Red Rose Guild Explained

Defunct:1985
Type:Craft organisation
Purpose:To promote the importance of craftwork in modern society[1]
Headquarters:The Whitworth, Manchester
Leader Name:Margaret Pilkington OBE
Affiliations:Crafts Centre of Great Britain
Red Rose Guild
Region Served:UK

The Red Rose Guild was a guild based in Manchester, with the aim to promote British arts and crafts.[2] It was “regarded as the most influential national outlet for makers”[3] in Britain during the first half of the twentieth century. The Guild was founded in 1921 by printmaker Margaret Pilkington, OBE, and remained active until 1985.[4] The Guild held annual exhibitions at Houldsworth Hall, part of what is now Hulme Hall, Manchester until World War II. Prominent members of the Guild included potter Bernard Leach,[5] silversmith Joyce Himsworth[6] and weaver Ethel Mairet.[7] After the war, the Guild moved its headquarters to Whitworth Hall. In 1950 the Guild joined the Crafts Centre of Great Britain.[8]

History

In 1920 an exhibition by northern craftsmen living in London was held at Houldsworth Hall. Called The Red Rose Guild of Arts and Crafts, its success led to the formation of the Red Rose Guild of Artworkers in January 1921. The Guild was inspired by the work of William Morris.[9] Its symbol, a red rose, reflected the Guild's origins in the north west of England.[10]

The Guild was “a central authoritative body, maintaining exacting standards for membership and providing both a vital sales outlet and a regular annual meeting place.” [11] They made a point of excluding any exhibits which appeared either ‘commercial’ or machine-made.[12]

The Guild played a leading role in the debate about the future of craftspeople after WWII. They campaigned for state protection and the guild's secretary, Harry Norris,[13] successfully argued for the exemption of “key craftworkers from war service in order to ensure the survival of craft skills.” This debate resulted in craftworkers being exempt from “punitive” post-war purchase tax. Alongside this they developed a craftsman's licence scheme.[14]

In 1950 the Guild joined the Crafts Centre of Great Britain, alongside the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, the Society of Scribes & Illuminators, the Senefelder Club and the Society of Wood Engravers.[15]

Name

The Guild's name evolved over time. Founded as the Red Rose Guild of Arts and Crafts in 1920, it changed its name to the Red Rose Guild of Artworkers in 1921. In 1940s the name was changed to the Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen[16] and finally in the 1960s to the Red Rose Guild of Designer Craftsmen.[17]

Exhibitions and venues

An advertisement in the Manchester Evening News for the Guild's first exhibition in October 1921 listed exhibits including “Embroideries, Lace, Weaving, Jewellery, Leather and Basket Work, Sculpture, Pottery, Stained Glass &c”.[18] Exhibitions were held at Manchester's Houldsworth Hall every autumn until the outbreak of war in 1939.[19]

In 1925 the exhibition had 32 stalls; by the 1950s the number was over 80.[20] The 1926 Arts and Crafts yearbook read “a general colour scheme was introduced of cream outlined with black and gold which proved an excellent background for the exhibits.”[21]

May 1939 saw a month-long exhibition at Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, including, for the first time, calligraphy, and bookbinding.[22] In the same year the Guild opened a shop on St Ann Street, Manchester.[23] In 1940 the Guild moved its headquarters to The Whitworth Hall.

The Guild held joint exhibitions with the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society at the Manchester City Art Gallery in 1940,[24] and in London in 1941 and 1944. The 1941 catalogue had an introduction by Nikolaus Pevsner, who “predicted a bright future for the crafts after the war.”[25]

The first exhibition in Manchester after WWII was held in November 1946.[26]

From 1963 to 1974 the Guild had a permanent exhibition space featuring members’ products at the Crane Gallery, South King Street, Manchester.[27] [28] In 1971 the Guild held an exhibition at the Whitworth Art Gallery to mark its 50th anniversary.[29] The 1984 exhibition was held in June at the Royal Northern College of Music.[30]

Crafts the journal

The journal Crafts was edited by Harry Norris from 1940 to 1946.[31] He used it “to advance a series of anti-industrial polemics”.[32] The magazine featured the “last thoughts of Eric Gill” together with essays by H. J. Massingham, Percy Beales, Anthony Gardner and Michael Cardew.[33] It was published until at least 1948.[34]

Organisers

Early organisers of the Guild included founder, Margaret Pilkington OBE (1891–1974),[35] who remained on the board for forty years.[36] She was the first honorary secretary and occasionally took the chair from 1926 onwards.[37] In the early years of the Guild, Pilkington was supported by Kathleen Smartt, Dorothy Hutton,[38] and Margaret Fullerton Davies.[39] Harry Norris, Pilkington's “protégé” was secretary[40] and Mr Cadness was chair.[41]

Later committee members included Charles F Sixsmith (chairman) in 1937,[42] Reginald Marlow (chairman) in 1967,[43] [44] Marie Nordlinger (committee member)[45] and Alex McErlain (treasurer) in 1980s.[46]

Members

The Red Rose Guild included the following members:

NameDatesSpecialism
Pat Atkinson[47] Potter
Phyllis Barron[48] 1890–1964Textiles
Howard Bissell[49] Potter
Mary Booth[50] Jeweller
Mary Bryan[51] 1918 - ?Textiles
Francis Cargeeg1893–1981Coppersmith
Mr A Carne[52] Ironworker
Molly ChallonerSilversmith
Kathleen Clarke[53] Embroiderer
Derek ClarksonPotter
Margaret Clarkson[54] Silversmith
Catherine ‘Casty’ Cockerell (later Cobb) [55] 1903–1995Jeweller
Sydney Cockerell[56] 1897–1962Bookbinder
Peter Collingwood, OBE[57] 1922–1997Weaver
Joanna Constantinidis1927–2000Potter
George Frederick Cook[58] 1927–2000Potter
Emmanuel Cooper[59] 1938–2012Potter
Francis Glanville Cooper[60] 1918–1983Potter
Ronald Glanville Cooper[61] 1910-?Potter
Gertrude Crawford[62] 1868–1937Turner
Helen Crosby[63] Weaver
Bernard Cuzner[64] Jeweller
William Bower Dalton[65] 1868–1965Potter
Stanley Webb Davies[66] 1894–1978Furniture maker
Brian Dewbury[67] Potter
Alan Durst1883–1970Wood carver
Derek Emms[68] 1929–2004Potter
William Fishley Holland[69] 1889–1969Potter
Mary Farmer[70] [71] 1940-2021Textiles
Kathleen Fleetwood[72] Jeweller
Robert Charles Privett Fournier[73] 1915–2008Potter
Joyce Mary Griffiths[74] 1912-?Weaver
Joyce Hainsworth[75] Silversmith
Mrs K Hampson[76] Weaver
Deborah Harding[77] Potter
Anthony Paton Hawksley[78] 1921–1991Jeweller and silversmith
Gerd Hay-Edie[79] 1909-1997Weaver
Joyce Gwendolyn Haynes[80] Potter
Henry Hammond[81] Potter
John Henshall[82] 1913–1996Calligrapher
Miss K Heron[83] Weaver
Joyce Himsworth[84] 1905–1989Silversmith
Ruth Hurle[85] Weaver
Dorothy Hutton[86] 1889–1984Calligrapher
Margery Kendon[87] 1902–1985Weaver
Muriel Jackson[88] 1901–1977Wood engraver
Muriel Lanchester[89] 1901–1992Potter
Rita Lankuttis[90] Embroiderer
Dorothy Larcher[91] 1884–1952Textiles
Bernard Leach[92] 1887–1979Potter
Ethel Mairet[93] 1872–1952Weaver
John Makepeace[94] b.1939Furniture designer
Reginald Marlow[95] Potter
Enid Marx[96] 1902–1998Designer
William Ongley Miller[97] 1883–1960Painter
Alice Moore[98] 1909–1980Embroiderer
Theo Moorman[99] 1907–1990Weaver
Roy Mulligan[100] Furniture maker
Gwen Mullins, OBE[101] 1904–1997Weaver
William Staite Murray[102] 1881–1962Potter
Henry George Murphy[103] 1884–1939Silversmith
Robin Nance[104] 1907–1990Furniture maker
Kenneth Neville[105] Enameller
Sue Newhouse[106] Embroiderer
Edith Norris[107] 1877-1989Stained glass and mosaics
Harry Norris[108] 1901-1968Woodworker
David Peace[109] Glass engraver
Marcia Pidgeon[110] 1955-?Gold and silversmith
Katherine Pleydell-Bouverie[111] 1895-1985Potter
Fiona Porteous[112] Textile
Roger Powell[113] 1896-1990Bookbinder
Dunstan Pruden[114] Silversmith
Elizabeth Reddish[115] Silversmith
Archie Milne Robertson[116] Potter
Seonaid Mairi Robertson[117] 1921–2008Potter
Gordon Russell[118] 1892–1980Furniture maker
Dunstan Alfred Charles Pruden[119] 1907–1974Goldsmith and sculptor
Barbara Sawyer[120] 1919–1982Weaver
Arthur Simpson1857–1922Wood carver
Hubert Simpson[121] 1889-?Wood carver
Marianne Straub[122] 1909–1994Weaver
Ann Sutton[123] b.1935Weaver
Julia M Sweet[124] (? – 1942)Lacemaker
Thomas W Swindlehurst[125] c.1900-1965Calligrapher
James Spencer Taylor[126] 1921–2010Graphic designer
Joyce Barbara Taylor[127] 1921–2006Embroiderer
Margaret Stanley Thompson[128] 1918–2007Wood engraver
Pauline Vivienne[129] Potter
Roy Waddington[130] 1917–1981 Calligrapher
James Walford[131] 1913–2001Potter
Hugh Wallis[132] Silversmith
Florence Welch[133] Weaver
Geoffrey Whiting[134] 1919–1988Potter
Rosemary Wren[135] 1922–2013Potter

