, Montana content creators filed suit against the state once the bill was signed.[75] [76] The creators' lawsuit is financed and directed by TikTok, with law firm Davis Wright Tremaine representing them.[77]

The ban was blocked by US District Judge Donald W. Molloy on December 1, 2023, as he stated the ban "infringes on the Constitutional right of users and businesses". Due to the block, the ban did not come into effect as planned.[78] On January 2, 2024, Montana filed a notice to appeal the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.[79]

Groups such as the ACLU and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) opposed the ban, stating it constituted "censorship" and "would set an alarming precedent for excessive government control over how Montanans use the internet."[80] Lobbying group NetChoice argued that the ban is an unconstitutional bill of attainder and also violates the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment.[81] Hours after the bill was signed into law, five TikTok creators filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Montana against the state. A spokeswoman for Montana Attorney General Austin Knudsen said that the state is "fully prepared to defend the law".[82] In a preliminary ruling November 30, 2023, federal judge Donald Molloy blocked the law citing constitutional concerns.[83] Specifically, Judge Molloy wrote that "the State fails to show how SB 419 is constitutionally permissible."[84] [85]

The law faces technical restrictions. The App Store and Google Play Store track users by country, not by state, and would need to define the behavior when a user crosses state lines. While Apple and Google may be able to use IP addresses to track device locations, users may be able to use a virtual private network (VPN) to circumvent the restriction. If these app stores are found to be hosting TikTok for Montana users, violators could face fines of $10,000 per day.[86] TikTok has stated that it would need to collect data from users in order to comply with the bill.[87]

Other

In July 2020, Wells Fargo banned the app from company devices due to privacy and security concerns.[88]

In August 2023, New York City banned TikTok on government-owned devices for security reasons.[89]

Reactions

Opinion polling

A July 2020 poll from Morning Consult, with 2,200 surveyed, found that 29% of American adults supported a TikTok ban, 33% opposed one, and 38% had no opinion.[90] An August 2020 poll from Reuters/Ipsos, surveying 1,349, had 40% supporting Trump's move to ban the app, 30% opposed, and 30% uncertain.[91]

A December 2022 poll from Rasmussen Reports, surveying 1,000 likely U.S. voters, found that 68% supported proposals to federally ban TikTok, with 43% strongly supporting a ban. Conversely, 24% surveyed were opposed, including 12% who strongly opposed.[92]

A March 2023 poll from The Washington Post, surveying 1,027 American adults, found that 41% supported the federal government banning TikTok, while 25% remain opposed to a ban.[93] Another March poll, from Pew Research Center, found twice as many adult Americans support the U.S. government's ban on TikTok as oppose it (50% vs. 22%), though a significant portion (28%) remain unsure.[94]

A December 2023 poll from Pew Research Center found 38% in favor of a ban, reflecting a decrease among Republicans even amid renewed efforts by their party leaders to ban the app.[95]

A February 2024 poll by the Associated Press and NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found 31% of the respondents were in favor of a nationwide ban of TikTok, while 35% said they were opposed to it. Overall 56% said they supported a limited ban on government devices.[96]

An April 2024 poll by Reuters/Ipsos found that a majority of Americans believe that TikTok is used by the Chinese government to influence public opinion.[97]

Company response

TikTok began working on Project Texas after 2020 to address data concerns from the US government.[98] From 2019 to 2024, TikTok and ByteDance combined spent $27 million on lobbying in the United States, including their hire of SKDK, a public affairs firm, in 2023 according to Politico.[99] [100] Reuters reported that according to its sources, if all legal methods to block the April 2024 ban are exhausted, ByteDance would prefer to shut down TikTok than sell it with its core algorithm, which is also subject to China's export control.[101] On May 7, 2024, ByteDance and TikTok filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to overturn the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act.[102] [103]

Industry response

Some advertisers increased their spending on TikTok in 2023. Edward East, CEO of marketing agency Billion Dollar Boy, stated that instead of being intimidated by a potential ban, the industry is seeing an increase in brand investment through TikTok.[104]

In May 2024, trade association NetChoice removed TikTok as a member after facing pressures and potential investigations by US lawmakers. NetChoice had previously defended TikTok.[105]

Following the passing of the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, eight TikTok content creators sued the United States government on May 14, 2024, in United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in an effort to overturn the act; the choice of venue was due to a provision in the act making it the "exclusive jurisdiction" for legal challenges of the act.[106]

