Red Flavor Explained

Red Flavor
Cover:Red Velvet - Red Flavor Remix.png
Caption:Mar Vista remix cover
Border:yes
Type:single
Artist:Red Velvet
Ep:The Red Summer
Studio:
  • SM LVYIN Studio
  • SM Blue Cup Studio
  • Doobdoob Studio
Label:
Lyricist:
Composer:
  • Daniel Caesar
  • Ludwig Lindell
Prev Title:Would U
Prev Year:2017
Next Title:Rebirth
Next Year:2017

"Red Flavor" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Red Velvet for their first Korean special extended play, The Red Summer (2017). It was released as the lead single from the EP on July 9, 2017, through SM Entertainment and was distributed by Genie Music, along with the accompanying fruit-infused music video. Written by SM collaborator Kenzie and composed by Daniel Caesar and Ludwig Lindell (known collectively as Caesar & Loui), it is primarily a dance-pop song with synths and percussion. The song reflects the summer funky vibe, while the lyrics hint towards a young relationship with summer references. A Japanese version of the song, adapted by songwriter Kami Kaoru, was later included on the group's first Japanese EP,

  1. Cookie Jar
, on July 4, 2018.

"Red Flavor" was well received by music critics; the song has appeared on several critics year-end lists and was awarded Best Pop Song at the 15th Korean Music Awards. In 2019, Billboard ranked it as the second greatest K-pop song of the 2010s. The song was a commercial success in South Korea, becoming Red Velvet's first number-one on the Gaon Digital Chart, their longest-charting single to date on said chart, and their fifth song to sell over one million downloads. It additionally peaked at number four on the Billboard World Digital Songs chart in the United States, and was the group's first single to enter the Billboard charts in Japan and the Philippines.

Since its release, Red Velvet has performed "Red Flavor" for all of their headlining concert tours. The song was performed at the Spring is Coming concert in Pyongyang at the East Pyongyang Grand Theatre (alongside "Bad Boy") to an audience that included Korean Workers' Party chairman Kim Jong-un. Seen as an act of a wider diplomatic initiative between South Korea and North Korea, the group's appearance at the concert made them only the fifth idol group to have performed in North Korea and the first artist from SM in 15 years, since boy group Shinhwa. The song has also been adapted into an orchestral version by Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, featuring the arrangement of Park In-young.

Background and release

After the release of their fourth extended play Rookie in February, Red Velvet released the digital single "Would U" as the first release for the second season of the label project SM Station in March 2017.[1] [2] It was the group's first single as a quartet in years due to member Joy's filming schedule for her first drama The Liar and His Lover (2017),[3] in which she was starring as the female lead.[4] Through Star-News and SM Entertainment's official press announcement on June 23, 2017, they were reported to have recently finished filming a music video.[5] It eventually became Red Velvet's second comeback within a calendar year, which was later extended to a total of three times with the release of their second studio album Perfect Velvet in late November 2017.[6] On June 30, the first batch of teaser photos were posted on the group's official social media accounts. The EP's title and its full tracklist, which included "Red Flavor", were revealed on the same day.[7] The song had its official digital release on July 9, 2017, along with The Red Summer. The remix of "Red Flavor" by Mar Vista was released on August 31, 2023.[8]

Recording and composition

"Red Flavor" was produced by Daniel Caesar and Ludwig Lindell (under the name of Caesar & Loui), who had previously worked with several South Korean artists in this name.[9] In an interview with Tone Glow, the duo revealed that it had originally been written for the British girl group Little Mix with the title "Dance With Nobody". After deciding that the song could also work for the K-pop market, they recorded the demo with vocals by Ylva Dimberg whose voice is still heard in the background vocals in the pre-chorus. A low voice was featured in the intro and chorus of the song.[10]

Musically, Tamar Herman of Billboard characterized "Red Flavor" as an electropop song with "dramatic synths and a percussive melody". It is composed in the key of A major, with a tempo of 125 beats per minute.[11] [12] Hwang Sun-eob of IZM noted the "sensuous composition of the bassline or synthesizer". In addition, Chase McMullen of The 405 noted that the song includes a "clap-along groove".[13] Its Korean lyrics, which were written by long-time SM songwriter Kenzie, Caesar, and Lindell focuses on the theme of "fruit-flavored summer love". Initially released in Korean, a Japanese version of the song was performed at their first Japan showcase on November 6, 2017.[14] The Japanese version of "Red Flavor" was then included on Red Velvet's first Japanese EP

  1. Cookie Jar
(2018), with the single of the same name.[15] The Japanese version of the song was adapted by songwriter Kami Kaoru.[16]

Critical reception and recognition

Following its initial release, "Red Flavor" was met with positive reviews from music critics. Tamar Herman of Billboard magazine called the track "dynamic in its jam-packed, but not overpowering production" and concluded that it is "sure to be one of the summer's K-pop earworms". Jeff Benjamin of Fuse described the song as a "super-simple-to-swallow piece of pop", giving credit to the "cheery-chanty melody", which he pointed to as one of Red Velvet's more accessible tunes.[17] McMullen complimented the song as an "effortless pop glide", while Lee Gi-seon of IZM magazine praised the song's unique production and the group's vocals.[18] Chester Chin of The Star labelled the song an "in-your-face summer jam" and added that it was "relentlessly catchy".[19] Taylor Glasby of Dazed commented that the song "shouldn't be seen as merely a quirky fix", stating: "It's complex and intimidating and that it feels so immediate and identifiable on the surface is just emblematic of its greatness." With the mighty punch of its chorus, she claimed the song "completely won the summer".[20]

