Australian Classification Board Explained

Agency Name:Classification Board
Formed: (as Commonwealth Film Censorship Board)
Jurisdiction:Commonwealth of Australia
Minister1 Name:Michelle Rowland
Minister1 Pfo:Minister for Communications
Parent Agency:Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications (current parent agency), Department of Communications and the Arts (until 2020), OFLC (until 2006), Australian Classification Review Board (sister agency)

The Australian Classification Board (ACB or CB) is an Australian government statutory body responsible for the classification and censorship of films, video games and publications for exhibition, sale or hire in Australia.

The ACB was established in 1917 as the Commonwealth Film Censorship Board. In 1988 it was incorporated for administrative purposes into the Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC)[1], until its dissolution in 2006. Following the legislative changes enacted in the Commonwealth Classification Act 1995, it became known as the Classification Board.

The Department of Communications and the Arts provided administrative support to the ACB from 2006 until 2020, when it was merged into the 'mega department' of the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications. Decisions made by the ACB may be reviewed by the Australian Classification Review Board.[2] The ACB now operates under the Commonwealth Classification Act 1995. The ACB is made up of a director, a deputy director, and three other board members, appointed by the government for three- or four-year terms, and temporary board members.[3] The ACB is located in Sydney.

The ACB does not directly censor material by ordering cuts or changes. However, it is able to effectively censor media by refusing classification and making the media illegal for hire, exhibition and importation to Australia.

The classification system has several levels of "restricted" categories, prohibiting sale, exhibition or use of some materials to those who are under a prescribed age. Some films (those made for educational or training purposes, for instance) are exempt from classification under certain conditions. Film festivals and institutions such as Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI) may apply to the ACB for an exemption from classification for the purpose of screening at a particular film festival or event. If the ACB believes an unclassified work, in their estimation, would receive an X 18+ classification if it were to be classified they would not grant an exemption for public screening, as an X 18+ cannot be exhibited. The ACB may require film festivals to have age-restricted entrance to a festival or screening.

History

Early film classification

The Commonwealth Film Censorship Board was created in 1917 to view, classify, and censor films imported from overseas. In the early years of the system there were 3 ratings[4] :

All ratings were advisory in nature and while distributors were required to display them on advertising, there were no restrictions on children's attendence. As such, films with adult ratings were still routinely censored.

Modern film classification

Customs Minister Don Chipp announced significant classification reform in 1970, including published decision registrars and the requirement of cinemas to legally restrict attendees. This ushered in a new era of film classification rather than censorship, and was enacted in 1971. The new ratings introduced were:

In 1984, the NRC rating was renamed PG, due to confusion from parents about whether its content was stronger than M.

In 1993, The MA 15+ rating was introduced to flag content that was too strong for the M classification, but not so much so that the content should be restricted only to persons over the age of 18.[5]

Computer game classification

A separate classification system was introduced in 1994 for computer and video games. Despite its use of similar ratings names, these were backed by a distinct and stricter set of guidelines. The OFLC Annual Report for 1993-94 cited ministerial concern that "games, because of the “interactive” nature, may have greater impact, and therefore greater potential for harm or detriment, on young minds than film or videotape".

The 4 ratings were:

In 2005, video and computer games became subject to the same classification ratings and restrictions as films (with the exception of the R 18+ and X 18+ ratings), in response to confusion by parents.[6] Despite a line in the National Classification Code stating that "adults should be able to read, hear and see what they want", the adult R 18+ classification was not applied to video games in Australia until 1 January 2013.[7]

Later changes

The Office of Film and Literature Classification (OFLC) was reorganised in 1994, and oversaw the ACB. In 2005 the OFLC was dissolved and supervision of the ACB transferred to the attorney-general's department.