Chinese government response

In March 2024, a spokesperson for Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China said the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act was putting the U.S. on "the opposite side of the principle of fair competition and international economic and trade rules."[107] Representatives from the Embassy of China in Washington, D.C. met with U.S. congressional staffers to lobby against the bill.[108] The Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party also instructed the country's state media outlets to increase positive coverage of ByteDance, although overall Beijing's response seems to be muted so far.[109]

Criticism

Bans and attempted bans in the United States have drawn objections citing hypocrisy, protectionism, and not addressing user data privacy in general. Lawmakers making allegations against TikTok fail to mention that the United States itself surveils non-US nationals under Section 702 of FISA.[110] The types of data collected by TikTok are also collected by other social media platforms and sold through brokers to private buyers and reportedly government agencies as well, without oversight. A researcher at Georgia Tech's Internet Governance Project is concerned that Washington's attempt to protect the US market could backfire.[110] Some researchers from the Citizen Lab and the Center for Strategic and International Studies stated that user information in general should be protected, not just focusing on one platform.[111] [112] There has been no public evidence of American TikTok user data being accessed by the Chinese government.[113] [114] [115] Critics have also labeled a potential ban on the app an assault on freedom of speech, including congressmen Rand Paul and Thomas Massie.[116] [117]

See also

Notes and References

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  2. News: Kelly. Makena. The Army is in hot water over TikTok recruiting activity. 14 December 2021. The Verge. September 5, 2023. June 24, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230624035021/https://www.theverge.com/2021/12/14/22834405/tiktok-army-marco-rubio-ban-report-government-personal-devices. live.
  3. News: Sung. Morgan. TikTok-famous 'Island Boys' promote Army recruitment in Cameo. 25 January 2022. NBC News. September 5, 2023. June 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602150237/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/viral/tiktok-famous-island-boys-promote-army-recruitment-cameo-rcna13347. live.
  4. Web site: Brown. Abram. Let's Talk About What Biden Just Did With Trump's TikTok Ban. 2021-11-26. Forbes. en. 2021-11-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20211126044249/https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2021/06/09/lets-talk-about-what-biden-just-did-with-trumps-tiktok-ban/. live.
  5. Web site: Biden reverses Trump's effort to ban TikTok, orders broader review of foreign-owned apps. 2021-11-26. NBC News. June 9, 2021 . en. 2021-11-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20211126044248/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-reverses-trump-s-effort-ban-tiktok-orders-broader-review-n1270133. live.
  6. Web site: Feiner . Lauren . 13 December 2022 . Lawmakers unveil bipartisan bill that aims to ban TikTok in the U.S. . 13 December 2022 . CNBC . en . September 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928050911/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/13/lawmakers-unveil-bipartisan-bill-that-aims-to-ban-tiktok-in-the-us.html . live .
  7. Web site: Oshin . Olafimihan . 13 December 2022 . Lawmakers introduce bill to ban TikTok in US . 13 December 2022 . The Hill . en-US . June 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230604021049/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3773695-lawmakers-introduce-bill-to-ban-tiktok-in-us/ . live .
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  9. Web site: March 17, 2023 . The DOJ and FBI are investigating TikTok over allegations that employees spied on journalists . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230322205539/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/doj-fbi-are-investigating-tiktok-allegations-employees-spied-journalis-rcna75497 . March 22, 2023 . 2023-03-20 . . en.
  10. Web site: Text - H.R.1165 - 118th Congress (2023-2024): Data Privacy Act of 2023 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress. March 23, 2023. March 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323163331/https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1165/text. live.
  11. Web site: Brown . Elizabeth Nolan . 2023-03-29 . Could the RESTRICT Act Criminalize the Use of VPNs? . 2023-03-30 . Reason.com . en-US . June 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602045927/https://reason.com/2023/03/29/could-the-restrict-act-criminalize-the-use-of-vpns/ . live .
  12. News: Biden Backs Effort to Force Sale of TikTok by Chinese Owners . subscription . 2024-03-09 . . en-US . March 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240316013408/https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/biden-backs-effort-to-force-sale-of-tiktok-by-chinese-owners-ba989656 . live .
