Reactions to the 2014 Hong Kong protests explained

The 2014 Hong Kong protests opposed the 2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China.

Pro-democracy groups argued that the police used excessive force, while Pro-Beijing advocates disputed this claim. Some who supported Beijing argued that the protesters violated the rule of law.

Several nations and international bodies, including the United Nations Human Rights Commission, supported the protesters, and the Western media took an interest in the protests. However, Russia spoke out against the protests.

Domestic reactions

Pro-democracy

Pro-Beijing

Business sector

The Federation of Hong Kong Industries, whose 3,000 manufacturer-members were largely unaffected because manufacturing in Hong Kong has largely moved to the mainland, opposed the protests because of concerns about their effects on investors' confidence.[11] While the business groups have expressed concern over the disruption caused to their members,[12] [13] the city's wealthiest people have remained fairly quiet because they faced the dilemma of losing the patronage of CPC leadership while trying to avoid further escalation by refraining from overt condemnations of the movement.[11] On the 19th day of the protests, Li Ka-Shing recognised that students' voices had been heard by Beijing and urged them to go home "to avoid any regret".[14] Li was criticised by Xinhua for being ambiguous in his opposition for the movement and his support for Leung.[11] Lui Che Woo, the second-richest man in Asia, appeared to hold a pro-Beijing stance by saying, "citizens should be thankful to the police".[15] Lui was opposed to "any activity that has a negative impact on the Hong Kong economy".[11]

International reactions

Organisations

On 23 October, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHCR), which monitors compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, urged China to allow free elections in Hong Kong.[16] [17] The committee said universal suffrage includes the right to stand for office as well as the right to vote. Describing China's actions as "not satisfactory", the committee's chairman Konstantine Vardzelashvili said, "The main concerns of Committee members were focused on the right to stand for elections without unreasonable restrictions".[18]

The following day, a spokesman for China's Foreign Ministry confirmed that the Covenant, signed by China in 1998, did apply to Hong Kong; he said, "The covenant is not a measure for Hong Kong's political reform", and that China's policy on Hong Kong's elections had "unshakable legal status and effect". Reuters said, "It was not immediately clear how, if the covenant applied to Hong Kong, it could have no bearing on its political reform".[19]

States

Leaders of countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Vatican City, United Kingdom and the United States, supported the protesters' right to protest and their cause of universal suffrage, and urged restraint on all sides. Russia, whose state media said the protests were another West-sponsored colour revolution similar to the Euromaidan.[22] [23] [24]

United Kingdom

UK Prime Minister David Cameron expressed deep concern about clashes in Hong Kong and said he felt an obligation to the former territory.[25] [26] Cameron said on 15 October Britain should stand up for the rights set out in the Anglo-Chinese agreement.[27] The Foreign Office called on Hong Kong to uphold residents' rights to demonstrate, and said the best way to guarantee these rights is through transition to universal suffrage.[28] [29] Former Hong Kong Governor and current Chancellor of the University of Oxford Chris Patten expressed support for the protests[30] and denounced the Iranian-style democratic model of the city.[31] Citing China's obligation to Britain to adhere to the terms of Sino-British Joint Declaration,[32] he urged the British government to put greater pressure on the Chinese state and to help China and Hong Kong find a solution to the impasse.[33] The Chinese Foreign Ministry said Patten should realise "times have changed",[34] and that no party had the right to interfere in China's domestic affairs.[35]

Taiwan

In Taiwan, the situation in Hong Kong is closely monitored because China aims to reunify the island with a "one country, two systems" model similar to the one used in Hong Kong.[36] President Ma Ying-jeou expressed concern for the developments in Hong Kong and its future,[37] and said the realisation of universal suffrage will be a win-win scenario for both Hong Kong and mainland China.[38] On 10 October, Taiwan's National Day, President Ma urged China to introduce constitutional democracy, saying "now that the 1.3 billion people on the mainland have become moderately wealthy, they will of course wish to enjoy greater democracy and rule of law. Such a desire has never been a monopoly of the west, but is the right of all humankind."[39] In response to Ma's comments, China's Taiwan Affairs Office said Beijing was "firmly opposed to remarks on China's political system and Hong Kong's political reforms ... Taiwan should refrain from commenting on the issue".[40]

Other states

A number of countries, including the US, UK, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia issued travel advisories for their nationals to avoid the protest areas.[41] [42] In view of the large number Philippine nationals in Hong Kong, the Philippine government advised nationals to "avoid being inadvertently perceived as being part of the protest actions".[43]

– The Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Canada is "supportive of democratic development in Hong Kong and believe that the ongoing adherence to the 'One country, two systems' policy has contributed to and remains essential for Hong Kong's stability and prosperity". The ministry also said Canada "reiterates its support for the implementation of universal suffrage for the election of the Chief Executive in 2017 and all members of the Legislative Council in 2020, in accordance with the Basic Law and the democratic aspirations of the Hong Kong people",[44]