Other exhibitors included The Weaving School for Crippled Girls (1936),[136] the Manchester School of Art, Salford School of Art and Bolton School of Art.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Records of the Red Rose Guild . . archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  2. News: Sylvia . 1955-10-25 . Why be shy of colour? . Lancashire Evening Post . Lancaster, UK . 8.
  3. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 113 . 0713658622.
  4. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  5. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 114 . 0713658622.
  6. News: 1955-10-25 . Lancashire Evening Post . . Why be shy of colour? . 8 . Lancaster, UK .
  7. Book: Coatts, Margot . 1983 . A Weaver's Life: Ethel Mairet, 1872-1952 . Crafts Study Centre . London . 4 . 0903798700.
  8. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 112 . 0713658622.
  9. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  10. Web site: Papers of the Red Rose Guild . . jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  11. Book: Anscombe, Isabelle . 1998 . A woman's touch . Soundings . London . 147 . 9781860424786.
  12. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 124 . 0300077807.
  13. Web site: The Whitworth: a place for industry and art . Imogen Holmes-Rae . sciencemuseum.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  14. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 206 . 0300077807.
  15. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 112 . 0713658622.
  16. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  17. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  18. News: 1921-10-15 . Manchester Evening News . . Red Rose Guild of Artworkers . 1 . Manchester, UK .
  19. Book: Coatts, Margot . 1983 . A Weaver's Life: Ethel Mairet, 1872-1952 . Crafts Study Centre . London . 108 . 0903798700.
  20. Web site: Papers of the Red Rose Guild . . jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  21. Book: 1987 . Elinor . Gillian . Richardson . Su . Women and Craft . Virago . London . 146 . 0860685403.
  22. News: 1939-05-19 . Liverpool Daily Post . . Red Rose Guild of Workers . 7 . Liverpool .
  23. News: 1939-12-20 . Manchester Evening News . . As Usual . 4 . Manchester, UK .
  24. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 207 . 0300077807.
  25. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 207 . 0300077807.
  26. News: 1946-11-07 . Manchester Evening News . . The Personal Touch . 3 . Manchester, UK .
  27. News: 1971-04-15 . Manchester Evening News . Pat Roberts . Art but no craft? . 8 . Manchester, UK .
  28. Web site: Papers of the Red Rose Guild . . jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  29. Book: Howard, Constance . 1984 . Twentieth-century embroidery in Great Britain, 1964-1977 . Batsford . London . 87 . 9780713442274.
  30. News: 1984-06-15 . Manchester Evening News . . What's On . 39 . Manchester, UK .
  31. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 114 . 0713658622.
  32. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 206 . 0300077807.
  33. Book: Clark, Garth . 1976 . Michael Cardew: A Portrait . Kondansha . Tokyo . 45 . 0870112775.
  34. News: 1948-11-04 . Bradford Obervser . . Observatory . 2 . Bradford, UK .
  35. News: 1951-11-02 . Manchester Evening News . Jane Dawson . 5,000 paintings are in her care . 7 . Manchester, UK .
  36. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  37. Web site: Papers of the Red Rose Guild . . jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  38. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 112 . 0713658622.