  13. Web site: 13 March 2024 . House passes bill that could lead to a TikTok ban; fight shifts to the Senate . 13 March 2024 . . March 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240315200442/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/13/house-passes-bill-that-could-lead-to-a-tiktok-ban-fight-shifts-to-the-senate.html . live .
  14. Web site: H.R.7521 - Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act . Congress.gov . March 19, 2024 . March 19, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240319054934/https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7521 . live .
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  19. News: Maheshwari . Sapna . January 15, 2023 . Auburn Banned TikTok, and Students Can't Stop Talking About It . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-01-15 . 0362-4331 . 2023-01-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230115100745/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/15/business/auburn-tiktok-ban-students.html . live .
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  22. News: Alaska bans the use of TikTok on state-owned devices. Anchorage Daily News. January 6, 2023. February 21, 2023. February 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221010749/https://www.adn.com/politics/2023/01/06/alaska-bans-the-use-of-tiktok-on-state-owned-devices/. live.
  23. News: Arizona Gov. Hobbs bans TikTok on state devices. Fox 10 Phoenix. 5 April 2023. April 6, 2023. April 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230406014240/https://www.fox10phoenix.com/news/arizona-gov-hobbs-bans-tiktok-on-state-devices. live.
  24. News: Laco. Kelly. Sarah Huckabee Sanders bans TikTok on state devices in first move as Arkansas governor. Fox News. January 10, 2023. January 10, 2023. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110202723/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sarah-huckabee-sanders-bans-tiktok-state-devices-first-move-arkansas-governor. live.
  25. News: Delaware bans the use of TikTok on state devices due to cybersecurity concerns. Delaware Online. January 19, 2023. February 22, 2023. March 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302034357/https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/politics/2023/02/09/delaware-bans-tiktok-on-state-devices/69888579007/. live.
  26. News: Adams. Andrew. Updated: Where Is TikTok Banned? Tracking State by State. GovTech. December 14, 2022. December 15, 2022. December 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221215105547/https://www.govtech.com/biz/data/where-is-tiktok-banned-tracking-the-action-state-by-state. live.
  27. News: Amy. Jeff. Georgia, NH latest states to ban TikTok from state computers. Associated Press. December 15, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 29, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221229115923/https://apnews.com/article/technology-georgia-8e62e34976ef070a9e24305248981684. live.
  28. News: Gov. Little bans TikTok on state-issued devices. East Idaho News. December 14, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221222061808/https://www.eastidahonews.com/2022/12/gov-little-bans-tiktok-on-state-issued-devices/. live.
  29. News: WTHR. TikTok blocked from Indiana state devices. December 30, 2022. January 3, 2023. January 3, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230103041406/https://www.wthr.com/article/news/local/indiana-blocks-chinese-owned-app-tiktok-from-state-devices-social-media/531-7bb0ccc2-29b2-47bb-a1be-71aa836b03b3. live.
  30. News: Halawith. Liam. Gov. Kim Reynolds bans TikTok on state-owned devices. The Daily Iowan. December 14, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 28, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221228072922/https://dailyiowan.com/2022/12/14/governor-kim-reynolds-bans-tiktok-on-state-owned-devices/. live.
  31. News: Hanna. John. EXPLAINER: Kansas' Democratic governor imposes TikTok ban. ABC News. December 28, 2022. January 2, 2023. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102225341/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/explainer-kansas-democratic-governor-imposes-tiktok-ban-95897367. live.
  32. Web site: Divya Karthikeyan . January 16, 2023 . TikTok banned from Kentucky government devices . January 20, 2023 . . January 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230120141204/https://www.wkms.org/government-politics/2023-01-16/tiktok-banned-from-kentucky-government-devices . live .
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  34. News: Associated Press. Louisiana's secretary of state bans TikTok on devices issued by Department of State. Fox News. December 20, 2022. January 1, 2023. January 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230101215247/https://www.foxnews.com/us/louisianas-secretary-state-bans-tiktok-devices-issued-department-state. live.
  35. News: Maine is the latest state to ban TikTok for state workers. Associated Press. January 19, 2023. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230120213153/https://apnews.com/article/politics-maine-state-government-china-business-734ce1f1abde9c3b2a9c8172c6763d01. live.
  36. News: Oshin . Olafimihan . Hogan orders TikTok ban for Maryland government employees . December 8, 2022 . The Hill . December 6, 2022 . December 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207235144/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3764025-hogan-orders-tiktok-ban-for-maryland-government-employees/ . live .
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  39. News: Michels. Holly K.. Montana bans TikTok on state devices. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. December 16, 2022. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112221749/https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/state_government/montana-bans-tiktok-on-state-devices/article_63389eb4-bf8e-50d1-b97a-cc021d06cd1d.html. live.
  40. News: KETV. Governor of Nebraska to ban TikTok from state electronic devices. KETV. August 12, 2020. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230120150449/https://www.ketv.com/amp/article/governor-of-nebraska-to-ban-tiktok-from-state-electronic-devices/33584403. live.
  41. Web site: Nevada bans TikTok on government devices. March 29, 2023. Mike. Allen. April 22, 2023. April 22, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230422141149/https://www.kdrv.com/news/national/nevada-bans-tiktok-on-government-devices/article_03e9903f-9fd7-553f-8ddb-9d6e82fec880.html. live.
  42. Web site: Neukam . Stephen . January 9, 2023 . NJ governor bans TikTok on state devices . 2023-01-09 . The Hill . en-US . 2023-01-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230109203027/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3805699-nj-governor-bans-tiktok-on-state-devices/ . live .
  43. News: WBTV Web Staff. N.C. Gov. Cooper signs executive order initiating ban of TikTok, WeChat from state devices. WBTV. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112221104/https://www.wbtv.com/2023/01/12/nc-gov-roy-cooper-signs-executive-order-initiating-ban-tiktok-wechat-state-devices/. live.
  44. News: Musto. Julia. North Dakota governor bans TikTok app in executive branch agencies. Fox Business. December 14, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 27, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221227232153/https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/north-dakota-governor-bans-tiktok-app-executive-agencies. live.
  45. Web site: Sforza . Lauren . January 9, 2023 . Ohio joins list of states banning TikTok on government electronic devices . 2023-01-09 . The Hill . en-US . 2023-01-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230109203814/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3805512-ohio-joins-list-of-states-banning-tiktok-on-government-electronic-devices/ . live .
  46. News: Love . Ryan . Oklahoma Gov. Stitt bans TikTok on government devices . December 8, 2022 . . December 8, 2022 . December 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221208225217/https://www.kjrh.com/news/local-news/oklahoma-gov-stitt-bans-tiktok-on-government-devices . live .
  47. Web site: Desaulniers . Robert . 2023-06-22 . Oregon Senate unanimously passes ban on TikTok on government-owned devices . 2024-02-29 . NewsWatch 12 KDRV . en . February 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229224832/https://www.kdrv.com/news/oregon-senate-unanimously-passes-ban-on-tiktok-on-government-owned-devices/article_cb120923-e825-5f97-90ce-68523ae55755.html . live .
  48. Web site: HB3127 2023 Regular Session - Oregon Legislative Information System . 2024-02-29 . olis.oregonlegislature.gov . February 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229224832/https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2023R1/Measures/Overview/HB3127 . live .
  49. News: Brams. Sophie. South Carolina governor requests TikTok ban on state government devices. WBTW News. December 5, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221216060023/https://www.wbtw.com/news/state-regional-news/south-carolina-governor-requests-tiktok-ban-on-state-government-devices/. live.
  50. News: TikTok off-limits for South Carolina employees on state devices, governor says. December 5, 2022. WYFF. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112223831/https://www.wyff4.com/article/tiktok-south-carolina-employees-state-devices/42157146. live.
  51. Web site: Gov. Noem Signs Executive Order Banning TikTok. South Dakota State News. November 29, 2022. 2022-11-30. 2022-11-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20221130000559/https://news.sd.gov/newsitem.aspx?id=31872. live.
  52. News: Roush. Ty. Senate Approves Bill Banning TikTok From Federal Devices As GOP Campaign Against Social Media App Grows. Forbes. December 15, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 16, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221216062039/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tylerroush/2022/12/15/senate-approves-bill-banning-tiktok-from-federal-devices-as-gop-campaign-against-social-media-app-grows/?sh=6c5336cf16d7. live.
  53. News: NBCDFW Staff . TikTok Banned on State-Issued Devices in Texas . 2022-12-08 . NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth . en-US . 2022-12-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221208000059/https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/texas-news/gov-abbott-bans-tiktok-on-state-issued-laptops-phones-and-other-devices/3143349/ . live .
  54. News: Oshin. Olafimihan. Utah governor orders TikTok ban for state government employees. The Hill. December 12, 2022. January 1, 2023. January 9, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230109195659/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3772150-utah-governor-orders-tiktok-ban-for-state-government-employees/. live.
  55. News: Vermont state government bans TikTok on its devices. VTDigger. February 20, 2023. February 21, 2023. February 21, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221010758/https://vtdigger.org/2023/02/20/vermont-state-government-bans-tiktok-on-its-devices/. live.
  56. News: Gans. Jared. Youngkin joins GOP governors in banning TikTok on state devices, wireless networks. The Hill. December 16, 2022. January 1, 2023. December 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221221212633/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3778557-youngkin-joins-gop-governors-in-banning-tiktok-on-state-devices-wireless-networks/. live.
  57. News: Andrea. Lawrence. Gov. Tony Evers issues order banning TikTok on most state-issued devices. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. March 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302034355/https://www.ujsonline.com/story/news/politics/2023/01/12/tony-evers-issues-order-banning-tiktok-on-some-state-issued-devices/69803482007/. live.
  58. News: Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon Bans TikTok On All State Owned Devices. Cowboy State Daily. December 15, 2022. February 22, 2023. February 22, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222203602/https://cowboystatedaily.com/2022/12/15/wyoming-gov-mark-gordon-bans-tiktok-on-all-state-owned-devices/. live.
  59. Web site: ASU bans TikTok from university devices. April 3, 2023. Tanet. John. 12News. April 7, 2023. April 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230407014647/https://www.12news.com/article/news/local/valley/arizona-state-university-tiktok-ban/75-4d4560f2-ec2e-4802-bdff-2518c8ad67d7. live.
  60. News: Castillo. Evans. These Colleges Just Banned TikTok. Best Colleges. January 31, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230201151311/https://www.bestcolleges.com/news/these-colleges-just-banned-tiktok/. February 1, 2023.
  61. News: Cope. Emily. Public universities across the country ban CCP-influenced TikTok. The College Fix. January 11, 2023. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112225617/https://www.thecollegefix.com/public-universities-across-the-country-ban-ccp-influenced-tiktok/. live.
  62. News: Clemson University bans TikTok on campus network. WLTX. July 10, 2023. July 10, 2023. December 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223175305/https://www.wltx.com/article/news/local/clemson-university-tiktok-ban/101-1a540af5-690e-4f19-b852-25b47fa15cfb. live.
  63. News: Tolentino. Daysia. These are all the public universities that have instituted TikTok bans. NBC News. January 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230204073541/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tiktok-bans-public-universities-list-rcna66185. February 4, 2023.
  64. News: Purdue blocks TikTok on school network . March 28, 2023 . March 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328195117/https://www.purdueexponent.org/campus/article_0c232b6a-cd92-11ed-90fe-cf240554b2d5.html . live .
  65. Web site: U of A, other Arizona universities ban TikTok. Kathryn. Palmer. Apr 4, 2023. tucson.com. April 8, 2023. April 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230408231702/https://tucson.com/news/local/u-of-a-other-arizona-universities-ban-tiktok/article_58489606-d314-11ed-b385-d72af444307f.html. live.
  66. News: Ketterer. Samantha. UH System schools remove TikTok from employees' government devices after Abbott ban. Houston Chronicle. December 20, 2022. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112225607/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/education/article/tik-tok-UH-system-government-devices-17666918.php. live.
  67. News: Richmond. Todd. EXPLAINER: University of Wisconsin latest to ban TikTok. January 24, 2023. Associated Press. January 15, 2023. January 15, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230115191642/https://apnews.com/article/technology-politics-united-states-government-china-privacy-26b0ee0d4c8421fa7f58b06f76651dc1. live.
  68. News: Kelly. Samantha Murphy. Some universities are now restricting TikTok access on campus. CNN. December 22, 2022. January 12, 2023. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112224945/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/22/tech/tiktok-universities/index.html. live.
  69. Web site: Fung. Brian. Montana lawmakers vote to completely ban TikTok in the state. CNN Business. 14 April 2023. 14 April 2023. April 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230414215743/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/14/tech/montana-house-tiktok-ban/index.html. live.
  70. Web site: McCabe. David. Montana Legislature Approves Outright Ban of TikTok. The New York Times. 14 April 2023. 14 April 2023. April 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230414215023/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/14/technology/montana-tiktok-ban-passed.html. live.
  71. Web site: Michels. Holly. Montana Legislature passes TikTok ban. Billings Gazette. 14 April 2023. 14 April 2023. April 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230414230435/https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/montana-legislature-passes-tiktok-ban/article_af21804c-52d9-52ea-b5fc-748a0bcbd239.html. live.
  72. News: Hanson. Amy Beth. Hadero. Haleluya. Montana says 1st-in-nation TikTok ban protects people. TikTok says it violates their rights. Associated Press. 17 May 2023. May 18, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517225431/https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-ban-montana-325a33578a2bbfbe53e9c251d528c5fb. live.
  73. News: Marino . Michael . June 2, 2023 . TikTok Banned in Montana . 2 . Yellowstone County News.
  74. Web site: Delouya . Samantha . 2023-05-17 . Montana governor bans TikTok CNN Business . 2023-05-18 . CNN . en . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518045453/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/17/tech/montana-governor-tiktok/index.html . live .
  75. https://www.reuters.com/legal/tiktok-users-file-lawsuit-block-montana-ban-2023-05-18/ TikTok users file lawsuit to block Montana ban
  76. https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/18/tech/tiktok-montana-lawsuit/index.html TikTok creators sue Montana over app ban
  77. News: Maheshwari . Sapna . 2023-06-27 . After Montana Banned TikTok, Users Sued. TikTok Is Footing Their Bill. . en-US . . 2023-06-29 . 0362-4331 . June 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629031735/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/27/business/media/tiktok-ban-montana-lawsuit-funding.html . live .
  78. News: Hanson . Amy Beth . Montana's first-in-the-nation ban on TikTok blocked by judge who says it's unconstitutional . 1 December 2023 . AP News . 30 November 2023 . en . December 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231201061134/https://apnews.com/article/montana-tiktok-ban-25c561396e85fee8926309daf4ad4b4f . live .
  79. Web site: Shepardson . David . January 2, 2024 . Montana appealing ruling that blocked state from barring TikTok use . January 27, 2024 . reuters.com . January 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240117135620/https://www.reuters.com/legal/montana-appealing-ruling-that-blocked-state-barring-tiktok-use-2024-01-03/ . live .
  80. Web site: Coalition Letter Opposing Montana House Bill That Would Ban TikTok . 2023-12-11 . American Civil Liberties Union . en-US . December 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231211234850/https://www.aclu.org/documents/coalition-letter-opposing-montana-house-bill-that-would-ban-tiktok . live .
  81. Web site: Robertson . Adi . May 17, 2023 . TikTok is now banned in Montana . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517224933/https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/17/23686294/montana-tiktok-ban-signed-governor-gianforte-court . May 17, 2023 . May 17, 2023 . The Verge.
  82. Web site: Fung . Brian . May 18, 2023 . TikTok creators sue Montana over app ban . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518220152/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/18/tech/tiktok-montana-lawsuit/index.html . May 18, 2023 . May 18, 2023 . CNN.
  83. News: Vanian . Jonathan . Federal judge blocks Montana's TikTok ban, which would have been the first of its kind . 4 December 2023 . CNBC . 30 November 2023 . en . December 4, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231204062024/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/01/federal-judge-blocks-montanas-tiktok-ban-which-would-have-been-the-first-of-its-kind.html . live .
  84. News: Marino . Michael . December 8, 2023 . Court Blocks Montana TikTok Ban from Taking Effect . 11 . Yellowstone County News.
  85. Web site: Molloy . Donald . Donald W. Molloy . November 30, 2023 . Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction – #115 in TikTok Inc. v. Knudsen . . . January 31, 2024 . January 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131103605/https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.mtd.73544/gov.uscourts.mtd.73544.115.0_3.pdf . live .
  86. Web site: Delouya . Samantha . 2023-05-17 . Montana governor bans TikTok CNN Business . 2023-05-21 . CNN . en . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518045453/https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/17/tech/montana-governor-tiktok/index.html . live .
  87. News: Harwell . Drew . May 19, 2023 . Montana can ban TikTok, but it probably can't enforce it . May 19, 2023 . The Washington Post.