GQ Korea named "Red Flavor" its Song of the Year in the magazine's November 2017 issue. In December, IZM listed the song as one of its top 10 singles of the year.[21] [22] Dazed ranked the song at number two on its list of the 20 Best K-pop Songs of 2017. The song landed on Billboards 20 Best K-Pop Songs 2017 list at number four, with Jeff Benjamin praising its uplifting, addictive, deliciously bubblegum melody.[23] The magazine later featured "Red Flavor" in their decennial staff list of The 100 Greatest K-pop Songs of the 2010s at number two, calling it an "undeniable hit since day one and remains ever-beloved by fans worldwide".[24] The song also landed on Melon's domestic Top 100 Songs of the 2010s list at number 29 (number 9 among K-pop idols).[25] Billboard and NME ranked "Red Flavor" number 1 and 4 in their lists of best Red Velvet songs, respectively.[26] [27] Melon ranked it number 20 while Rolling Stone ranked it number 13 in their lists of the greatest K-pop songs of all time, with the latter publication praising its production and hailing it as the epitome of "summertime fun, adventure, and romance."

BillboardThe Best K-pop Songs of 2017: Critics' Picks4
The 100 Greatest K-pop Songs of the 2010s: Staff List2
The Daily DotThe absolute best K-pop of 2017Placed[28]
DazedThe 20 best K-pop songs of 20172
GQ Korea2017 GQ AwardsPlaced
IZMTop 10 Songs of 2017
MelonTop 100 K-pop Songs of All Time20[29]
Music YTop 10 Songs of 20171[30]
Rolling Stone100 Greatest Songs in the History of Korean Pop Music13[31]
SBS PopAsiaTop 7 K-pop songs of 2017Placed[32]
WeivThe Best Tracks of 2017[33]

Accolades

Following the group's initial South Korea music shows promotion, Red Velvet earned their first Show Champion trophy for "Red Flavor" on July 20, 2017, and continued to achieve a total of five trophies by the end of July 2017.[34] It was nominated for the Song of the Year - July category at the 7th Gaon Chart Music Awards in 2018, but lost to labelmate Exo's "Ko Ko Bop".[35] The song, however, won in the Best Digital Song category at the 32nd Golden Disc Awards, becoming the group's second time to win this category following "Ice Cream Cake" in 2016. "Red Flavor" also earned Red Velvet their first Korean Music Awards in their career in the Best Pop Song category.[36] The song also received a nomination in the Song of the Year category at the 2017 Mnet Asian Music Awards, but lost to Twice's "Signal".[37]

Year! scope="col"
Organization AwardResult
2017Melon Music AwardsBest Dance Award – Female[38]
Mnet Asian Music AwardsBest Dance Performance – Female Group[39]
Song of the Year
2018Golden Disc AwardsDigital Bonsang[40]
Digital Daesang
Korean Music AwardsBest Pop Song[41]
Song of the Year
Gaon Chart Music AwardsSong of the Month – July 2017
Program! width="130"
Date
Show Champion July 19, 2017[42]
M Countdown July 20, 2017[43]
Music Bank July 21, 2017[44]
Show! Music Core July 22, 2017[45]
Inkigayo July 23, 2017[46]

Commercial performance

Within the first 24 hours after its release, "Red Flavor" quickly topped seven Korean digital charts.[47] On the third week of July 2017, the song debuted atop the Gaon Digital Chart for one week, giving Red Velvet their first number one on the chart since their debut in August 2014. It was also the group's second chart-topper on the component Gaon Download Chart with 291,643 downloads, scoring their best selling record in the first week while reaching number two on the Gaon Streaming Chart for four consecutive weeks.[48] [49] [50] Following its appearance at number 20 on 2017's Gaon Year-End Digital Chart, "Red Flavor" became Red Velvet's longest-charting entry to date, having spent a total of 64 consecutive weeks within the top 100 of the Digital Chart,[51] [52] while re-appearing for 16 weeks on the lower half of the new top 200 as of September 2019.[53] [54] The song also debuted at number two on the Billboard K-pop Hot 100, making it their first top-five entry.[55] [56] As of September 2018, the song has sold over 2,500,000 downloads in South Korea, making it the group's fifth million-seller and currently their best selling single. Gaon also reported that the song has accumulated over 100 million streams, making it Red Velvet's second song to reach the milestone, following "Russian Roulette" (2016). The former appeared again as the 58th biggest hit single on 2018's Gaon Year-End Digital Chart, which saw the most year-end entries from the group with a total of four releases, including "Bad Boy" at number 26.

Elsewhere, the song debuted at number four on the US Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart, making it Red Velvet's third song to debut and peak at the same position following "Happiness" (2014) and "Rookie" (2017).[57] The Korean version also debuted at number 24 and 25 on the Billboard Philippine Hot 100 and Billboard Japan Hot 100 respectively,[58] marking the group's first entry and their highest peak to date on the Japanese chart.