  39. News: 1957-05-10 . Alderley and Wilmslow Advertiser . . Dies from polio in Rhodesia . 1 . Manchester, UK .
  40. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 125 . 0300077807.
  41. News: 1924-03-07 . Alderley and Wilmslow Advertiser . . Arts and Crafts Exhibition . 7 . Manchester, UK .
  42. News: 1937-10-31 . Liverpool Daily Post . . Art's Aid to Industry . 8 . Liverpool, UK .
  43. Book: Casson, Michael . 1967 . Pottery in Britain today . P Owen . London . 248 . 0720610567.
  44. News: 1969-12-12 . Staffordshire sentinel . . Dialect has city college head beaten . 7 . Stafford, UK .
  45. Book: Prestwich, P F . 1999 . The translation of memories: recollections of the young Proust . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 63 . 0300077807.
  46. Web site: Records of the Red Rose Guild . . archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk . 2024-02-20.
  47. News: 1976-06-29 . Wolverhampton Express and Star . . "Rejected" potter hits back . 9 . Wolverhampton, UK .
  48. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 63 . 0300077807.
  49. News: 1961-02-12 . Coventry Evening Telegraph . Jean Johnson . Ceramic painting on show in Coventry . 5 . Coventry, UK .
  50. News: 1953-10-17 . Liverpool Daily Post . Jean Johnson . if the walls could tell of those strange people . 4 . Liverpool, UK .
  51. Book: Buckman, David . 1998 . Dictionary of artists in Britain since 1945 . Art Dictionaries . Bristol, UK . 206 . 0953260909.
  52. News: 1943-10-04 . West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser . . Truro Artist Craftsman . 2 . Cornwall, UK .
  53. Web site: Red Rose Guild . . artbiogs.co.uk . 2024-02-20.
  54. News: 1971-09-04 . Manchester Evening News . . Mrs Margaret Clarkson . 3 . Manchester, England .
  55. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 76 . 0300077807.
  56. Book: Farleigh, John . 1950 . The creative craftsman . G Bell . London . 91 .
  57. Book: Margetts, Martina . 1998 . Peter Collingwood . The Firstsite . Colchester, UK . 13.
  58. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 123 .
  59. Book: Cooper, Emmanuel . 1987 . Cooper's Book of Glaze Recipes . Batsford . London . 1 . 9780713447323.
  60. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 98 . 9780900083075.
  61. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 125 .
  62. News: 1935-10-25 . Liverpool Daily Post . . Work of Lord Sefton's daughter on view . 13 . Liverpool, England .
  63. News: 1985-02-01 . Buckinghamshire Examiner . . Helen helps to weave a TV picture . 24 . Buckingham, England .
  64. News: 1953-10-14 . The Guardian . . Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen . 5 . London, UK .
  65. Book: Riddick, Sarah . 1990 . Pioneer studio pottery: The Milner White Collection . York City Art Gallery . London . 34 . 0853315817.
  66. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . C T Branford . London . 109 . 9780263517293.
  67. News: 1979-07-13 . Biggleswade Chronicle . . Women for all seasons . 56 . Biggleswade, UK .
  68. Book: Carter, Pat . 1990 . A dictionary of British studio potters . Gower Pub. Co . Aldershot, England . 54 . 9780859678001.
  69. News: 1951-06-23 . Clevedon Mercury . Louis Katin . Six Generations of Potters . 4 . Clevedon, UK .
  70. Web site: Northern Crafts Centre Institution . ArtFacts . 14 April 2024 . en.
  71. Book: Farmer . Mary . Makers: an illustrated guide to the work of more than 350 artist craftsmen . 1980 . Crafts Council . London . 0903798433 . 77.
  72. News: 1953-10-14 . The Guardian . . Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen . 5 . London, UK .