The current colour-coded classification markings for films and computer games were introduced in May 2005.[8]

In August 2014, the ACB introduced amendments to allow for the automated classification process employed by the International Age Rating Coalition. This new process reduces the costs of video game developers as they seek to obtain ratings for their products that are distributed digitally online.[9]

Overview

The board operates on a procedure that primarily involves decision-making. The members must communicate their views clearly and appreciate the views of others. Board members would be exposed to a wide range of material, including content that is confronting and offensive. Every film and computer game has to be classified before it can be legally made available to the public. Some publications also need to be classified. Failure to give classification (especially for unclassified material that is likely to be classified RC) is an implicit ban (except for exempt films, games, and publications). It is an offence "to display, demonstrate, sell, hire, publicly exhibit or advertise a film or computer game" without having it classified. Some films and documentaries (such as current affairs and those created for business, scientific and education purposes) are exempt from classification unless, if classified, they would be M or above.[10]

There are legal age restrictions for the ratings of MA 15+ and R 18+. X 18+ is a special restriction rating for adult content. X 18+ is limited only to films, and the highest rating for video games remains R 18+.[11] Should a game contain content not suitable for or exceeding the boundaries of an R 18+ rating (often explicit sexual content or nudity), that game is usually either modified (censored) or, rarely, refused classification (banned) (an exception to this was made for The Last of Us Part II, where the game was not censored despite containing nudity).[12] The other classification categories (G, PG and M) are merely recommendations and they are not submitted to legal age restrictions. RC (banned) material cannot be sold, hired or distributed to any persons. A film or video game's context is crucial in determining whether a classifiable element is justified by the story-line or themes.

The ACB decides what consumer advice accompanies each classification. They indicate the elements in films and computer games which caused the classification and help consumers make choices about what they read, view or play. There are six classifiable elements for films: themes (rape, suicide, racism, etc.), violence (the level of violence and how threatening it is in its context), sex (intercourse and references to sex), language (the level of coarse language), drug use (the use of, and references to, drugs) and nudity (the explicitness of nudity). Consumer advice appears with the classification symbol on products, packaging and in advertisements. Consumer advice is not given if the element in question would be acceptable at a lower classification.[13] By August 2020, the ACB added another category for video games related to microtransactions, with any game including them listing in-game purchases alongside these other themes.[14]

The ACB also classifies material submitted by the police, the Australian Customs and Border Protection Service and the Australian Communications and Media Authority. The board does not classify live performances, audio CDs and television shows. Television is regulated by the Australian Communications and Media Authority.[15] Film classification also normally applies to Internet streaming services. In January 2019, for the first time, Netflix was given the go-ahead to self-regulate film and television classification on its streaming platform, allowing the company to rank content between G and R 18+.[16]

Film and video game classifications

Unrestricted/Advisory

The classifications below are unrestricted and may suggest parental advisory, but do not otherwise impose any legal restrictions on access to or distribution of material.[17] [18]

Restricted

By contrast, the classifications below are legally restricted, as explicitly indicated by the black banner at the bottom of the classification label. It is illegal to sell or exhibit material with these classifications to anyone younger than the stated minimum age.[17] [18]

ClassificationDescription

Mature Accompanied (MA 15+)		Contains material that is considered unsuitable for exhibition to persons under the age of 15. People under 15 may legally purchase, rent, exhibit or view such content, but only under the supervision of a parent or adult guardian. A person may be asked to show proof of age before purchasing or hiring an MA 15+ film or computer game at a retail store or cinema. The content is strong in impact.
  • Realistic violence of medium intensity is permitted. Violent depictions with a "high degree or realism" is accepted only if "justified by context". Stylised violence, however, can be "more detailed".
  • Strong violence is permitted, although if it is bloody and strong, it should be "infrequent" or "justified by context".
  • Sexual violence is permitted only if it is "not frequent, gratuitous or exploitative".
  • Sexual activity may be "discreetly implied" or "simulated".
  • Nudity is permitted, but in a sexual context, it should "not be exploitative".
  • Frightening or intense scenes should "not disturb a reasonable adult".
  • Aggressive and very strong coarse language may be used, but it should "not be exploitative".
  • Drug use may be depicted, but not in an "advocatory manner".
  • Themes, if strong, should be justified by context.

Restricted (R 18+)		Contains material that is considered unsuitable for exhibition to persons under the age of 18. People under 18 may not legally purchase, rent, exhibit or view R 18+ classified content. A person may be asked for proof of age before purchasing, hiring or viewing an R 18+ film or computer game at a retail store or cinema. Some material classified R 18+ may be offensive to sections of the adult community. The content is high in impact. This rating is the highest that can be given to computer games.
  • Realistic and explicit depictions of violence are permitted, but violence that is "frequently gratuitous, cruel, exploitative and offensive to a reasonable adult" is not.
  • Themes can have a "very high degree of intensity" but should not be "exploitative".
  • Sexual violence is permitted only to the extent that it is "necessary to the narrative" and "not exploitative" or "not shown in detail".
  • Sexual activity can be "realistically simulated", but depictions of "actual sexual activity" are not permitted. However, several films containing artistic depictions of real sexual activity such as Romance and Nymphomaniac have been passed with the R 18+ classification.
  • Drug use can be shown, but "not gratuitously detailed", and should also "not be promoted or encouraged". For computer games, drug use related to "incentives and rewards" is not permitted.
  • Nudity in a sexual context should "not include obvious genital contact".
  • Coarse language is virtually unrestricted.

Restricted (X 18+)		Contains material that is pornographic in nature. People under 18 may not legally purchase, rent, possess, exhibit or view these films. The exhibition or sale of these films to people under the age of 18 years is a criminal offence carrying a maximum fine of $13,750. Films classified as X 18+ are banned (via state government legislation) from being sold or rented in all Australian states, but are legal to possess (except in prescribed parts of the Northern Territory) and are legally available to purchase only in the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Importing X 18+ material from these territories to the states is legal (as the Australian Constitution forbids any restrictions on trade between the states and territories). The content is sexually explicit and is therefore very high in impact.
  • This rating applies to films that "depict unsimulated sexual content only". Depictions of sexual violence, coercion and "sexually assaultive" language are not permitted in the category. Fetishes such as body piercing, "golden showers", bondage, spanking or fisting are also not permitted.

Other labels

ClassificationDescription

Contains material that, while being, in most cases, legal to possess, is considered offensive to the standards of morality, decency and propriety generally accepted by a "reasonable adult" to such an extent that it should not be classified. In Australia, all films and video games must be classified by law, and works that are refused classification by the ACB are legally banned from sale, hire or public exhibition, carrying a maximum fine of $687,500 and/or 10 years imprisonment if an individual or organisation is found to be in breach of this. It is, however, legal to possess RC films and games for people over 18, except in Western Australia and prescribed areas of the Northern Territory and/or if they contain illegal content (such as child abuse material). The content is very high in impact.
  • Films and games that exceed the X 18+ and R 18+ ratings (respectively) are refused classification by the ACB. Content that may be refused classification includes, but is not limited to:
    • Detailed instruction or promotion in matters of crime or violence
    • Promotion or provision of instruction in paedophile activity
    • Descriptions or depictions of child sexual abuse or any other exploitative or offensive descriptions or depictions involving a person who is, or appears to be, a child under 18 years
    • Gratuitous, exploitative or offensive depictions of:
      • violence with a very high degree of impact or which are excessively frequent, prolonged or detailed
      • cruelty or real violence which are very detailed or which have an extremely high impact
      • sexual violence
    • Depictions of practices such as bestiality, necrophilia or other practices that are considered revolting or abhorrent
    • Gratuitous, exploitative or offensive depictions of:
      • activity accompanied by fetishes or practices that are offensive or abhorrent
      • incest fantasies or other fantasies that are offensive or abhorrent

Check the Classification (CTC)		The content has been assessed and approved for advertising unclassified films and computer games. "This film has advertising approval. Check the classification closer to the released date" is usually written on the marking.
  • Any advertising of unclassified films and games must display the CTC message on posters, trailers, on the Internet, and any other types of advertising.
  • Once the content is classified, the classification marking replaces the CTC marking on all advertising material.

Literature ratings

Publications such as books and magazines (though they would also include other printed media such as calendars, cards and catalogues) are required to be classified if they contain depictions or descriptions of sexuality, drugs, nudity or violence that are unsuitable for a minor or an adult who would take offence if sold as an unrestricted publication.

Publication classifications are most commonly applied to magazines with visual depictions of nudity or sexual activity, such as many men's magazines. It is uncommon for these ratings to appear on books, even those dealing with adult themes, except in the most controversial cases.