  88. News: Levitt . Hannah . 11 July 2020 . Wells Fargo Tells Workers to Remove TikTok App From Work Phones . Bloomberg News . live . 11 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200711063344/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-11/wells-fargo-tells-workers-to-remove-tiktok-app-from-work-phones . 11 July 2020.
  89. News: Singh . Kanishka . 2023-08-17 . New York City bans TikTok on government-owned devices over security concerns . en . . 2023-08-18 . August 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230818035407/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-city-bans-tiktok-government-owned-devices-over-security-concerns-2023-08-16/ . live .
  90. News: Piacenza. Public Divided on TikTok Ban as U.S. Considers Clampdown on Chinese Social Media Apps. Morning Consult. July 9, 2020. January 2, 2023. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102230737/https://morningconsult.com/2020/07/09/tiktok-ban-china-poll/. live.
  91. News: Satter. Raphael. Khan. Chris. Forty percent of Americans back Trump executive order on TikTok: Reuters/Ipsos poll. Reuters. August 31, 2020. January 2, 2023. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102230740/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tiktok-poll/forty-percent-of-americans-back-trump-executive-order-on-tiktok-reuters-ipsos-poll-idUSKBN25R18O?il=0. live.
  92. News: TikTok: Most Voters Support Ban Amid Chinese Spying Concerns. Rasmussen Reports. December 9, 2022. January 2, 2023. January 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102230741/https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/biden_administration/tiktok_most_voters_support_ban_amid_chinese_spying_concerns. live.
  93. News: Mueller. Julia. More than 40 percent of Americans support banning TikTok: poll. The Hill. 22 February 2023. March 23, 2023. March 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323011317/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/3913503-more-than-40-percent-of-americans-support-banning-tiktok-poll/. live.
  94. News: Laura. Silver. Laura. Clancy. By more than two-to-one, Americans support U.S. government banning TikTok. Pew Research Center. March 31, 2023. April 1, 2023. April 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230402014419/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2023/03/31/by-a-more-than-two-to-one-margin-americans-support-us-government-banning-tiktok/. live.
  95. News: Harwell . Drew . Support for TikTok ban crumbles, even among Republicans . Washington Post . 14 December 2023 . March 14, 2024 . December 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231213210415/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/12/12/tik-tok-ban-pew-survey/ . live .
  96. News: Hadero . Halelyua . Americans divided on TikTok ban even as Biden campaign joins the app, AP-NORC poll shows . Associated Press News . 16 February 2024 . en . March 14, 2024 . March 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240314022307/https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-ban-biden-bytedance-china-2acbaeb71e8bb0c6341f2bc55ba33e80 . live .
  97. News: Lange . Jason . Shepardson . David . May 1, 2024 . Most Americans see TikTok as a Chinese influence tool, Reuters/Ipsos poll finds . May 1, 2024 . Reuters.
  98. Web site: Perault . Matt . Sacks . Samm . Project Texas: The Details of TikTok's Plan to Remain Operational in the United States . 26 January 2023 . Lawfare . September 10, 2023 . September 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230906162242/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/project-texas-the-details-of-tiktok-s-plan-to-remain-operational-in-the-united-states . live .
  99. News: Lippman . Daniel . 9 March 2023 . TikTok hires Biden-connected firm as it finds itself under D.C.'s microscope . . 11 March 2023 . November 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231108130245/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/09/tiktok-biden-firm-dc-skdk-00086408 . live .
  100. News: Bordelon . Brendan . April 24, 2024 . 'Lost touch with reality': How TikTok's vaunted lobbying operation went wrong . April 25, 2024 . . April 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240425025418/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/24/tiktok-china-lobbying-washington-00154232 . live .
  101. News: Wu . Kane . Zhu . Julie . April 25, 2024 . ByteDance prefers TikTok shutdown in US if legal options fail, sources say . April 25, 2024 . Reuters.
  102. Web site: Spangler . Todd . 2024-05-07 . TikTok Sues U.S. Government Over Law That Would Ban App, Alleges It's 'Obviously Unconstitutional' . 2024-05-08 . Variety . en-US.
  103. Web site: Allyn . Bobby . 2024-05-07 . TikTok challenges U.S. ban in court, calling it unconstitutional . 2024-05-08 . NPR.
  104. News: Murphy . Hannah . 2023 . Brands increase TikTok spending despite threat of US ban . subscription . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230821095325/https://www.ft.com/content/b91aceb7-3416-4f52-b9de-66988c6c8b0c . August 21, 2023 . April 10, 2023 . .
  105. News: Oprysko . Caitlin . Lippman . Daniel . Bordelon . Brendan . May 9, 2024 . NetChoice boots TikTok . May 9, 2024 . Politico.