  73. Book: Fournier, Robert L . 1971 . Ceramic Creations . The Bonanza Books . New York, USA . 9780517126318 . 110 .
  74. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 235 .
  75. News: 1948-10-16 . Bradford Observer . . Yorks craftsmanship on show in North . 2 . Bradford, UK .
  76. News: 1955-10-25 . Lancashire Evening Post . Sylvia . Why be shy of colour? . 8 . Lancaster, UK .
  77. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th century . Yale University Press . Yale, USA . 118 . 0300077807 .
  78. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 236 .
  79. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 257 .
  80. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 258 .
  81. News: 1959-05-29 . Westminster and Pimlico News . . Uses mainly wood ash glazes . 7 . London, UK .
  82. Book: 1986 . Who's Who in American Art 22nd Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 218 . 0900083115 .
  83. News: 1948-10-16 . Bradford Observer . . Yorks craftsmanship on show in North . 2 . Bradford, UK .
  84. News: 1955-10-25 . Lancashire Evening Post . . Why be shy of colour? . 8 . Lancaster, UK .
  85. Book: Sherman, Vera . 1972 . Wall hangings of today . Soundings . London . 165 . 9781860424786.
  86. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 133 . 0300077807.
  87. Book: Anscombe, Isabelle . 1998 . A woman's touch . Soundings . London . 165 . 9781860424786.
  88. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 231 . 9780900083075.
  89. News: 1935-10-08 . Evening Despatch . E.S.F. . A Midland woman's diary . 8 . Birmingham, UK .
  90. News: 1983-09-15 . Nantwich Chronicle . . Floral artist dies in hospital . 3 . Nantwich, UK .
  91. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 63 . 0300077807.
  92. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 114 . 0713658622.
  93. Book: Coatts, Margot . 1983 . A Weaver's Life: Ethel Mairet, 1872-1952 . Crafts Study Centre . London . 4 . 0903798700.
  94. Book: Edwards, Clive . 2005 . British furniture, 1600-2000 . Intelligent Layman . London, England . 344 . 0947798307.
  95. News: 1971-10-14 . Staffordshire Sentinel . Harry Smith . R H Marlow's work for art education in the Potteries . 13 . Stafford, UK .
  96. Book: Gaze, Delia . 1997 . Dictionary women artists . Fitzroy Dearborn . London, England . 932 . 1884964214.
  97. Book: Dolman, Bernard . 1981 . A dictionary of contemporary British Artists, 1929 . Apollo Book . Suffolk, England . 315 . 0902028995.
  98. Book: Bowness, Alan . 1985 . St Ives, 1939-1964: twenty five years of painting, sculpture and pottery . Tate Gallery . London . 133 . 0946590206.
  99. Book: Backemeyer, Sylvia . 2000 . Making their mark: art, craft and design at the Central School, 1896-1966 . Herbert Press . London . 149 . 0713658622.
  100. News: 1969-10-17 . Huddersfield Daily Examiner . . Exhibition of teacher's homemade furniture . 9 . Huddersfield, UK .
  101. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 313 . 9780900083075.
  102. Book: Buckman, David . 1998 . Dictionary of artists in Britain since 1945 . Art Dictionaries . Bristol, UK . 889 . 0953260909.
  103. Book: Atterbury, Paul J . 2005 . Arts and Crafts to Art Deco . Antique Collectors Club . London . 30 . 9781851494880.
  104. Book: Val Baker, Denys . 1959 . Britain's Art Colony by the sea . G Ronald . London . 80 .
  105. Book: Neville, Kenneth . 1972 . The Craft of Enamelling . Mills and Boon . London . 6 . 0263516547.
  106. Book: Newhouse, Sue . 1993 . Creative hand embroidery: exquisite countryside scenes in simple stitches . Search . Tunbridge Wells . 1 . 0855327278.
