Raoultella Explained

The genus Raoultella is composed of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, capsulated, facultatively anaerobic rods (formerly designated Klebsiella) in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is named after the French bacteriologist Didier Raoult.[1] [2] [3] The existence of this genus renders the genus Klebsiella paraphyletic, and it has been repeatedly proposed to consider Raoultella a junior synonym of Klebsiella.

Description

Members of genus Raoultella grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of Klebsiella do not grow at 10 °C[4] and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. Klebsiella oxytoca is an exception, and a proposal to classify K. oxytoca in a separate, unnamed genus has been made.[5]

It consists of species Raoultella electrica, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Raoultella planticola and Raoultella terrigena.[6]

In human infections, Raoultella species are generally sensitive to treatment with carbapenems. In one series, 92% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. More than 10% produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.[7]

Species

Type species for this genus are:

Synonym

A phylogenetic tree of Klebsiella, based on a 2.93-Mbp alignment, unambiguously places R. ornithinolytica sister to K. oxytoca within the larger Klebsiella phylogeny and suggests abandoning the genus Raoultella designation.[12]

Robust phylogenetic analyses have repeatedly shown that species classified into this genus are nested in the genus Klebsiella, indicating Raoultella should be abandoned and considered a junior synonym of Klebsiella.[13]

In November 2021, the synonym Klebsiella electrica is reported "not validly published".[14] The correct name with a valid nomenclatural status is Raoultella electrica.[15]

Notes and References

  1. Drancourt. M. Bollet, C . Carta, A . Rousselier, P . Phylogenetic analyses of Klebsiella species delineate Klebsiella and Raoultella gen. nov., with description of Raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., Raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and Raoultella planticola comb. nov.. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. May 2001. 51. Pt 3. 925–32. 11411716. 10.1099/00207713-51-3-925.
  2. Web site: Genus Raoultella . . en . 2021-09-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20211012053056/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/raoultella . 2021-10-12. .
  3. Web site: Raoultella . Encyclopedia of Life. en . 2021-09-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209180801/https://eol.org/pages/97426 . 2021-02-09. .
  4. Book: Manual of clinical microbiology. 2007. Patrick R. Murray, Ellen Jo Baron. 978-1-55581-587-5. 9th. Washington, D.C.. 705. 647917473.
  5. Jain. K.. Radsak. K.. Mannheim. W.. 1974. Differentiation of the Oxytocum group from Klebsiella by deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 24. 4. 402–407. 10.1099/00207713-24-4-402. free.
  6. https://www.dsmz.de/search?tx_kesearch_pi1%5Bsword%5D=raoultella&cHash=f9f92b74767afe23cbf10832061c82ff J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature – integrated into the DSMZ’s Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date (PNU) database
  7. Sêkowska. Alicja. Bogiel. Tomasz. Woźniak. Marcin. Gospodarek-Komkowska. Eugenia. 2020-02-01. Raoultella spp. – reliable identification, susceptibility to antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Journal of Medical Microbiology. en. 69. 2. 233–238. 10.1099/jmm.0.001150. 31971501. 0022-2615. free.
  8. Kimura. Z. Chung, KM. Itoh, H. Hiraishi, A. Okabe, S . Raoultella electrica sp. nov., isolated from anodic biofilms of a glucose-fed microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. April 2014. 64. Pt 4. 1384–8. 24449794. 10.1099/ijs.0.058826-0. free.
  9. Web site: Species Raoultella ornithinolytica . . en . 2021-10-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20211013045751/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/raoultella-ornithinolytica . 2021-10-13. .
  10. Web site: Species Raoultella planticola . . en . 2021-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804120143/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/raoultella-planticola . 2020-08-04. .
  11. Web site: Species Raoultella terrigena . . en . 2021-11-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20211019034810/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/raoultella-terrigena . 2021-10-19. .
  12. Hudson. Corey. Bent. Zachary. Meagher. Robert. Williams. Kelly. Resistance Determinants and Mobile Genetic Elements of an NDM-1-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain. PLOS ONE. June 6, 2014. 10.1371/journal.pone.0099209. 24905728. 9. 6. e99209. 4048246. 2014PLoSO...999209H. free.
  13. free.
  14. Web site: Species Klebsiella electrica. . en . 2021-11-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211110015203/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/klebsiella-electrica . 2021-11-10.
  15. Web site: Species Raoultella electrica . . en . 2021-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20211110045405/https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/raoultella-electrica . 2021-11-10. .

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