  106. News: Lorenz . Taylor . Taylor Lorenz . Harwell . Drew . May 14, 2024 . TikTok creators sue U.S. government over potential ban . subscription . July 20, 2024 . The Washington Post.
  107. Web site: Foran . Claire . Fung . Brian . Talbot . Haley . March 13, 2024 . House passes bill that could ban TikTok despite resistance from Trump . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240314074905/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/13/politics/house-vote-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html . March 14, 2024 . March 14, 2024 . . en.
  108. News: Fuchs . Hailey . April 17, 2024 . Chinese diplomats are quietly meeting with Hill staffers about TikTok . April 17, 2024 . . April 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418032933/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/17/china-lobbying-tiktok-congress-00152819 . live .
  109. News: Lin . Liza . Chun Han . Wong . April 26, 2024 . Why China Is Holding Its Fire as U.S. Moves to Ban TikTok . subscription . 2024-04-26 . . en-US . The Communist Party’s propaganda department, which regularly sends reporting guidelines to state-owned media outlets, recently instructed such media to amp up their reporting on TikTok’s U.S. woes in favor of ByteDance, according to people familiar with the matter..
  110. Web site: Hale . Erin . US says China can spy with TikTok. It spies on world with Google . 22 May 2023 . Al Jazeera . en . September 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230913174757/https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/3/28/bid-to-ban-tiktok-raises-hypocrisy-charge-amid-global-spying . live.
  111. News: Chin . Caitlin . 6 October 2022 . U.S. Digital Privacy Troubles Do Not Start or End with TikTok . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230606015952/https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-digital-privacy-troubles-do-not-start-or-end-tiktok . June 6, 2023 . September 10, 2023 . . In recent years, government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Special Operations Command, Internal Revenue Service, and Defense Intelligence Agency have reportedly purchased massive amounts of U.S. mobile app geolocation information from data brokers—without warrants or proper oversight. Furthermore, U.S. private companies, such as Clearview AI, Palantir, and Giant Oak have collectively scanned billions of social media posts—which could include TikTok content..
  112. News: Fung . Brian . 21 March 2023 . Lawmakers say TikTok is a national security threat, but evidence remains unclear . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230925004926/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/21/tech/tiktok-national-security-concerns/index.html . September 25, 2023 . December 23, 2023 . . TikTok is only a product of the entire surveillance capitalism economy, Lin said. Governments should try to better protect user information, instead of focusing on one particular app without good evidence..
  113. Web site: Fung . Brian . March 12, 2024 . TikTok creators fear a ban as the House prepares to vote on a bill that could block the app in America . March 14, 2024 . . en . March 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240314054648/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/12/tech/us-tiktok-ban-bill/index.html . live . Cybersecurity experts say that the national security concerns surrounding TikTok remain a hypothetical—albeit concerning—scenario. US officials have not publicly presented evidence that the Chinese government has accessed the user data of US TikTok users..
  114. News: House overwhelmingly votes to ban TikTok if its Chinese owner doesn't sell . . en . To date, the U.S. government also has not provided any evidence that shows TikTok shared such information with Chinese authorities..
  115. News: Klippenstein . Ken . 16 March 2024 . TikTok Threat Is Purely Hypothetical, U.S. Intelligence Admits . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240423213713/https://theintercept.com/2024/03/16/tiktok-china-security-threat/ . April 23, 2024 . April 22, 2024 . . The problem with TikTok isn't related to their ownership. In 2016 Russia did this with Facebook and they didn't have to own Facebook—they just bought ads like everybody else. Trump signed a covert action order authorizing the CIA to use social media to influence and manipulate domestic Chinese public opinion and views on China..
  116. Web site: Fortinsky . Sarah . 2024-03-13 . Rand Paul: Proposed TikTok ban 'makes no sense' . 2024-04-20 . . en-US . April 20, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240420115548/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/4527989-rand-paul-proposed-tiktok-ban-makes-no-sense/ . live .
  117. Web site: GOP Rep. Massie says TikTok bill would not address 'root problems' . 2024-04-20 . . en . April 20, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240420115548/https://www.nbcnews.com/video/gop-rep-massie-says-tiktok-bill-would-not-address-root-problems-206434373736 . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Restrictions on TikTok in the United States".

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