Proposals

Age reference removal

In February 2020, the board proposed to remove the reference to 15 years for PG and M classifications and simply just refer to the severity of the material. This is due to a confusion that is caused by each of the categories citing to a 15-year-old, in addition to both the PG and M content not being recommended for persons under 15 years. The age reference created confusion for parents and guardians, creating some questions, such as why an M level film can still be accessed by a person under 15 without guidance because it is not a legally restricted category, when the impact of its material is higher than that of PG material. There is a confusion for people that comes from knowing the suited audience for PG, M and MA 15+ films and games due to their definitions that revolve around 15 years of age. The notes in the guidelines that come with the PG, M and MA ratings should be read like this:[20]

New rating category

In February 2020, the board had suggested the adoption of a PG-13-type classification category, which is a rating aimed at young teens (between PG and M), that addresses the mild+ impact level material. Its adoption was suggested because many films in recent years surpass what conforms to the PG rating and are, consequentially, pushed up into an M ("moderate impact") rating category due to their dark themes and peril, despite being films aimed at younger teens. The mild+ category, if introduced, could excel the mild impact level (PG), but not so as to require a mature perspective (M classification) and it could be relevant for films with a more significant amount of action or fantasy violence. If the rating is implemented, the non-restricted classifications would read like this:[20]

This would mean the age restrictive numbers (15 and 18) would only be present for the legally-restricted categories of MA 15+, R 18+ and X 18+. The ACB is not suggesting that the new PG-13 rating would be applied retrospectively, but rather prospectively, as was the case when the MA 15+ category was initiated and when the R 18+ was adopted for video games. The ACB is also not planning to use the PG-13 title for the new classification category, but a title that does not reference any age, such as YP for "young person" (or, likely, T for "teenager").[20]

Literature classification

The ACB considers the present classification categories for publications to be redundant, complex, and inappropriate for the digital world. Therefore, the board has proposed the creation of the equivalent film and games classifications of M, R 18+ and X 18+ for publications, like:[20]

Controversies

See also: Australian Classification Review Board.

Film

Video games

See also: List of banned video games in Australia. Video gaming censorship in Australia is considered to be one of the strictest in the Western world.[30] Such controversial and noteworthy cases include:

Adult (18+) ratings for video games

Many games were banned before 2011 on the basis that the R 18+ rating did not apply to video games at the time. This was the subject of complaint in the gaming community, who argued that there is no reason why adults should be prevented from seeing content in games that they could see in a film. One of the main opponents to the introduction of an R 18+ rating for video games was the former South Australian Attorney-General, Michael Atkinson, who vetoed every attempt to include one.[38]

On 11 August 2010, at a public forum, opposition leader Tony Abbott was asked a question about his views on the absence of an R 18+ rating for video games and whether he had any policies relating to the subject, saying, "if what happens with video games is not roughly analogous to what happens in other areas, that seems silly ... Instinctively I'm with you, and it's something I'd be happy to look at, if we are in Government."[39] [40] [41] [42] In December 2010, Attorney General Robert McClelland appeared to be moving on this issue following the release of telephone poll results conducted by the Minister for Home Affairs Brendan O'Connor, showing roughly 80% in support of an R 18+ classification.[43]

On 22 July 2011, at a meeting of state and territories' attorneys general, an agreement was reached for the introduction of an R 18+ classification. It was planned to introduce the rating towards the end of 2011.[44] On 22 July 2011, a meeting of attorneys-general produced an in-principle agreement to introduce the R 18+ classification for video games; however, NSW Attorney-General Greg Smith abstained from the vote. The Home Affairs Minister, Brendan O'Connor, said the federal government would over-ride NSW and implement the R 18+ rating regardless of its decision and would be officially available before the end of 2011.[45] On 10 August the NSW Attorney General agreed on the R 18+; thus, the rating would be accepted and available to all states before the end of 2011.[46] [47]

As of 1 January 2013, the R 18+ rating has been officially implemented for video games although it is apparently not being used to full effect as many games are still being refused classification.[48]