  107. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 324 . 9780900083075.
  108. Book: Farleigh, John . 1950 . The creative craftsman . G Bell . London . 104 .
  109. Book: Whistler, Laurence . 1990 . The engraved glass of David Peace: The architecture of lettering . The Ruskin Gallery . Sheffield . 47 . 9780863211188.
  110. News: 1979-04-19 . Huddersfield Daily Examiner . . Carving her trophy with pride . 6 . Huddersfield, UK .
  111. Book: Doan . Laura . Garrity . Jane . 2006 . Sapphic modernities: sexuality, women and national culture . Palgrave Macmillan . New York USA . 121 . 9781403964984 .
  112. News: 1970-07-13 . Chester Chronicle . Peggy Woodcock . Chapel house was the answer to her prayers… . 45 . Chester, UK .
  113. Book: Mansfield, Edgar . 1976 . British bookbinding today . Indiana University Press . Bloomington, Indiana . 50 .
  114. News: 1953-10-14 . The Guardian . . Red Rose Guild of Craftsmen . 5 . London, UK .
  115. News: 1973-03-09 . Middleton Guardian . Stan Westall . The lady is also a tradesMAN . 12 . Middleton, UK .
  116. Book: Swinson, Antonia . 1999 . The Cousin's Tale . Flame . London . 144 . 9780340716946.
  117. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 371 . 9780900083075.
  118. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 69 . 0300077807.
  119. Book: 1966 . Who's Who in American Art 13th Edition . The Art Trade Press Ltd . New Providence, USA . 454 .
  120. Book: Sherman, Vera . 1972 . Wall hangings of today . Soundings . London . 111 . 9781860424786.
  121. Book: Brunton, Jennie . 2001 . The Arts and Crafts Movement in the Lake District: A social history . University of Lancaster . Lancaster . 52 . 9781862201118 .
  122. Book: Schoeser, Mary . 1984 . Marianne Straub . Design Council . London . 24 . 0850721539.
  123. Book: Waller, Irene . 1979 . Fine-art weaving: A study in the work of artist weavesr in Britain . Batsford . London . 140 . 0713404124 .
  124. News: 1931-10-26 . Leicester Evening Mail . Jane Grey . Diary of a Leicester Woman . 6 . Leicester, UK .
  125. News: 1948-10-16 . Bradford Observer . . Yorks craftsmanship on show in North . 2 . Bradford, UK .
  126. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 424 . 9780900083075.
  127. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 425 . 9780900083075.
  128. Book: Dolman, Bernard . 1981 . A dictionary of contemporary British Artists, 1929 . Apollo Book . Suffolk, England . 455 . 0902028995.
  129. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 446 . 9780900083075.
  130. Book: 1977 . Who's Who in Art: Biographies of leading men and women in the world of art today 18th Edition . Art Trade Press . Havant . 446 . 9780900083075.
  131. News: 1955-10-07 . Surrey Mirror . . Pottery Exhibition . 14 . Surrey, England .
  132. News: 1931-04-01 . Burnley Express . . Burnley Rendevous . 2 . Burnley .
  133. Book: 2009 . Glynne . Jonathan . Hackney . Fiona . Minton . Viv . Networks of design: proceedings ofhte 2008 annual international conference of the design history society (UK) . Universal Publishers . Baton Rouge, Florida . 518 . 9781599429069 .
  134. Book: Hewson, Alan . 1989 . Geoffrey Whiting: potter. A retrospective exhibition . Aberystwyth Arts Centre . Aberystwyth . 15 .
  135. Book: Wren, Rosemary . 1990 . Animal forms and figures . Batsford . London . 61 . 0713461276.
  136. Book: Harrod, Tanya . 1999 . The crafts in Britain in the 20th Century . Yale University Press . New Haven, USA . 42 . 0300077807.

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