On United Kingdom roads, the term red route may refer to a stretch of road with painted red lines signifying that vehicles cannot stop there, or to a road which has historically high accident rates.
Red routes are major roads with red lines at the sides showing where vehicles are not allowed to stop. The prohibition extends to stopping for loading or unloading, and to boarding or alighting from a vehicle (except for licensed taxis and the holders of blue badges).[1] Red routes are mainly used on major bus and commuting routes.[2]
Red routes are marked by red lines on the sides of the road. Double red lines mean that the rules and regulations apply at all times and on all days. Single red lines means that the prohibition applies during times displayed on nearby signs or at the entry to the zone.[1] Red route clearways are signed but there are no lines on the road. Stopping is only permitted in lay-bys (red lines are only marked at junctions).[3]
The lines were first introduced in London in 1991,[4] and have also been applied in the county of West Midlands since 2003[5] and Leeds since 2019.[6] A similar scheme operates in Edinburgh; here, however, the routes affected (where marked by the use of green road-surfacing rather than red lines – usually on outer bus lanes on major bus routes) are known as greenways. Away from bus routes, conventional red lines are used.
The 390 miles of red routes in London are policed by "Red Route Patrols" and managed by London Streets, an arm of Transport for London.[7]
A number of hospitals in the United Kingdom have mimicked the red road lines, in and around ambulance dispatch and Accident and Emergency areas. These road markings are to allow ambulances and other emergency vehicles uninhibited access in and out of such areas; whilst these road markings are often respected by road users there is very little (if any) enforcement.
The Red Routes scheme was developed by the Department for Transport following the abolition of the Greater London Council in 1986 to address concerns that there was no London-wide road transport policymaking body.
A Traffic Director for London was appointed by the Department for Transport in 1991 to "streamline the flow of traffic in London" and oversee a London-wide strategy for road transport.[8]
The director was responsible for creating a Network Plan, deciding on the priorities for road travel in London and how best to manage traffic flows. Roads in the Network Plan became the responsibility of the Traffic Director rather than localised London boroughs. The lines were first introduced in north and east London in 1991.[4]
In 1998, the Traffic Director identified nine priorities for the Red Routes scheme:
Between 1997 and 2000, transport policy in the United Kingdom became a devolved matter under Tony Blair, with the Senedd in Wales and the Scottish Parliament assuming control over nationwide and regional transport strategy in their respective nations. When London was granted a devolved assembly and authority, which came into effect in 2000, regional transport strategy became the responsibility of the Mayor of London.[9]
The Greater London Authority (GLA) Act 1999, which established the devolved administration in London, gave the Mayor of London a General Transport Duty to "develop and implement policies for the promotion and encouragement of safe, integrated, efficient and economic transport facilities and services to, from and within Greater London". Transport for London (TfL) became the highway authority for all roads under GLA control.[10]
The Greater London Authority Act 1999 passed the management of motorways wholly within London and trunk roads over to the GLA. This caused several roads to be renumbered in London, including the A102(M) Blackwall Tunnel (to A102), the A40(M) Westway (to A40) and the M41 West Cross Route (to A3220).
Red Routes are managed and controlled by London Streets, which is an arm of Transport for London (TfL).
| Route | Start of TfL control | End of TfL control | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Angel, Islington | Borehamwood | ||
| London Bridge | M25 Junction 25 | Including Cycleway 1 | |
| Aldgate | Bow Interchange | Including Cycleway 2 | |
| Blackwall Tunnel | M25 Junction 28 | ||
| Aldgate | Purfleet | Including Cycleway 3 *Under private-sector contract|-||Tower Bridge|Bricklayers Arms|Including Tower Bridge Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Limehouse|Bermondsey|Rotherhithe Tunnel|-||Lower Clapton|Hackney Wick||-||Blackwall Tunnel|Blackheath|Formerly |-||Stamford Hill|Lower Clapton||-||Gallows Corner|M25 Junction 29||-||Beckton|Woolwich Ferry||-||Tower Bridge|Limehouse Link||-||Aldgate|Old Street|Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Bow|Poplar||-|*|Limehouse|Leamouth|* Under private-sector contract|-||M11 Junction 4|Gants Hill||-||Borough|Bexley||-||New Cross|Ruxley||-||Lewisham|M25 Junction 4||-||Purley|Whyteleafe||-||Kennington|Chipstead||-||Clapham Common|Nonsuch Park, Cheam|Including Cycleway 7|-||London Bridge|Bermondsey|Including Cycleway 4|-||King's Cross|Bricklayers Arms|Including Cycleway 6|-||Victoria|New Cross|Including Cycleway 5 and Vauxhall Bridge Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Vauxhall|Brixton||-||M4 Chiswick|Woolwich Ferry|South Circular Road|-||Lee|Eltham Green||-||Wandsworth|Streatham||-||Rosehill|Belmont||-||Nonsuch Park, Cheam|Locksbottom||-||Kingston Bypass|Worcester Park Road||-||Kingston Bypass|Ashtead Common||-||Kidbrooke|Lee||-||London Bridge|Ditton Hill|Except Elephant & Castle to A2 Including Cycleway 7 and London Bridge Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Cranford|Staines||-||Parliament Square|Elephant & Castle|Except Waterloo to the Imperial War Museum Part including Cycleways 3 and 6, and Westminster Bridge|-||Barnes|Roehampton||-||Northolt|Hanworth||-||Chiswick|Sunbury-on-Thames||-||Vauxhall|Westminster Bridge||-||Westminster Bridge|London Bridge||-||Millbank|Lambeth|Lambeth Bridge only|-||Vauxhall|Elephant & Castle|Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Vauxhall|Wandsworth|Including Cycleway 8|-||Westminster|Tower Bridge|Including Cycleway 3|-||Westminster|Battersea Bridge|Including Cycleway 8|-||The Westway|Clapham Common|Including Battersea Bridge Part formerly |-||Hyde Park Corner|Longford||-||The Westway|Uxbridge|Part formerly |-||Baker Street|M1 Junction 4||-||Euston|Camden Town||-||M4 Chiswick|Beckton|North Circular Road|-||Northolt|Ruislip||-||Camden Town|Mornington Crescent||-||Marble Arch|Hyde Park Corner|Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Hyde Park Corner|Warwick Avenue|Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||The Westway|Old Street|Part of the London Inner Ring Road|-||Camden Town|Seven Sisters||-||Warwick Avenue|Regent's Park||} High accident ratesIn Somerset, the local road safety partnership has designated some of the A roads within the county as red routes, indicating that they have a higher than average accident rate.[13] [14] [15] The term has been similarly used to denote dangerous routes in Northamptonshire.[16] [17] [18] It was not clear whether the scheme would be maintained following the 2013 closure of the Road Safety Partnership whose initiative it was.[19] Lincolnshire has a scheme similar to the Northamptonshire one.[20] [21] The county of Cheshire, including the town of Warrington, also use the idea of red routes to designate roads with historically high accident rates.[22] [23] The former[24] Suffolk speed camera organisation chose the expression red route to denote routes where high levels of accidents justify the frequency use of mobile speed cameras.[25] Leicestershire County Council elected in 2008 not to implement a red route scheme, believing it can be misleading and arbitrary. It believes in identifying or solving individual danger spots instead.[26] See alsoExternal links
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