| Rascal the Raccoon | |
| Ja Kanji: | あらいぐまラスカル |
| Ja Romaji: | Araiguma Rasukaru |
| Genre: | Drama |
| Type: | tv series |
| Director: | Masaharu Endō Hiroshi Saitō (1-33) Shigeo Koshi (34-52) |
| Producer: | Junzō Nakajima Yoshio Katō |
| Music: | Takeo Watanabe |
| Studio: | Nippon Animation |
| Network: | Fuji TV |
| Network En: | JET TV |
| First: | 2 January 1977 |
| Last: | 25 December 1977 |
| Episodes: | 52 |
is a 1977 Japanese animated series by Nippon Animation.[1] It is based on the 1963 autobiographical novel Rascal, A Memoir of a Better Era by Sterling North.
As a result of the anime's popularity, Japanese imported many pet raccoons, which caused raccoons to become an invasive species in Japan.
The anime revolves around a young boy who decided to provide shelter to a raccoon that was discovered by a hunter. As the boy attempted to domesticate the wild animal as part of his family, he soon realized through trials and tribulations that his efforts were futile and decided to release Rascal back into the wild.[2]
The series uses two pieces of music for the opening theme and the ending theme. The opening theme song is called, and the ending theme is, both written by Eriko Kishida and sung by the Japanese vocalist by Kumiko Oosugi. The opening theme was later used as the main gameplay theme for the 1981 arcade game Frogger. The show's music was composed by Takeo Watanabe, who worked on many anime of the 1970s and 80s.
Raccoons are an invasive species in Japan and there is evidence that Rascal the Raccoon has contributed enormously to the problem of invasive raccoons in Japan. Like other invasive species, raccoons in Japan have few natural predators.[3]
Although the anime Rascal the Raccoon's storyline revolves around the difficulties of taking in a raccoon as a pet, Japanese citizens became inspired to import raccoons in to the country as their pet, leading to unforeseen consequences.[2] In Japan, up to 1,500 raccoons were imported as pets each year after the success of Rascal the Raccoon. In 2004, the descendants of discarded or escaped animals lived in 42 of 47 prefectures and then to all 47 prefectures by 2008.[4] These raccoons are now a pest in Japan and imports of raccoons are now banned.
The importation of raccoons was banned because people in Japan started releasing their pet raccoons in to the wild—especially after the final episode of Rascal the Raccoon was released. Additionally, raccoons can become too violent and hard to handle once they grew up, which further encouraged people to release them.[3]
This negatively affected Japan's natural ecosystem and man-made infrastructures and it was estimated that about 80% of the temples in Japan were damaged by raccoons including Byōdō-in in Kyoto which has more than 900 years of history.[2] Raccoons attributed to Rascal also caused the destruction of crops in the agricultural sector[2] and Japan suffers an estimated of 30,000,000 yen annually from the effects in the agricultural sector alone.[5]
Even with backlash from animal advocates, the Japanese government decided to adopt the 0% tolerance policy where the goal is to kill as many raccoons as possible. This includes killing thousands of raccoons each year. The government also placed a lot of tight sanctions to minimize the chances of being able to import any more raccoons into the country.[2] In 2003, the Hokkaido government specifically implemented the 10-year plan to completely eradicate raccoons in Japan, but attempts proved to be mostly futile as there was not enough financial support.[5]
Rascal appeared in commercials, games and anime: