Refractory cytopenia of childhood explained

Synonym:	RCC

Refractory cytopenia of childhood is a subgroup of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), having been added to the World Health Organization classification in 2008. Before then, RCC cases were classified as childhood aplastic anemia.^{[1] [2]} RCC is the most common form of MDS in children and adolescents, accounting for approximately half of all MDS cases.^[3]

Presentation

Symptoms result from underproduction of red blood cells (weakness, pallor, failure to thrive, pica), white blood cells (recurrent or overwhelming infection), and/or platelets (bleeding).

Histopathologic features

The bone marrow of patients with RCC contains islands of erythroid precursors and spare granulocytes. In some scenarios, multiple bone marrow biopsy examinations may be recommended before a diagnosis can be established.

Management

Bone marrow transplant is the only known curative treatment.

Notes and References

1. 22160017. 2011. Niemeyer. C. M.. Classification of childhood aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Hematology. 2011. 84–9. Baumann. I. 10.1182/asheducation-2011.1.84. free.
2. Web site: Medscape Pediatric Myelodysplasia . 16 June 2015.
3. 18179970. 2008. Niemeyer. C. M.. Myelodysplastic syndrome in children and adolescents. Seminars in Hematology. 45. 1. 60–70. Baumann. I. 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2007.10.006.