– The French Foreign Ministry stated it was "closely following" street demonstrations in Hong Kong and stressed the protesters' right to march peacefully. Foreign Ministry spokesman Romain Nadal told a news conference, "We are closely following the evolution of the situation and we reiterate our attachment to the right to demonstrate peacefully".[45]

– Chancellor Angela Merkel said freedom of speech should remain guaranteed by law in Hong Kong.[46] At a function to celebrate the 24th anniversary of German reunification attended by the Hong Kong Chief Secretary, Germany's Consul-General to Hong Kong, Nikolaus Graf Lambsdorff, said, " ... especially in the light of our own recent German history, I believe that Hong Kong can be proud of its youth. I am sure that the efforts to make Hong Kong more democratic will be good for Hong Kong politically, but also economically".[47] At a reunification party in Leipzig, German president Joachim Gauck compared the spirit of Hong Kong's pro-democracy protesters to their own of 24 years ago. He said the protesters "overcame their fear of their oppressors because their longing for freedom was greater".[48] The statement was made one day before Gauck met the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang.[49]

– The Italian Foreign Ministry declared its hope that "the local and Chinese authorities, in the face of the peaceful demands of many young people and citizens, show wisdom and listening skills." The Ministry also advocated "a common solution which also responds to the legitimate aspirations of those who ask for the respect of the Constitution adopted in 1997".[50]

– Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroshige Seko said, "A democratic Hong Kong that is prosperous and stable will play an extremely important role for countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan. Our hope is that Hong Kong will be able to maintain its free and open system under (the principle of) 'one country, two systems".[51]

– Russian state media said the protests were another West-sponsored colour revolution similar to the Euromaidan.[22] [23] [24]

– Following a visit by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, a White House statement said, "the United States has consistently supported the open system that is essential to Hong Kong's stability and prosperity, universal suffrage, and the aspirations of the Hong Kong people".[52] [53] [54] [55] US President Barack Obama told Wang Yi the United States was watching the protests in Hong Kong closely and urged a peaceful solution to the issue.[56]

– The Foreign Ministry's spokesperson Le Hai Binh said the protests were "internal affairs for China".[57]

Foreign media

The incident captured the attention of American and European media after a clearance and arrests outside the Central Government Complex. Student leader Joshua Wong featured on the cover of Time magazine during the week of his 18th birthday,[58] and the movement was featured in a cover story the following week.[59] While the local pan-democrats and the majority of the Western press supported the protesters' aspirations for universal suffrage, Martin Jacques, writing for The Guardian, said China had "overwhelmingly honoured its commitment to the principle of one country, two systems". He also said the reason for the unrest is "the growing sense of dislocation among a section of Hong Kong's population" since 1997.[60] Tim Summers, in an op-ed for CNN, said the protests were fuelled by dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong government, but the catalyst was the 2014 NPCSC decision. Criticising politicians' and the media's interpretation of the agreements and undertakings of China, Summer said, "all the Joint Declaration said is that the chief executive will be 'appointed by the central people's government on the basis of the results of elections or consultations to be held locally [in Hong Kong]'. Britain's role as co-signatory of that agreement gives it no legal basis for complaint on this particular point, and the lack of democracy for the executive branch before 1997 leaves it little moral high ground either."[61]

After 33 days of occupation, The Straits Times said the two sides in the impasse seemed to be entrenched and hawks were gaining an advantage as moderates left. Benny Tai and Chan Kin-man left because of exhaustion from trying to exert a moderating influence on the more radical members of HKFS and on hardline groups. Third parties who acted as mediators had long been sidelined. Civic Party legislator Ronny Tong said, "Any suggestion that they leave [is] not a matter of rational discussion any more".[62]