Music video

Background

On July 7, 2017, a 19-second video teaser for "Red Flavor" was uploaded on the official SM Town channel, with the official video being released two days later.[59] The visual was released on SM Entertainment's official YouTube channel on July 9, 2017, to coincide with the digital release of The Red Summer. Choreographed by Kyle Hanagami who had previously worked with the group for their singles "Be Natural" (2014), "Ice Cream Cake" (2015) and "Russian Roulette" (2016),[60] [61] the song's music video was directed by director Seong Chang-won.[62] Joy recalled running into SM Entertainment founder Lee Soo-man at an SM Town dinner, who disclosed to her that he had been heavily involved in overseeing a lot for the song, including its lyrics, melody, rhythm, and even the choreography.[63]

Synopsis and reception

The fruit-infused music video has a colorful summer theme that features all five members singing about love in the summer. It shows various scenes in where Red Velvet can be seen interviewing fruits, and appears on a small screen, expressing something with their hands, which turned out to be a sign language.[64] [65] It depicts people falling in love with colorful and intense colors, fruits and drinks over the lively pop beats.[66] The song was highlighted by its colorful movements reminiscent of cheerleading.[67] Following the music video's release, writer Tamar Herman of Billboard described it as "evoking the tastes of fresh fruit, candy, ice cream and cocktails" further praising the video for its "vibrant seasonal romance" picture. The music video was included in Idology's 2017 Best Music Videos.[68] The music video was also one of YouTube Korea's Top 10 Most Popular Music Videos of 2017.[69] On September 10, 2018, the music video for the track reached 100 million views on YouTube.[70]

Live performances

A day before its digital release, "Red Flavor" was performed live by Red Velvet for the first time at an SMTOWN concert in Seoul.[71] Hours after the release on July 9, 2017, the group had their first music show performance on Inkigayo, where they also performed "You Better Know".[72] They continued appearing on several music shows such as The Show, M Countdown, Music Bank, and Show Champion where they earned their first music show trophy for "Red Flavor" on July 20, 2017.[73] The song was also part of Red Velvet's first solo concert tour Red Room in August 2017.[74] It is the first Red Velvet song to be recorded and performed in Japanese, serving as their debut performance during a showcase in Japan on November 6, 2017,[75] and later being performed during the Japanese leg of the annual SMTOWN Live World Tour.[76] During the group's attendance at 2017 Mnet Asian Music Awards, they performed the Hitchhiker remix version of the song along with their November single "Peek-a-Boo".[77] The second remix contained an anthemic EDM-breakdown after the final chorus.[78]

As part of the group's attendance and performance at the Spring is Coming concert,[79] which was intended as part of a wider diplomatic initiative between South Korea and North Korea, Red Velvet performed the song along with "Bad Boy" in Pyongyang at the East Pyongyang Grand Theatre to an audience that saw the appearance of Korean Workers' Party chairman Kim Jong-un. This made them only the fifth idol group to ever perform in North Korea and the first artist from SM Entertainment in 15 years since the performance of former labelmate Shinhwa.[80] [81] [82]

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Red Summer and #Cookie Jar.

Studio

Personnel

Charts

Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance
Chart (2017)Peak
position
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[83] 25
Philippines (Philippine Hot 100)[84] 24
South Korea (Gaon)[85] 1
South Korea (K-pop Hot 100)2
US World Digital Songs (Billboard)[86] 4

Year-end charts

Release history

Release dates and formats for "Red Flavor"!Region!Date!Format(s)!Version!Label(s)!
VariousJuly 9, 2017Korean[90]
July 4, 2018Japanese[91]
August 31, 2023Mar Vista remix

Orchestra version

Red Flavor (Orchestra Version)
Cover:Seoul_Philharmonic_Orchestra_and_Park In-young_-_Red_Flavor_(Orchestra_Version).png
Border:yes
Type:single
Artist:Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra and Park In-young
Genre:
Label:
Composer:
  • Daniel Caesar
  • Ludwig Lindell

"Red Flavor (Orchestra Version)" is an orchestral song recorded by South Korean orchestra Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, re-established with the arrangement of Park In-young.[92] SM Entertainment made its first collaboration with the orchestra forming a new classical label, SM Classics, creating an orchestral version of "Red Flavor". The music video for the "Red Flavor" orchestra features a 44-man orchestra performing "Red Flavor" under the direction of David Lee.[93]

Track listing

  1. "Red Flavor (Orchestra Version)"3:21

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Melon and Tidal.[95]

