Temple car explained

Temple cars[1] [2] or Temple chariots are used to carry representations of Hindu deities around the streets of the temple on festival days. These chariots are generally manually pulled by the devotees of the deity.

As of 2004, Tamil Nadu had 515 wooden carts, 79 of which needed repairs.[3] Annamalaiyar Temple, Tiruvannamalai, Chidambaram Natarajar Temple are among the temples that possess these huge wooden chariots for regular processions.

The Natarajar Temple celebrates the chariot festival twice a year; once in the summer (Aani Thirumanjanam, which takes place between June and July) and another in winter (Marghazhi Thiruvaadhirai, which takes place between December and January). Lord Krishna of Udupi has five temple cars, namely Brahma ratha (the largest), Madya ratha (medium), kinyo (small), and the silver and gold rathas.

The size of the largest temple cars inspired the Anglo-Indian term Juggernaut (from Jagannath), signifying a tremendous, virtually unstoppable force or phenomenon.

History

Temple cars are used during festivals called Ratha Yatra, a procession in a chariot accompanied by the public. It typically refers to a procession (journey) of deities, people dressed like deities, or simply religious saints and political leaders.[4] The term appears in medieval texts of India such as the Puranas, which mention the Ratha Yatra of Surya (Sun god), of Devi (Mother goddess), and of Vishnu. These chariot journeys have elaborate celebrations where the individuals or the deities come out of a temple accompanied by the public journeying with them through the Ksetra (region, streets) to another temple or to the river or the sea. Sometimes the festivities include returning to the sacrosanctum of the temple.[4] [5]

Traveler Fa-Hien who visited India during 400 CE notes the way temple car festivals were celebrated in India.

Largest temple chariot

The procession of the Asia's largest and greatest temple car of Thiruvarur Thiyagarajar Temple in Tamil Nadu features prominently in an ancient festival held in the town.[6] The annual chariot festival of the Thygarajaswamy temple is celebrated during April – May, corresponding to the Tamil month of Chitrai. The chariot is the largest of its kind in Asia and India weighing 300 tons with a height of 90 feet. The chariot comes around the four main streets surrounding the temple during the festival. The event is attended by lakhs of people from all over Tamil Nadu.[7]

The Aazhi Ther is the biggest temple chariot in Tamil Nadu. The 30-foot tall temple car, which originally weighed 220 tons, is raised to 96 feet with bamboo sticks and decorative clothes, taking its total weight to 350 tons. Mounted on the fully decorated temple car, the presiding deity – Lord Shiva – went around the four streets with the devotees pulling it using huge ropes. Two bulldozers were engaged to provide the required thrust so that devotees could move the chariot.[8]

List of places with traditional Temple cars

India

Tamil Nadu

Karnataka

Odisha

Kerala

Andhra Pradesh

Others

Malaysia

Sri Lanka

Germany

List of places with golden Temple cars

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Puducherry

Tamil Nadu

See also

Notes and References

  1. Rajarajan. R. K. K.. Rajukalidoss. Parthiban. Nāyaka Chefs-d'oeuvre: Structure and Iconography of the Śrīvilliputtūr Tēr. Acta Orientalia. en.
  2. Rajarajan. R. K. K.. Iconographic Programme in Temple Cars: A Case Study of Kūṭal Alakar tēr. East and West, Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO), Rome. en.
  3. Web site: Government of Tamil Nadu Welcomes You . tn.gov.in . https://archive.today/20121219065440/http://www.tn.gov.in/policynotes/archives/policy2003-04/hrce2003-04-3.htm . 19 December 2012.
  4. Book: Michaels. Cornelia Vogelsanger. Annette Wilke. Wild Goddesses in India and Nepal: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Berne and Zurich, November 1994. 1996. P. Lang. 978-3-906756-04-2. 270–285.
  5. Book: Mandai, Paresh Chandra. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. 2012. Islam. Sirajul. Sirajul Islam. Second. Rathajatra. Jamal. Ahmed A.. http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rathajatra.
  6. Web site: Official Website of Arulmigu Thiyagaraja Swamy Temple,Tiruvarur - Festival. 2021-03-10. thiyagarajaswamytemple.tnhrce.in.
  7. Web site: Festivals, Culture & Heritage Tiruvarur District, Government of Tamil Nadu India. 2021-03-09. en-US.
  8. Web site: June 16, 2016. K. Sambath. Kumar. Car festival held at Tiruvarur Thyagaraja Swamy Temple after a gap of six years. 2021-03-09. The Times of India. en.

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