| Rani Velu Nachiyar | |
| Queen of Sivagangai Princess of Ramanathapuram | |
| Succession: | Monarch of Sivaganga estate |
| Reign: | c. 1780-c. 1790[1] |
| Coronation: | 1780 |
| Dynasty: | Sethupathi |
| Predecessor: | Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (until 1772) |
| Successor: | Vellacci |
| Father: | Chellamuthu vijayaragunatha Sethupathy |
| Mother: | Muthathal Nachiyar |
| Birth Date: | 3 January 1730 |
| Birth Place: | Ramanathapuram, Kingdom of Sivaganga(Modern day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Death Place: | Sivaganga, Kingdom of Sivaganga(Modern day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Date Of Burial: | 25 December 1796 |
| Place Of Burial: | Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Spouse: | Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar |
"Veeramangai" Rani Velu Nachiyar (3 January 1730 – 25 December 1796) was a queen of Sivaganga estate from 1780–1790. She was the first Indian queen to wage war with the East India Company in India.[2] [3] She is proudly called by Tamils as Veeramangai ("brave woman").[4] With the support of Hyder Ali's army, feudal lords, the Maruthu Brothers, Dalit commanders, and Thandavarayan Pillai, she fought the East India company.[5] [6] [7] [8]
Velu Nachiyar was the princess of Ramanathapuram and the only child of King Chellamuthu Vijayaragunatha Sethupathy and Queen Sakandhimuthathal of the Ramnad kingdom.Nachiyar was trained in many methods of combat, including war match weapons usage, martial arts like Valari, Silambam, Kalaripayattu, horse riding, and archery. She was a scholar in many languages and was proficient in languages like French, English and Urdu.[3] In 1746, she entered into marriage with Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar, serving as a close advisor, mentor, and confidant to the prince.[9]
When her husband, Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar, was killed in a battle with EIC soldiers in 1772 at KalaiyarKoil, she was drawn into the conflict. Velu Nachiyar ran away from Sivagangai as a fugitive and sought the help of Hyder Ali. Hyder Ali helped her with 5,000 soldiers and gunpowder weapons. Initially, Hyder Ali refused, but he later agreed to help her with soldiers, arms and training. Velu Nachiyar sought the help of rich merchants as well. After eight years of planning—along with support of many feudal lords, Tipu Sultan, Marudhu brothers, and Thandavarayan Pillai—she fought against the British East India Company.[5] [6] [7]
08.12.1772 Sivaganga minister Thandavarayan Pillai wrote a letter on behalf of Rani Velu Nachiyar to Hyder Ali. In it Arcot Nawab's forces are occupying Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga and destroying. I escaped from there and stayed in the forests with the Kallar leaders and continued the rebellion. If you help me in this endeavor I can do better, so if you send five thousand horsemen and five thousand men of war, I will pay their maintenance, and with them I will recover these two principalities, send troops to Madurai and begin a counteroperation. Also mentioned that the Polygars would cooperate with us.[10]
When Velu Nachiyar found the place where the EIC stored some of their ammunition, her commander Kuyili[8] made a suicide attack on the ammunition depot by running into the ammunition godown, setting herself on fire, and blowing it up.[11] [12] [13]
In 1780, Velu Nachiyar waged war against the British and successfully reclaimed her kingdom. She governed for ten years and passed away in 1796.[14] [15] In 1790, she was succeeded by her daughter Vellacci.[1] She granted powers to her daughter with the Marudu brothers to help with the administration of the kingdom. Velu Nachiyar died a few years later, on 25 December 1796.[16]