Studio

Personnel

Release history

Release dates and formats for "Red Flavor (Orchestra Version)"!Region!Date!Format(s)!Label(s)!
VariousJuly 17, 2020[96]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Son. Ye-ji. March 31, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, 봄맞이 달콤설렘송… 'SM 스테이션2' 막 올랐다. Red Velvet's Springtime Sweet Heartbeat, 'SM Station 2' Just Went Up. https://tenasia.hankyung.com/topic/article/2017033147874. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222092459/https://tenasia.hankyung.com/topic/article/2017033147874. December 22, 2020. March 12, 2020. Ten Asia. ko.
  2. News: Park. Soo-jung. March 31, 2017. ko:[팝업뮤직]레드벨벳의 봄, 상큼 ‘루키’→달콤 ‘우드 유’. ko. [Pop-up Music] Red Velvet's Spring, Refreshing 'Rookie' to Sweet 'Would U'. Herald Pop. http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201703311622066581682_1. live. February 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109071812/http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201703311622066581682_1. January 9, 2021.
  3. News: Park. Seol. March 23, 2017. ko:"대만도, 루키루키!" 레드벨벳, 4월 프로모션 간다. ko. "Taiwan, Rookie Rookie!" Red Velvet Goes to Promotion in April. TV Report. https://m.tvreport.co.kr/974613. live. February 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210221134524/https://m.tvreport.co.kr/974613. February 21, 2021.
  4. News: Jeong. An-ji. July 17, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, 첫 단독 리얼리티 시작…8월 2일 첫 방송. ko. Red Velvet Will Begins Its First Solo Reality Show and Will Premiere on August 2. Sports Chosun. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003122770. live. May 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190531165340/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=076&aid=0003122770. May 31, 2019.
  5. News: Yoon. Sang-geun. June 23, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, 7월 컴백 예정..SM "뮤비 촬영 마쳤다". ko. Red Velvet to Make a Comeback in July, SM "Music Video Finishes Shooting". Star News. http://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=108&aid=0002624461. live. November 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20190531165339/https://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=108&aid=0002624461. May 31, 2019.
  6. News: Choo. Young-joon. November 8, 2017. ko:컴백 레드벨벳, '루키→빨간맛→피카부' 퍼펙트 히트 예고. ko. Red Velvet Comeback, 'Rookie, Red Flavor, Peek-A-Boo', Perfect Hit Announcement. Segye Ilbo. http://www.segye.com/newsView/20171108005630. live. February 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224140010/http://www.segye.com/newsView/20171108005630. February 24, 2021.
  7. News: Jung. Hee-yeon. June 30, 2017. ko:'컴백' 레드벨벳, 타이틀곡 '빨간 맛'…7월 9일 공개. ko. Red Velvet 'Comeback', Title Track 'Red Flavor' to be Revealed on July 9. Sports Dong-A. http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&aid=0000575798. live. November 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20200815051335/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=382&aid=0000575798. August 15, 2020.
  8. News: Choi . Ryeong . iScreaM 프로젝트…레드벨벳 '빨간맛' 리믹스 싱글 발매 . September 22, 2023 . . August 31, 2023 . ko.
  9. Web site: Ziwei. Puah. June 19, 2019. Watch the Dizzying Video for Red Velvet's New Single 'Zimzalabim'. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190619131130/https://www.nme.com/news/music/listen-latest-red-velvet-single-zimzalabim-2511200. June 19, 2019. February 23, 2021. NME. en-GB.
  10. Web site: August 8, 2017. Korean Flavors: An Interview with Songwriting/Production Duo Caesar & Loui. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022612/https://www.toneglow.net/features/caesar-loui-interview. November 12, 2020. November 15, 2017. Tone Glow.
  11. Web site: BPM for Red Flavor by Red Velvet. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222094816/https://songbpm.com/@red-velvet/bbalgan-mas-red-flavor. December 22, 2020. November 10, 2017. SongBPM.
  12. Web site: Red Flavor - Spot On Track. registration. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222095601/https://www.spotontrack.com/login. December 22, 2020. November 12, 2017. Spot On Track.
  13. Web site: McMullen. Chase. July 14, 2017. Review: Red Velvet's concise and carefree new offering Red Summer is the perfect K-pop treat for the height of the season. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809172139/https://www.thefourohfive.com/music/review/review-red-velvet-s-concise-and-carefree-new-offering-red-summer-is-the-perfect-k-pop-treat-for-the-height-of-the-season-149. August 9, 2017. November 10, 2017. The 405.
  14. Web site: Peterson. Jacques. November 7, 2017. Going Global! Red Velvet are Making Waves in Japan. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200709043142/https://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2017/11/07/going-global-red-velvet-are-making-waves-japan. July 9, 2020. November 10, 2017. SBS PopAsia.
  15. Herman. Tamar. June 21, 2018. Red Velvet's First Japanese Single '#Cookie Jar' is a Full-Blown Sugar Rush: Watch. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711050927/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8462110/red-velvet-cookie-video. July 11, 2018. February 24, 2021. Billboard.
    1. Cookie Jar
    . Red Velvet. 2018. Credits. photobook. SM Entertainment, Avex Trax. Japan.
  17. Red Velvet Capture the Taste of Summer with 'Red Flavor': Watch the Video. K-Stop. Fuse. December 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201222110637/https://www.fuse.tv/2017/07/red-velvet-red-flavor-mv-summer. December 22, 2020.
  18. Web site: Lee . Gi-seon . July 2017 . The Red Summer Review . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200806211512/http://izm.co.kr/contentRead.asp?idx=28621&bigcateidx=1&subcateidx=3&view_tp=1 . August 6, 2020 . November 10, 2017 . IZM . ko.
  19. Web site: Chin. Chester. September 26, 2017. 'The Red Summer': K-Pop Girl Group Red Velvet's Sizzling Affair. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190223184632/https://www.star2.com/entertainment/2017/09/26/kpop-red-velvet-music-review/. February 23, 2019. November 15, 2017. Star2.
  20. News: Glasby. Taylor. December 7, 2017. The 20 Best K-Pop Songs of 2017. Dazed. live. December 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20201220045235/https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/38328/1/the-20-best-k-pop-songs-of-2017. December 20, 2020.
  21. Web site: December 2017. ko:2017 올해의 가요 싱글. Top 10 Singles of 2017. Neo Music Communication IZM . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109043255/http://www.izm.co.kr/contentRead.asp?idx=28924&bigcateidx=19&subcateidx=20&view_tp=1. November 9, 2020. December 4, 2017. IZM. ko.
  22. November 2017. 2017 GQ Awards. GQ Korea. ko.
  23. Web site: Benjamin. Jeff. Herman. Tamar. Kelley. Caitlin. December 14, 2017. The Best K-pop Songs of 2017: Critics' Picks. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201122102223/https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/year-in-music-2017/8070355/best-k-pop-songs-of-2017-top-20/. November 22, 2020. December 16, 2017. Billboard.
  24. November 25, 2019. The 100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s: Staff List. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109083017/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/list/8544710/best-k-pop-songs-2010s-top-100. November 9, 2020. November 27, 2019. Billboard.
  25. Web site: ko:2010년대 국내종합 연대차트. Top 100 Songs of Past Decade. Melon . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201201054500/http://www.melon.com/chart/age/index.htm?chartType=AG&chartGenre=KPOP&chartDate=2010. December 1, 2020. December 23, 2020. Melon. ko.
  26. July 31, 2019 . The 25 Best Red Velvet Songs: Critic's Picks . Billboard . en-US . October 4, 2022.
  27. Web site: Assis . Tássia . March 22, 2022 . Every Red Velvet song ranked in order of greatness . October 4, 2022 . NME . en-GB.
  28. Web site: Tucci . Sherry . August 10, 2017 . Best K-Pop 2017: The Absolute Best Stuff Out There . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170211213201/https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/best-new-kpop-2017/ . February 11, 2017 . December 23, 2020 . The Daily Dot.
  29. Web site: Top 100 K-pop songs of all time revealed . Manila Bulletin . October 12, 2021 . August 29, 2021.
  30. Web site: 레드벨벳 (Red Velvet) 『The Red Summer』. Music Y . October 4, 2023 . en . December 29, 2017.
  31. Web site: 2023-07-20 . The 100 Greatest Songs in the History of Korean Pop Music . 2023-07-20 . Rolling Stone . en-US.
  32. Web site: January 12, 2018. Top 7 K-Pop songs of 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200128082746/https://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2018/01/11/top-7-k-pop-songs-2017. January 28, 2020. December 23, 2020. SBS PopAsia.
  33. Web site: Jeong. Gu-won. Na. Won-young. January 7, 2018. ko:[2017 연말결산] 필자들이 꼽은 올해의 트랙 (국내). The Best Tracks of 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180111103741/http://www.weiv.co.kr/archives/23556. January 11, 2018. January 9, 2021. Weiv. ko.
  34. News: July 23, 2017. ko:레드벨벳 “인기가요 1위 고마워요”…5관왕 달성 후 기쁨의 인증샷. ko. Red Velvet's: "Thank you for Our First Win on Inkigayo", A Photo of Happiness After Five Wins. Seoul Shinmun. http://en.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20170723500089&wlog_tag3=naver. live. February 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224151420/http://en.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20170723500089&wlog_tag3=naver. February 24, 2021.
  35. Web site: 2017 Gaon Chart Music Award. dead. https://archive.today/20180216014000/http://www.kpopawards.co.kr/sub.php?sub=3&ti=1. February 16, 2018. May 12, 2020. Gaon Chart Music Awards.
  36. News: Lee. Jung-ho. February 28, 2018. ko:혁오·강태구, 韓대중음악상 3관왕 달성..BTS 올해의 음악상. ko. HYUKOH and Kang Tae-gu Won Three Awards at the Korea Popular Music Awards, BTS Won the Music of the Year Award. Star News. https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018022816273517290. live. May 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200607032528/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2018022816273517290. June 7, 2020.
  37. Herman. Tamar. December 1, 2017. 15 Must-Watch Videos From 2017 MAMA In Hong Kong. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200920151851/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8054872/mama-2017-must-watch-videos-hong-kong. September 20, 2020. May 12, 2020. Billboard.
  38. Web site: ko:댄스 후보 리스트. Dance Candidate List. http://www.melon.com/mma/vote/svote.htm?awardType=V17009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171122053124/http://www.melon.com/mma/vote/svote.htm?awardType=V17009. November 22, 2017. February 25, 2021. Melon. ko.
  39. Web site: 2017 Mnet Asian Music Awards. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190322175221/https://www.mwave.me/en/mama/history/winners/list?years=2017. March 22, 2019. December 23, 2020. Mwave.
  40. Web site: ko:2018년 32회 수상자 리스트. List of Winners of the 32nd Annual Awards in 2018. http://goldendisc.co.kr/kr/history/. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191206032559/http://goldendisc.co.kr/kr/history/. December 6, 2019. December 23, 2020. Golden Disc Awards. ko.
  41. Web site: ko:최우수 팝 노래. Best Pop Song. http://koreanmusicawards.com/2018/winner/winner_genre/. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050414/http://koreanmusicawards.com/2018/winner/winner_genre/. March 3, 2018. December 23, 2020. Korean Music Awards. ko.
  42. News: Ji. Min-kyung. July 19, 2017. ko:'쇼챔피언' 레드벨벳, 1위 등극...'빨간맛' 통했다. ko. Red Velvet Won First Place in 'Show Champion', Red Flavor Leads. OSEN. live. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108111921/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/07/19/2017071903405.html. January 8, 2021.
  43. News: July 20, 2017. ko:'엠카운트다운' 레드벨벳 '빨간 맛' 1위…엑소 '코코팝'-정용화 컴백 & KARD 데뷔. ko. Red Velvet's 'Red Flavor' Wins First Place in 'M Countdown', EXO 'Ko Ko Bop' - Jung Yong-hwa Comeback & KARD Debut. Busan Ilbo. live. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108122439/http://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=20170720000200. January 8, 2021.
  44. News: Cho. Hye-ryeon. July 21, 2017. ko:여름요정 레드벨벳, '뮤직뱅크' 1위…엑소+정용화 컴백. ko. Red Velvet, The Summer Fairies Won First Place on Music Bank, EXO and Jung Yong-hwa Comeback. TV Report. live. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170812164137/https://www.dispatch.co.kr/823573. August 12, 2017.
  45. News: July 22, 2017. ko:'음악중심' 레드벨벳 '빨간 맛' 1위…엑소 '코코밤'-정용화 '여자여자해' 컴백. ko. Red Velvet's 'Red Flavor' Wins First Place in 'Show! Music Core', EXO's 'Ko Ko Bop' and Jung Yong-hwa 'That Girl' Comeback. Busan Ilbo. http://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=20170722000037. live. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229021310/http://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=20170722000037. December 29, 2020.
  46. News: Hwang. Seung-bin. July 23, 2017. ko:'인기가요' 레드벨벳 1위로 5관광 "여름이니까 빨간 맛". ko. Red Velvet's Fifth First Place in 'Inkigayo', "Because, it's summer Red Flavor.". Maeil Business Newspaper. live. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108125829/https://www.mk.co.kr/star/hot-issues/view/2017/07/493683/. January 8, 2021.
  47. News: Ko. Kyu-dae. July 9, 2017. ko:레드벨벳 ‘빨간 맛’ 7개 음원 챠트 1위 컴백. ko. Red Velvet Tops Seven Korean Digital Music Charts with 'Red Flavor' Comeback. Edaily. https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0003869665. live. February 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20170918153433/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=018&aid=0003869665. September 18, 2017.
  48. Web site: September 11, 2018. ko:GAON′s 관찰노트. Gaon's Observation Notes. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204245/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/article/view.gaon?idx=14409&sgenre=opinion. September 12, 2018. December 19, 2018. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  49. Web site: ko:2017년 28주차 Streaming Chart. 2017, Week 28 Streaming Chart. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170730023325/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1040&targetTime=28&hitYear=2017&termGbn=week. July 30, 2017. May 1, 2020. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  50. Web site: ko:2017년 31주차 Streaming Chart. 2017, Week 31 Streaming Chart. http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1040&targetTime=31&hitYear=2017&termGbn=week. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091645/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=S1040&targetTime=31&hitYear=2017&termGbn=week. August 10, 2017. February 21, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  51. Web site: ko:빨간 맛 – 2017년 구분 Digital Chart. Red Flavor – 2017 Division Digital Chart. http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/search/list.gaon?serviceGbn=ALL&nationGbn=&yyyy=2017&condition=1&search_str=Red+Flavor. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220133458/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/search/list.gaon?serviceGbn=ALL&nationGbn=&yyyy=2017&condition=1&search_str=Red+Flavor. February 20, 2021. February 20, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  52. Web site: ko:빨간 맛 – 2018년 구분 Digital Chart. Red Flavor – 2018 Division Digital Chart. http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/search/list.gaon?serviceGbn=ALL&nationGbn=&yyyy=2018&condition=1&search_str=Red+Flavor. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220133844/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/search/list.gaon?serviceGbn=ALL&nationGbn=&yyyy=2018&condition=1&search_str=Red+Flavor. February 20, 2021. February 20, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  53. Web site: ko:2019년 20주차 Digital Chart. 2019, Week 20 Digital Chart. http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=20&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190707121509/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=20&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week. July 7, 2019. February 20, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  54. Web site: ko:2019년 35주차 Digital Chart. 2019, Week 35 Digital Chart. http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=35&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190915081402/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=35&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week. September 15, 2019. February 20, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  55. Web site: Billboard K-Pop Hot 100 – The Week of July 17 – 23, 2017. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124431/http://www.billboard.co.kr/index_subpage.html?mainwhat=1&subwhat=0&nchart_pos=5. December 14, 2017. January 9, 2021. Billboard Korea.
  56. Chart History: Red Velvet – Billboard K-Pop 100. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103005910/https://www.billboard.com/music/red-velvet/chart-history/KPO. January 3, 2020. February 20, 2021. Billboard.
  57. Chart History: Red Velvet – World Digital Song Sales. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103005904/https://www.billboard.com/music/red-velvet/chart-history/WDT. January 3, 2020. February 20, 2021. Billboard.
  58. Web site: Japan Hot 100 Chart – The Week of July 29, 2017. subscription. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140736/https://www.billboard.com/charts/japan-hot-100/2017-07-29. July 29, 2017. December 4, 2017. Billboard Japan.
  59. Red Velvet 레드벨벳 '빨간 맛 (Red Flavor)' MV Teaser. ko. SMTOWN. Red Velvet 'Red Flavor' MV Teaser. February 21, 2021. YouTube.