The first game to be released with an R 18+ rating was Ninja Gaiden Sigma 2 Plus. The game Saints Row IV became the first game to be refused classification under the new standard on 25 June 2013.[49] [50] State of Decay became the second game to be refused classification less than 24 hours after the first (Saints Row IV) was banned. Both were refused classification on the grounds of "illicit or proscribed drug use related to incentives and rewards".[51]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Griffith, Gareth . March 2002 . Censorship in Australia: Regulating the Internet and other recent developments . 0 7313 17076.
  2. Web site: Review Board Australian Classification. www.classification.gov.au. 2016-04-30.
  3. https://www.classification.gov.au/about-us/classification-board Classification Board
  4. Web site: 2022-10-24. Exit the ghouls. Rebecca Boyle. 2024-08-19. National Archives of Australia.
  5. Cole, R., Driscoll, C., & Grealy, L. (2018). Classifying adulthood: A history of governing minority in media classification. In Youth, Technology, Governance, Experience (p. 74). Routledge.
  6. News: 1 – State . 11 . Games get film ratings . The Daily Telegraph . 6 July 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050609030406/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C10117%2C15534581-421%2C00.html . 9 June 2005 . dead .
  7. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2013C00006 The Classification Code; May 2005
  8. Web site: 2005. Annual Report 2004–2005. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190321223603/https://www.classification.gov.au/About/AnnualReports/Documents/673.pdf. 2019-03-21. 2021-03-07. Australian Classification Board.
  9. Web site: Getting Digitally-Distributed Games Classified in Australia to be Cost-Free – IGN. September 2014.
  10. Web site: Classification and censorship.
  11. Web site: Classification. The Australian. 2019-08-09. What do the ratings mean?. 2020-06-26. www.classification.gov.au. en.
  12. Web site: Classification. The Australian. 2020-05-30. THE LAST OF US PART II. 2020-06-26. www.classification.gov.au. en.
  13. Web site: What's ok for children?. 9 August 2019. 23 May 2014. 29 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029114513/http://www.classification.gov.au/Public/Resources/Pages/Parents.aspx. dead.
  14. Web site: Australian government rules that games with microtransactions must address them in box art . Cian . Maher . 17 August 2020 . 17 August 2020 . .
  15. News: 7 . Canna . Xavier La . New classifications pave way for R-rated games . The Age . Australia . 2012-08-05 . 6 June 2005 .
  16. https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/netflix-gets-approval-to-classify-own-shows-after-two-year-trial-20190120-p50sim.html Netflix gets approval to classify own shows after two-year trial
  17. Web site: What do the ratings mean? . Australian Classification Board . 30 July 2022.
  18. Web site: Clare . Jason (Minister for Justice) . Guidelines for the Classification of Films 2012 . 10 December 2012 . Commonwealth of Australia . 10 May 2015.
  19. Web site: Films and computer games exempt from classification Australian Classification . Australian Classification . 9 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220306060700/https://www.classification.gov.au/for-industry/exemptions-and-modifications/films-and-computer-games-exempt-classification . 6 March 2022 . live.
  20. https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/submissions/classification-board.pdf REVIEW OF AUSTRALIAN CLASSIFICATION REGULATION Classification Board Submission
  21. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/minister-asks-censors-to-reassess-approval-of-sadistic-film-20100416-skg2.html Minister asks censors to reassess approval of sadistic film
  22. Web site: Romance (1999). Refused-Classification.com. 9 December 2011.
  23. http://www.oflc.gov.au/resource.html?resource=92&filename=92.pdf OFLC Classification Review Board Report re Baisez-Moi.
  24. http://www.oflc.gov.au/special.html?n=46&p=156&sTitle=baise-moi&sMature=1&sMediaFilm=1&sMediaPublications=1&sMediaGames=1&sDateFromM=1&sDateFromY=1970&sDateToM=1&sDateToY=2007&record=176380 OFLC Classifies Baise-Moi R18+.
  25. Web site: Archived copy . 2016-02-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061008233651/http://www.oflc.gov.au/resource.html?resource=219&filename=219.pdf . 8 October 2006 .
  26. News: 5 . Needham . Kirsty . Police quiz critic after raid . The Sydney Morning Herald. 2007-05-30 . 7 April 2003 .
