Retinoic acid receptor gamma explained

Retinoic acid receptor gamma (RAR-γ), also known as NR1B3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 3) is a nuclear receptor encoded by the RARG gene.^{[1] [2]} Adapalene selectively targets retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoic acid receptor gamma^[3] and its agonism of the gamma subtype is largely responsible for adapalene's observed effects.^[4]

Interactions

Retinoic acid receptor gamma has been shown to interact with NCOR1.^[5]

See also

• Retinoic acid receptor

Further reading

• Leid M, Kastner P, Lyons R, Nakshatri H, Saunders M, Zacharewski T, Chen JY, Staub A, Garnier JM, Mader S . Purification, cloning, and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently . Cell . 68 . 2 . 377–95 . Jan 1992 . 1310259 . 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90478-U . 40617478 .
• Vollberg TM, Nervi C, George MD, Fujimoto W, Krust A, Jetten AM . Retinoic acid receptors as regulators of human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation . Molecular Endocrinology . 6 . 5 . 667–76 . May 1992 . 10.1210/mend.6.5.1318502 . 1318502 . 35884680 . free .
• Lehmann JM, Zhang XK, Pfahl M . RAR gamma 2 expression is regulated through a retinoic acid response element embedded in Sp1 sites . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 12 . 7 . 2976–85 . Jul 1992 . 1320193 . 364511 . 10.1128/mcb.12.7.2976.
• Mattei MG, Rivière M, Krust A, Ingvarsson S, Vennström B, Islam MQ, Levan G, Kautner P, Zelent A, Chambon P . Chromosomal assignment of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) genes in the human, mouse, and rat genomes . Genomics . 10 . 4 . 1061–9 . Aug 1991 . 1655630 . 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90199-O . 1946/20678 . free .
• Kastner P, Krust A, Mendelsohn C, Garnier JM, Zelent A, Leroy P, Staub A, Chambon P . Murine isoforms of retinoic acid receptor gamma with specific patterns of expression . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 87 . 7 . 2700–4 . Apr 1990 . 2157210 . 53758 . 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2700 . 1990PNAS...87.2700K . free .
• Giguère V, Shago M, Zirngibl R, Tate P, Rossant J, Varmuza S . Identification of a novel isoform of the retinoic acid receptor gamma expressed in the mouse embryo . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 10 . 5 . 2335–40 . May 1990 . 2157970 . 360581 . 10.1128/mcb.10.5.2335.
• Ishikawa T, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, Aburatani H, Stanger BZ, Shibasaki Y, Imawari M, Evans RM, Takaku F . A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human chromosome 12 . Molecular Endocrinology . 4 . 6 . 837–44 . Jun 1990 . 2172793 . 10.1210/mend-4-6-837 . free .
• Krust A, Kastner P, Petkovich M, Zelent A, Chambon P . A third human retinoic acid receptor, hRAR-gamma . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 86 . 14 . 5310–4 . Jul 1989 . 2546152 . 297611 . 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5310 . 1989PNAS...86.5310K . free .
• Renaud JP, Rochel N, Ruff M, Vivat V, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H, Moras D . Crystal structure of the RAR-gamma ligand-binding domain bound to all-trans retinoic acid . Nature . 378 . 6558 . 681–9 . Dec 1995 . 7501014 . 10.1038/378681a0 . 1995Natur.378..681R . 4259376 .
• Zhou L, Pang J, Munroe DG, Lau C . A human retinoic acid receptor gamma isoform is homologous to the murine retinoic acid receptor gamma 7 . Nucleic Acids Research . 21 . 10 . 2520 . May 1993 . 7685085 . 309563 . 10.1093/nar/21.10.2520 .
• Zitnik RJ, Kotloff RM, Latifpour J, Zheng T, Whiting NL, Schwalb J, Elias JA . Retinoic acid inhibition of IL-1-induced IL-6 production by human lung fibroblasts . Journal of Immunology . 152 . 3 . 1419–27 . Feb 1994 . 10.4049/jimmunol.152.3.1419 . 8301142 . 20598143 . free .
• Botling J, Castro DS, Oberg F, Nilsson K, Perlmann T . Retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor heterodimers can be activated through both subunits providing a basis for synergistic transactivation and cellular differentiation . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 14 . 9443–9 . Apr 1997 . 9083083 . 10.1074/jbc.272.14.9443 . free .
• Lømo J, Smeland EB, Ulven S, Natarajan V, Blomhoff R, Gandhi U, Dawson MI, Blomhoff HK . RAR-, not RXR, ligands inhibit cell activation and prevent apoptosis in B-lymphocytes . Journal of Cellular Physiology . 175 . 1 . 68–77 . Apr 1998 . 9491782 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199804)175:1<68::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-A . 21489004 .
• Klaholz BP, Renaud JP, Mitschler A, Zusi C, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H, Moras D . Conformational adaptation of agonists to the human nuclear receptor RAR gamma . Nature Structural Biology . 5 . 3 . 199–202 . Mar 1998 . 9501913 . 10.1038/nsb0398-199 . 30471226 .
• Zhang ZP, Gambone CJ, Gabriel JL, Wolfgang CL, Soprano KJ, Soprano DR . Arg278, but not Lys229 or Lys236, plays an important role in the binding of retinoic acid by retinoic acid receptor gamma . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 51 . 34016–21 . Dec 1998 . 9852056 . 10.1074/jbc.273.51.34016 . free .
• Yang C, Zhou D, Chen S . Modulation of aromatase expression in the breast tissue by ERR alpha-1 orphan receptor . Cancer Research . 58 . 24 . 5695–700 . Dec 1998 . 9865725 .
• Nagpal S, Ghosn C, DiSepio D, Molina Y, Sutter M, Klein ES, Chandraratna RA . Retinoid-dependent recruitment of a histone H1 displacement activity by retinoic acid receptor . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 32 . 22563–8 . Aug 1999 . 10428834 . 10.1074/jbc.274.32.22563 . free .
• Egea PF, Mitschler A, Rochel N, Ruff M, Chambon P, Moras D . Crystal structure of the human RXRalpha ligand-binding domain bound to its natural ligand: 9-cis retinoic acid . The EMBO Journal . 19 . 11 . 2592–601 . Jun 2000 . 10835357 . 212755 . 10.1093/emboj/19.11.2592 .
• Boudjelal M, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ . Retinoid signaling is attenuated by proteasome-mediated degradation of retinoid receptors in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells . Experimental Cell Research . 274 . 1 . 130–7 . Mar 2002 . 11855864 . 10.1006/excr.2001.5450 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: RARG retinoic acid receptor, gamma.
2. Lehmann JM, Hoffmann B, Pfahl M . Genomic organization of the retinoic acid receptor gamma gene . Nucleic Acids Research . 19 . 3 . 573–8 . Feb 1991 . 1849262 . 333650 . 10.1093/nar/19.3.573 .
3. Mukherjee S, Date A, Patravale V, Korting HC, Roeder A, Weindl G . Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety . Clinical Interventions in Aging . 1 . 4 . 327–48 . 2006 . 18046911 . 2699641 . 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.4.327 . free .
4. Michel S, Jomard A, Démarchez M . Pharmacology of adapalene . The British Journal of Dermatology . 139 . 3–7 . October 1998 . Suppl 52 . 9990413 . 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2003.x . 23084886 .
5. Dowell P, Ishmael JE, Avram D, Peterson VJ, Nevrivy DJ, Leid M . Identification of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacting protein . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 22 . 15901–7 . May 1999 . 10336495 . 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15901 . free .