  60. News: Jung. Byung-keun. November 16, 2017. ko:레드벨벳 "빨간맛' 성공, 부담되지만 자신감 생겨". ko. Red Velvet's "'Red Flavor' Success, Burdened but Confident". Joy News 24. http://www.joynews24.com/view/1060745. live. February 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224051612/http://www.joynews24.com/view/1060745. February 24, 2021.
  61. Red Velvet 'Power Up' Dance Practice Behind the Scenes with Kyle Hanagami. August 30, 2018. Red Velvet. YouTube.
  62. The Red Summer. Red Velvet. 2017. Credits. photobook. SM Entertainment, Genie Music. South Korea.
  63. News: September 15, 2017. ko:'해투' 레드벨벳 "'빨간맛', 이수만이 공 들인 곡". ko. 'Happy Together' Red Velvet, "'Red Flavor', the Song that Lee Soo-man Worked on". Star News. https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017091423341197480. live. February 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225130600/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017091423341197480. February 25, 2021.
  64. News: July 10, 2017. ko:레드벨벳 '빨간 맛' MV에 담긴 '뭉클한' 비밀. ko. Red Velvet's 'Red Flavor' MV has a 'Humpy' Secret. JoongAng Ilbo. https://news.joins.com/article/21744518. live. February 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20180416143753/https://news.joins.com/article/21744518. April 16, 2018.
  65. News: Ko. Myung-jin. July 11, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, 신곡 '빨간 맛' MV에 수화가 등장?. ko. Sign Language Appears in Red Velvet's New Song 'Red Flavor' Music Video?. Money Today. https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2017071109420570097. live. February 23, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210223141208/https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2017071109420570097. February 23, 2021.
  66. News: Yoon. Sang-geun. February 24, 2021. ko:美 퓨즈TV "레드벨벳 신곡 '빨간 맛', 요정 같은 트랙". ko. Fuse TV "Red Velvet's New Song 'Red Flavor', Fairy-like Track". Star News. https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017071215023196254&type=1&outlink=1. live. February 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224061912/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017071215023196254&type=1&outlink=1. February 24, 2021.
  67. Web site: Yoon. Joon-pil. July 12, 2017. ko:美 퓨즈TV, 레드벨벳 집중 조명...'보는 맛'도 잡은 '빨간 맛'. Fuse TV, Red Velvet's Highlights, 'Red Flavor' that Caught the 'Viewing Taste'. http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1253393. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170927053314/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/1253393. September 27, 2017. November 15, 2017. Ten Asia. ko.
  68. Web site: April 1, 2018. ko:결산 2017 : 베스트 뮤직비디오. 2017 Best Music Videos. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180404040026/http://idology.kr/10140. April 4, 2018. January 9, 2021. Idology. ko.
  69. News: Hicap. Jonathan. December 8, 2017. 2017's Top K-Pop Music Videos on YouTube in Korea Revealed. Manila Bulletin. dead. December 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180711063210/https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2017/12/08/2017s-top-k-pop-music-videos-on-youtube-in-korea-revealed/. July 11, 2018.
  70. News: Kang. Kyung-joo. September 11, 2018. ko:"대단해!"…레드벨벳, 피카부·빨간 맛 MV 유튜브 1억뷰 돌파. ko. "Amazing!", Red Velvet's Peek-A-Boo and Red Flavor Music Video on YouTube Hits 100 Million Views. Korea Economic Daily. https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/201809112502H. live. February 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143311/https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/201809112502H. February 19, 2021.
  71. News: Yang. Ji-yeon. July 2, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, SM타운 콘서트서 신곡 '빨간 맛' 최초 공개···조이 티저 오픈. ko. Red Velvet Releases New Song 'Red Flavor' at SMTOWN Concert for the First Time, Joy Teaser Released. Seoul Economic Daily. Naver. http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=011&aid=0003062904. live. November 10, 2017. https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=011&aid=0003062904. December 22, 2020.
  72. Web site: Cho. Yoon-sun. July 9, 2017. ko:이효리, '인기가요'로 음방 피날레…레드벨벳 신곡 첫 공개. Lee Hyo-ri, Music Show Finale with 'Inkigayo', Red Velvet's First New Song. http://sports.chosun.com/news/utype.htm?id=201707090100076180005658&ServiceDate=20170709. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153832/http://sports.chosun.com/news/utype.htm?id=201707090100076180005658&ServiceDate=20170709. July 9, 2018. November 10, 2017. Sports Chosun. ko.
  73. News: Yoon. Sang-geun. July 10, 2017. ko:레드벨벳 '레드 서머' 해외 16개國 K팝 차트 1위 '통했다'. ko. Red Velvet's 'Red Summer' Topped 16 K-Pop Charts Overseas 'It worked'. Star News. https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017071011414517503&type=1&outlink=1. live. February 24, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224153154/https://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2017071011414517503&type=1&outlink=1. February 24, 2021.
  74. News: Ji. Seung-hoon. August 20, 2017. ko:레드벨벳, 달콤했던 3일간의 '빨간 맛' 콘서트. ko. Red Velvet's Sweet Three-Day 'Red Flavor' Concert. YTN. live. February 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210203131506/https://star.ytn.co.kr/_sn/0117_201708201800067015. February 3, 2021.
  75. News: Jeon. Won. November 6, 2017. ko:"열도도 빨간맛"…레드벨벳, 日 첫 쇼케이스로 본격 진출 활동. ko. "The Heat is Red too", Red Velvet's First Showcase in Japan. Xsports News. Naver. http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000792205. live. November 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20200713090106/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=311&aid=0000792205. July 13, 2020.
  76. News: Lee. Mi-young. July 8, 2017. ko:'SM타운' 레드벨벳, 신곡 '빨간 맛' 무대…상큼 터졌다. ko. 'SMTOWN' Red Velvet's New Song 'Red Flavor' Stage, It's Fresh. Joy News 24. http://www.joynews24.com/view/1034267. live. February 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210226144201/https://deepdive.zum.com/widget/starter.js. February 26, 2021.
  77. [2017 MAMA in Hong Kong] Red Velvet/NCT 127&Hitchhiker_Peek-A-Boo + Red Flavor + $10]. December 1, 2017. ko. Mnet K-POP. December 22, 2020. YouTube.
  78. 아이린 #빨간맛 무대에서 빵 터진 사연은? 당연히 모든 300 레베럽 때문☆ 300 X2 190621 EP.8. June 23, 2019. ko. tvN. Why Did Irene Burst Into Laughter on the #RedFlavor Stage?. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201130749/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0tV9L9wjJc. December 1, 2017. YouTube. live.
  79. News: Rapir. Jessica. April 2, 2018. Red Velvet's Joy Absence in North Korea's 'Spring is Coming' Concert Explained, Netizens Slam Joy for Missing The Historic Event. Korea Portal. live. February 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503180549/http://en.koreaportal.com/articles/44422/20180402/red-velvet-s-joy-absence-in-north-korea-s-spring-is-coming-concert-explained-netizens-slam-joy-for-missing-the-historic-event.htm. May 3, 2018.
  80. News: Lee. Eun-jung. March 26, 2018. ko:레드벨벳, 평양서 '빨간맛' '배드 보이' 부른다. ko. Red Velvet Sings 'Red Flavor' and 'Bad Boy' in Pyongyang. Yonhap News. http://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=001&aid=0009982589. live. December 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20190601150358/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=001&aid=0009982589. June 1, 2019.
  81. News: Noack. Rick. April 2, 2018. Kim Jong Un Applauds South Korean Pop Stars in Newest Sign of Diplomatic Warming. en. The Washington Post. December 19, 2018. 0190-8286.
  82. News: April 1, 2018. Kim Jong Un 'Claps Along to K-Pop' at North Korea Concert. Sky News. live. December 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20201109020652/https://news.sky.com/story/kim-jong-un-claps-along-to-k-pop-at-north-korea-concert-11312998. November 9, 2020.
  83. Chart History: Red Velvet – Japan Hot 100. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200103005921/https://www.billboard.com/music/red-velvet/chart-history/JPN. January 3, 2020. February 20, 2021. Billboard.
  84. Web site: BillboardPH Hot 100 – July 31. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731153346/http://billboard.ph/billboardph-hot-100-july-31/. July 31, 2017. January 8, 2021. Billboard Philippines.
  85. Web site: ko:2017년 28주차 Digital Chart. 2017, Week 28 Digital Chart. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115075959/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=28&hitYear=2017&termGbn=week. November 15, 2020. January 8, 2021. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  86. World Digital Song Sales – The Week of July 29, 2017. subscription. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190807090556/https://www.billboard.com/charts/world-digital-song-sales/2017-07-29. August 7, 2019. January 9, 2021. Billboard.
  87. Web site: ko:2017년 07월 Digital Chart. July 2017 Digital Chart. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091720/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=07&hitYear=2017&termGbn=month. August 10, 2017. November 11, 2017. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  88. Web site: ko:2017년 Digital Chart. 2017 Digital Chart. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201216140226/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=2017&hitYear=2017&termGbn=year. December 16, 2020. January 27, 2018. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  89. Web site: ko:2018년 Digital Chart. 2018 Digital Chart. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201208172619/http://www.gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=2018&hitYear=2018&termGbn=year. December 8, 2020. January 27, 2019. Gaon Music Chart. ko.
  90. Web site: July 9, 2017. ko: 곡 정보 - 빨간 맛 (Red Flavor). Song Information - Red Flavor. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170712045626/https://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=30512671. July 12, 2017. January 16, 2021. Melon. ko.
  91. Web site: July 4, 2018. Red Flavor. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116060236/https://music.line.me/webapp/track/mt000000000daf0bec. January 16, 2021. January 16, 2021. Line Music. ja.
  92. News: Ko. Seung-hee. July 21, 2020. ko:SM·서울시향 '빨간 맛' 터졌다…"장르 경계 무의미". ko. SM and Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra's 'Red Flavor' Unraveled, "The boundaries among genres are meaningless.". The Herald Business. live. January 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116103017/http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20200721000637. January 16, 2021.
  93. News: Lee. Seung-hoon. July 17, 2020. ko:"내 맘대로 상상해" SMx서울시향, 레드벨벳 인기 잇는다..'빨간 맛' 오케스트라 버전 재탄생. ko. "I'm dreaming however I want". SM x Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, The Famous Red Velvet's Rebirth of 'Red Flavor' Orchestra Version. OSEN. The Chosun Ilbo. live. January 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109005927/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/07/17/2020071703074.html. January 9, 2021.
  94. Web site: July 17, 2020. ko:곡 정보 - 빨간 맛 (Red Flavor) (Orchestra Ver.). Song Information - Red Flavor (Orchestra Version). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210305112655/https://www.melon.com/song/detail.htm?songId=32790943. March 5, 2021. March 5, 2021. Melon. ko.
  95. Web site: July 17, 2020. 빨간 맛 Red Flavor (Orchestra Version). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116034246/https://tidal.com/browse/track/148628201. January 16, 2021. January 16, 2021. Tidal.
  96. Web site: July 17, 2020. ko: 앨범 정보 - 빨간 맛 (Red Flavor) (Orchestra Ver.). Album Information - Red Flavor (Orchestra Version). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210116034046/https://www.melon.com/album/detail.htm?albumId=10462862. January 16, 2021. January 16, 2021. Melon. ko.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Red Flavor".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.