In 2015 Oscars Awards, rapper Lonnie Lynn (aka Common) encouraged the people of Hong Kong to continue to fight for democracy when he was giving the winning speech for his 1st Oscars winning on Best Original Song.[63]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hong Kong Occupy Central to start at dawn . zh:香港佔中凌晨提前啟動 . http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=140101:&Itemid=197 . 9 September 2014 . Oriental Daily . zh . Malaysia . 7 October 2014 . 12 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141012172652/http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=140101:&Itemid=197 . live .
  2. Web site: Former Hong Kong Chief Secretary Anson Chan Demands Britain Act Over Hong Kong. 3 October 2014. The Huffington Post UK. 12 October 2014. 16 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141016162743/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/10/03/former-hong-kong-chief-secretary-anson-chan-demands-britain-acts-over-hong-kong-_n_5929226.html. live.
  3. Web site: Hong Kong protests: Police remove more barricades. 13 October 2014. 13 October 2014. 14 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141014080733/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29609461. live.
  4. Web site: http://paper.wenweipo.com/2014/09/28/HK1409280008.htm. zh:衝政總極愚蠢 曾鈺成：警不會亂「出椒」. Charging government HQ extremely foolish; Jasper Tsang: police won't misuse 'pepper spray'. Wen Wei Po. zh. 28 September 2014. 7 October 2014. 7 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007155205/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2014/09/28/HK1409280008.htm. live.
  5. Web site: No foreign forces behind Hong Kong protests: Senior lawmaker. Channel NewsAsia. 31 October 2014. 31 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141031104423/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/no-foreign-forces-behind/1441820.html. dead.
  6. Web site: We've heard your demands, Tung Chee-hwa tells HK protesters. Channel NewsAsia. 5 October 2014. 9 October 2014. 7 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007160531/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/we-ve-heard-your-demands/1399798.html. dead.
  7. Web site: http://news.now.com/home/hot/player?newsId=114712&hot=1. zh:范徐麗泰：有人幕後推動佔中. Rita Fan: Someone is responsible for promoting Occupy Central from behind the scenes. Now TV. 11 October 2014. zh. 11 October 2014. 15 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141015150255/http://news.now.com/home/hot/player?newsId=114712&hot=1. live.
  8. News: Thousands denounce HSBC board member's likening of Hong Kong people to freed slaves. Reuters. 31 October 2014. 4 November 2014. 29 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141229215733/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/31/us-hongkong-china-idUSKBN0IK0DV20141031. live.
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  10. Web site: Hong Kong Politician Likens Protesters to African-American Slaves. The New York Times. Siobhan Downes. 31 October 2014. 3 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141103122219/http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/hong-kong-politician-likens-protesters-to-african-american-slaves/. live.
  11. Chu, Kathy; Law Fiona (28 October 2014). "Hong Kong Tycoons Pressed on Protests". The Wall Street Journal.
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  15. Web site: 【佔中局勢】呂志和：年青人不應受有心人唆擺，盡早離開佔領區. Lui Che Woo: Youngsters should not be manipulated by people with ulterior motives and stop Occupy movement early. ET Net. 29 October 2014. 31 October 2014. 30 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141030010732/http://www.etnet.com.hk/www/tc/news/categorized_news_detail.php?newsid=ETN241029539&category=property. live.
  16. Web site: UN Human Rights panel chides China over Hong Kong. 23 October 2014. Deutsche Welle. 23 October 2014. 24 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141024111603/http://www.dw.de/un-human-rights-panel-chides-china-over-hong-kong/a-18017131. live.
  17. Web site: U.N. Human Rights Panel Urges China To Allow Free Elections in Hong Kong. 23 October 2014. The New York Times. 23 October 2014. 28 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141028045054/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/24/world/asia/un-urges-china-to-allow-free-elections-in-hong-kong.html?_r=0. live.
  18. Web site: U.N. rights watchdog calls for open elections in Hong Kong. 23 October 2014. Reuters. 23 October 2014. 4 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141204025302/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/10/23/hongkong-china-un-idINKCN0IC1IQ20141023. live.
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  21. Web site: Their Only Option Is Independence. 1 October 2014. Foreign Policy. 3 October 2014. 3 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141003082409/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/10/01/Rebiya_Kadeer_Uighur_Hong_Kong_independence. live.
  22. Web site: China's explanation for the Hong Kong protests? Blame America.. The Washington Post. Anne Applebaum. October 3, 2014. 2 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150102054423/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/anne-applebaum-chinas-familiar-bogeyman-for-the-hong-kong-protests/2014/10/03/d883ac5e-4b3a-11e4-891d-713f052086a0_story.html. live.
  23. Web site: Russian State Media Portray Hong Kong Protests as U.S. Plot. 30 September 2014. The Wall Street Journal. 3 October 2014. 3 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141003012010/http://online.wsj.com/articles/russian-state-media-portray-hong-kong-protests-as-u-s-plot-1412103539. live.
  24. Web site: Russian state television says Britain and US provoked Hong Kong protests. 30 September 2014. The Daily Telegraph. 3 October 2014. 3 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141003030114/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/hongkong/11131070/Russian-state-television-says-Britain-and-US-provoked-Hong-Kong-protests.html. live.
  25. News: Hong Kong: China Warns UK Not To 'Interfere'. Sky News. 29 September 2014. 29 September 2014. 30 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140930200645/http://news.sky.com/story/1344068/hong-kong-china-warns-uk-not-to-interfere. live.
  26. News: Cameron says deeply concerned about Hong Kong clashes. Reuters. 30 September 2014. 3 October 2014. 7 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160207154513/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-hongkong-china-britain-idUKKCN0HP0JH20140930. live.
  27. News: PM Cameron says Britain should stand up for Hong Kong rights. Reuters. 15 October 2014. 15 October 2014. 19 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151219134456/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-hongkong-china-britain-idUKKCN0I41C620141015. live.
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  47. [#dayeleven|''South China Morning Post'' DAY ELEVEN:]
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