  27. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/jul2003/balm-j10.shtml World Socialist Web Site report into the screening of Ken Park
  28. News: 0312-6315 . 9 . Maddox . Garry . Debus wants festival film rethink . The Sydney Morning Herald . 2012-08-05 . 18 June 2003 .
  29. Web site: Media release—Classification of the film Tom of Finland and allegations that the Classification Board is "homophobic" . 19 October 2017 . Australian Classification Board . 8 June 2020.
  30. Book: Abjorensen, Docherty, Norman, James C. . 5 December 2014 . Historical Dictionary of Australia . Rowman & Littlefield . 93 . 9781442245020.
  31. https://www.classification.gov.au/titles/grand-theft-auto-iii-3 Grand Theft Auto III
  32. http://au.xbox360.ign.com/articles/869/869828p1.html IGN: Aussie GTA IV Censorship Update
  33. http://www.classification.gov.au/special.html?n=46&p=156&sTitle=fallout+3&sMature=1&sMediaGames=1&sDateFromM=1&sDateFromY=2008&sDateToM=12&sDateToY=2008&record=228415 OFLC listing
  34. http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/887/887547p1.html Fallout 3 Officially Refused Classification in Australia
  35. Web site: Fallout 3 Censorship Report. 13 August 2008. IGN. 6 May 2015.
  36. Web site: Australian Classification – Atelier Totori Plus: The Adventurer of Arland. Australian Classification Board. dead. https://archive.today/20130410025520/http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?ncdctx=mh8vbgD796YJ2RWSuMNIdIWf%2BEyuTEuEKG86SY3V6yl8TbcNz7LR0XlHJPUi2PQF. April 10, 2013. March 20, 2013.
  37. https://moegamer.net/2020/09/25/atelier-totori-the-adventurer-of-arland-high-impact-sexual-violence/ ATELIER TOTORI: THE ADVENTURER OF ARLAND – HIGH IMPACT SEXUAL VIOLENCE?
  38. News: Chloe . Lake . Attorney-general opposes R rating for games . News.com.au . News Limited . 27 February 2008 . 27 February 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080302035849/http://www.news.com.au/technology/story/0,25642,23282288-5014239,00.html . 2 March 2008.
  39. News: Tony Abbott Q&A from Rooty Hill . The Courier Mail . News Limited . 11 August 2010 . Michael . Madigan . Ben . Packham.
  40. Web site: Tony Abbott: 'Happy To Look At' R18+ Rating . Kotaku . David . Wildgoose . 12 August 2010.
  41. Web site: Abbott pledges R18+ gaming review . Renai . LeMay . 11 August 2010 . iTWire . 23 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195526/http://www.itwire.com/it-industry-news/strategy/41091-abbott-pledges-r18-gaming-review . 3 March 2016 . dead.
  42. Web site: Abbott pledges R18+ gaming review . Renai . LeMay . 11 August 2010 . Delimiter . LeMay & Galt Media.
  43. Web site: An R 18+ Classification for Computer Games . Commonwealth of Australia . Attorney-General's Department . 8 December 2010 . 23 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110403033305/http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Consultationsreformsandreviews_AnR18+ClassificationforComputerGames-PublicConsultation?open&query=game . 3 April 2011 . dead.
  44. Web site: 'Historic agreement' on R18+ video games. The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 22 July 2011. 24 February 2012.
  45. News: Asher Moses, Ben Grubb . 'Historic agreement' on R18+ video games . 22 July 2011 . 22 July 2011 . The Sydney Morning Herald.
  46. Laura Parker (9 August 2011), "NSW backs R18+ for games", GameSpot
  47. Web site: Governments agree on R18+ games rating. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Company. 3 November 2011. 22 July 2011.
  48. News: Gamers get adults-only R18+ classification . Australian Associated Press . 18 June 2012 . 18 June 2012 . 10 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160910083440/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/gamers-get-adults-only-r18-classification/story-e6frfku0-1226399228661 . dead .
  49. News: Reilly. Luke. 25 June 2013. Saints Row IV banned in Australia. IGN. Ziff Davis. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403134526/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/06/25/saints-row-iv-banned-in-australia. 3 April 2015. dead. 15 March 2015.
  50. http://www.classification.gov.au/News/Pages/25June2013SaintsRowIVfirstcomputergameRefusedClassification.aspx 25 June 2013: Saints Row IV first computer game Refused Classification
  51. http://www.news.com.au/technology/gaming/second-video-game-state-of-decay-banned-in-australia/story-e6frfrt9-1226670282295 26 June 2013: "Second video game – State of Decay – banned in Australia"

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