| Official Name: | Red Hook, New York |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Mapsize: | 220px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | New York |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Dutchess |
| Government Type: | Town Council |
| Leader Title: | Town Supervisor |
| Leader Name: | Robert McKeon (D) |
| Leader Title1: | Town Council |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Established Date: | 1812 |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 103.70 |
| Area Land Km2: | 93.68 |
| Area Water Km2: | 10.03 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 40.04 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 36.17 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 3.87 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 9,953 |
| Population Density Km2: | 95.97 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 248.57 |
| Timezone: | Eastern (EST) |
| Utc Offset: | −5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | −4 |
| Elevation M: | 62 |
| Elevation Ft: | 203 |
| Coordinates: | 42.0128°N -73.8875°W |
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP Codes |
| Postal Code: | 12504, 12507, 12571 |
| Area Code: | 845 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 36-027-60905 |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 0979411 |
Red Hook is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 9,953 at the time of the 2020 census,[2] down from 11,319 in 2010.[3] The name is supposedly derived from the red foliage on trees on a small strip of land on the Hudson River[4] The town contains two villages, Red Hook and Tivoli. The town is in the northwest part of Dutchess County.
The town also contains two hamlets. Bard College is in the hamlet of Annandale-on-Hudson. The Unification Theological Seminary is in the hamlet of Barrytown. Both hamlets are located within the Hudson River Historic District.
The original inhabitants of this land were the Mohican, Munsee and Lenape people.[5] [6] During European settlement, Native American tribes played a fundamental role in the area's economy as they traded beaver skin with European settlers.[7] European settlers imported several foreign goods, such as cattle, horses, and sheep. Enslaved African American individuals were also brought. Through importing non-native species, the landscape and ecology of this region has been dramatically changed.[8]
European settler-colonial understandings of land-ownership are different from the perspectives of Mohican, Munsee and Lenape land use, a difference not often reflected in the land deeds that establish European presence on this land. The Lenape believed that Kishelëmukòng had created the earth for all people and creatures, meaning that land could not be appropriated by any individual or despoiled for personal profit. In this way, this group of people did not understand the process of selling land but believed they would receive continued access to it to hunt, fish, forage, or even plant crops.[9] Through Schuyler's Patent, Dutch settler Peter Schuyler acquired two tracts of land from unidentified native peoples, “one near Red Hook and one south of Poughkeepsie” in 1688.[10] One of the three place-names identified in Schuyler's Patent is given in the Munsee language.[11]
Prior to 1812, Red Hook was part of the town of Rhinebeck. Because Rhinebeck, as well other towns, had populations over 5,000 residents, the state legislature authorized the separation of these two precincts on June 12 to accommodate and encourage public attendance at town meetings via horseback or carriage. The first documented Town of Red Hook meeting was on April 6, 1813, in a local inn and held yearly afterwards as required by law. Wealthy landowning farmers oversaw the maintenance of their assigned roads with the help of their farm workers and neighbors. The Red Hook Society for the Apprehension and Detention of Horse Thieves is thought to be one of the oldest formal organizations in the state and still holds an annual meeting.
Prior to European settlement, the land surrounding the Mahicannituck, or the Hudson River, included “forested hills, meadows, and tributary streams”.[12] This landscape of the river, as well as the surrounding land, was often portrayed in a romanticized, naturalized fashion to depict an American “wilderness” that was devoid of Indigenous presence to further narratives of European exploration of the Americas.[13] This same landscape was described in small detail in Hendrick Aupaumut’s written account of the Native history of the Mohicans in 1791, showing that Native people enjoyed this same landscape prior to these settlers’ arrival.[14] Upon their arrival, settlers changed this landscape through the building of grist mills, sawmills, a carding machine, a trip hammer, and a distillery in 1797.[10] Other more contemporary examples of the change in the geography of the town of Red Hook include the development of Tivoli North Bay and Stony Creek watershed as well as the Tivoli South Bay and the Saw Kill watershed.[15] European settlement did not always cause environmental change but it may or may not have altered the rate at which environmental change naturally occurs.[16]
The Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohicans have identified Dutchess County, which includes Red Hook, as an area of archeological interest.[17]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town currently has a total area of 103.7sqkm, of which 93.7sqkm is land and 10sqkm, or 9.67%, is water.[3] The northern town line is the border of Columbia County. The western town boundary is the border of Ulster County and is delineated by the center of the Hudson River.
The town of Red Hook has its own school district (which also includes part of the neighboring towns of Milan and Livingston).[18] [19] Grades pre-kindergarten to five attend the Mill Road Elementary School, grades 6–8 attend the Linden Avenue Middle School, and grades 9–12 attend the Red Hook High School.Over 80% of its graduates go on to two and four-year colleges.[19]
| School | Grades | |
|---|---|---|
| Mill Road Elementary School | K to 5th | |
| Linden Avenue Middle School | 6th to 8th | |
| Red Hook High School | 9th to 12th |
Bard College (nee St. Stephen's College), established, 1860, is a private college in the hamlet of Annandale-on-Hudson with undergraduate and graduate programs.
Bard College has various components that are open to the general public.
The Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome, a living museum of aircraft, is in the southeast part of the town.
Poets' Walk Park is to the southwestern part of Red Hook. Created by landscape architect Hugo Jacob Ehlers, it is managed by the Scenic Hudson Land Trust and on its western side it overlooks the Hudson River.
As of the census[24] of 2010, there were 11,149 people, 3,851 households, and 2,473 families residing in the town. The population density was 283.6sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 3,851 housing units at an average density of 104.6sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the town was 90.1% white, 1.44% African American, .50% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, .65% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.7% of the population.
There were 3,851 households. 18.4% were children under the age of 18, 56.5% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were non-families. Of all households 23.4% were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 18.4% under the age of 18, 15.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89 males. The percentage of female persons was 51.3%.
The median income for a household in the town was $46,701, and the median income for a family was $57,950. Males had a median income of $42,099 versus $26,694 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,410. About 5.0% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.
Sky Park Airport was a public use general aviation facility located two nautical miles (4 km) east of Red Hook's central business district (Broadway-US 9 and Market Street -NY 199).[26] Sky Park Airport is no longer in service.
U.S Route 9 runs north-south through Red Hook. New York State Route 9G passes north-south through villages in that are adjacent to the Hudson River. New York State Route 199 runs east-west through the town, and it passes west over the Hudson River towards Kingston, New York.
Until 1956, as many as three New York Central Railroad trains a day south-bound from Albany to New York City made stops at Barrytown's depot (in the hamlet to the Hudson River tributary, Sawkill Creek, south of Bard College). As many as four north-bound trains a day, including the Delaware & Hudson's Laurentian, made stops at Barrytown.[27] By 1960, the depot fell from the NYC's passenger schedules as a station stop.[28]