Rangitihi was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Te Arawa confederation of tribes and ancestor of the largest iwi in the confederation, Ngāti Rangitihi. He fathered eight children, known as "the eight hearts of Rangitihi," who settled throughout the Rotorua Lakes District.
Rangitihi was born at Maketu in the Bay of Plenty, as the son of Uenuku-mai-rarotonga and Hinetu-te-rauniao. Both his parents were direct descendants of Tama-te-kapua, the captain of the Arawa.[1] On his father's side he was also a descendant of Hatupatu.[2] When he was an adult, Rangitihi departed from Maketu and established settlements of his own at Pakotore on the Kaituna River and at Matapara.
An important proverb is connected with him: Maori: Rangitihi upoko whakahirahira, no Rangitihi te upoko i takaia ki te akatea. Ehara ma te aitangia a Tiki, meaning "Rangitihi the proud and hard-headed one, Rangitihi whose head was bound with akatea. Well! He is a descendant of Tiki." Akatea, also known as white rātā is a flowering vine, which was used to tie palisade walls in place. There are different accounts of the origin of this proverb. In one account, reported by D. M. Stafford, his head was split open by an enemy while he was leading a war party and his troops were about to flee, but he had his head tied together with akatea and led his men to victory. In the other account, which derives from Takaanui Tarakawa, his sons refused to conduct the funerary rites following his death, because they were afraid of getting the incantations wrong, which would result in their deaths. Eventually, however, one of his younger sons, Apumoana performed the rites, binding his father with akatea.
Rangitihi had eight children, known as "the eight hearts of Rangitihi". The youngest of these, Tūhourangi, may have been illegitimate and he was treated badly by his step-mothers and half-brothers. Seeing this, Rangitihi ordered him to climb onto the roof of the house at Pakotore and stand directly above the door. Then, he called all of his sons, except his eldest son and heir Rangiwhakaekeau, into the house, causing them to pass between Tūhourangi's legs - a mark of submission. When he revealed this to his sons, they realised that he favoured Tūhourangi over them, so they drove him out of Pakotore. He went to Lake Rotoiti, where he established a settlement called Ohoukaka. Later, Rangitihi travelled to Ohoukaka and gave Tūhourangi a lady named Rakeitahaenui as a wife. Probably after this, Rangitihi and Tūhourangi travelled to Tūranganui-a-Kiwa for the funeral of Ruapani. On this occasion Ruapani's widow, Roongomaipapa was remarried to Tūhourangi.
After this, Rangitihi travelled with his other seven sons to the Ohau Channel, between Lake Rotorua and Lake Rotoiti, where they established a settlement called Rangiwhakakapua. Subsequently his sons settled throughout the region.
Finally, Rangitihi returned to Pakotore or Matapara, where he died. His funeral has been recounted above. His bones were eventually interred in a cave on the Ruawahia cone of Mount Tarawera, where they were destroyed during the 1886 eruption.
Rangitihi married three sisters, Manawakotokoto, Rongomaiturihuia, and Kahukare. He also had a child by Papawharanui, either as his fourth wife or as the product of an affair while she was married to Marumatanui. She might have been a descendant of Waitaha or a sister of Ruapani. In total, he had eight children, known as "the eight hearts of Rangitihi".
The children by Manawakotokoto were:
The child by Rongomaiturihuia was:
The children by Kahukare were:
The child by Papawharanui was: