Slovene national phonetic transcription explained

Type:	Alphabet
Slovene national phonetic transcription
Also Known As:	Slovene national transcription
Native Name:	Nacionalna transkripija
Languages:	Slovene language and its dialects, Alpine Slavic
Creator:	Fran Ramovš
Time:	1937–present
Fam1:	Egyptian hieroglyphs
Fam2:	Proto-Sinaitic alphabet
Fam3:	Phoenician alphabet
Fam4:	Greek alphabet
Fam5:	Old Italic scripts
Fam6:	Latin alphabet
Fam7:	Czech alphabet
Fam8:	Gaj's Latin alphabet
Fam9:	Slovene alphabet
Unicode:	Most of the letters are encoded in Latin (Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended-B, Latin Extended-D, Latin Extended Additional, IPA Extensions, Phonetic Extensions, Phonetic Extensions Supplement), most of the others are in Superscripts and Subscripts block or can be made by adding diacritical marks from Combining Diacritical Marks block. There is a letter and its superscript form, and a diacritical mark that are not yet encoded.

Slovene national phonetic transcription (Slovenian: Nacionalna fonetična transkripcija in Slovenian pronounced as /nat͡siɔˈnáːlna fɔˈnèːtit͡ʃna tɾansˈkɾìːpt͡sija/) is a group of four closely related and similar phonetic alphabets used to write pronunciations of Slovene and its dialects, as well as Alpine Slavic. The alphabet was first used by Fran Ramovš in 1937 to transcribe Freising manuscripts, and was later slightly changed to more closely resemble the International Phonetic Alphabet. The old transcription is called "Ramovš transcription" and the new one "the new Slovene national phonetic transcription" or "Logar transcription". From those transcriptions, "tonal transcription" (used for tonal orthography) and "non-tonal transcription" (used for non-tonal orthography), which also has a simplified form that can be implemented without changing the spelling of most of the words and only shows the accent ("Stress notation") were derived, although the ununified predecessors were already used before.

In dialectology, it is known as "national transcription" (Slovenian: nacionalna transkripcija), since it is the only appropriate way to write dialects.^[1]

Non-tonal and tonal transcription

See also: Slovene phonology. It is still debated whether formal Slovene is a tonal language or not; however, non-tonal transcription is used more frequently than the tonal one. It can be used to fully transcribe a word, but its diacritical marks can be added to a normally-written word to only denote the stress and the length of the vowel, because the pronunciation of other letters can already be evident from the spelling of most words. However, this cannot be applied to loanwords or to words that already have diacritical marks.^[2] This transcription is commonly added to words in books that are pronounced differently, but written the same to differentiate between them, such as môra "a nightmare" and móra "(he) has to". Additionally, mid central vowel can also be written with ə and when l is pronounced as pronounced as /link/, it can be represented with ł, however such representation is mostly reserved for dictionaries and study books meant for non-native speakers.

Tonal transcription differs from non-tonal only in diacritical marks.

Long stressed vowels^[3] !In a word!Non-tonal!Tonal!IPA

Slovenian: í|i=no	Slovenian: í|i=no	Slovenian: í|i=no	ìː
		Slovenian: ȋ|i=no	íː
Slovenian: é|i=no	Slovenian: é|i=no	Slovenian: ẹ́|i=no	èː
		Slovenian: ẹ̑|i=no	éː
Slovenian: ê|i=no / Slovenian: é|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ̄|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ́|i=no	ɛ̝̀ː
		Slovenian: ḙ̑|i=no	ɛ̝́ː
Slovenian: ê|i=no	Slovenian: ê|i=no	Slovenian: é|i=no	ɛ̀ː
		Slovenian: ȇ|i=no	ɛ́ː
Slovenian: á|i=no	Slovenian: á|i=no	Slovenian: á|i=no	àː
		Slovenian: ȃ|i=no	áː
Slovenian: ô|i=no	Slovenian: ô|i=no	Slovenian: ó|i=no	ɔ̀ː
		Slovenian: ȏ|i=no	ɔ́ː
Slovenian: ô|i=no / Slovenian: ó|i=no	Slovenian: ō̭|i=no	Slovenian: ó̭|i=no	ɔ̝̀ː
		Slovenian: ȏ̭|i=no	ɔ̝́ː
Slovenian: ó|i=no	Slovenian: ó|i=no	Slovenian: ọ́|i=no	òː
		Slovenian: ọ̑|i=no	óː
Slovenian: ú|i=no	Slovenian: ú|i=no	Slovenian: ú|i=no	ùː
		Slovenian: ȗ|i=no	úː

Short stressed vowels!In a word!Non-tonal!Tonal!IPA

Slovenian: ì|i=no	Slovenian: ì|i=no	Slovenian: ȉ|i=no	í
Slovenian: è|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ̏|i=no	ɛ̝́
	Slovenian: è|i=no	Slovenian: ȅ|i=no	ɛ́
è / ə̀	Slovenian: ə̀|i=no	Slovenian: ə̀|i=no	ə̀
		Slovenian: ə̏|i=no	ə́
Slovenian: à|i=no / Slovenian: ʌ̀|i=no	Slovenian: à|i=no / Slovenian: ʌ̀|i=no	Slovenian: ȁ|i=no / Slovenian: ʌ̏|i=no	á
Slovenian: ò|i=no	Slovenian: ò|i=no	Slovenian: ȍ|i=no	ɔ́
	Slovenian: o̭|i=no	Slovenian: ȍ̭|i=no	ɔ̝́
Slovenian: ù|i=no	Slovenian: ù|i=no	Slovenian: ȕ|i=no	ú
Slovenian: ŕ|i=no / Slovenian: r̀|i=no	Slovenian: ə̀r|i=no	Slovenian: ə̀r|i=no	ə̀ɾ
		Slovenian: ə̏r|i=no	ə́ɾ
Slovenian: ĺ|i=no	Slovenian: ə̀l|i=no	Slovenian: ə̏l|i=no	ə́l

Short unstressed vowels!In a word!Non-tonal!Tonal!IPA

Slovenian: i|i=no	Slovenian: i|i=no	Slovenian: i|i=no	i
Slovenian: e|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ|i=no	Slovenian: ḙ|i=no	ɛ̝
	Slovenian: e|i=no	Slovenian: e|i=no	ɛ
e / ə	Slovenian: ə|i=no	Slovenian: ə|i=no	ə
Slovenian: a|i=no	Slovenian: a|i=no	Slovenian: a|i=no	a
o	Slovenian: o|i=no	Slovenian: o|i=no	ɔ
	Slovenian: o̭|i=no	Slovenian: o̭|i=no	ɔ̝
Slovenian: u|i=no	Slovenian: u|i=no	Slovenian: u|i=no	u
Slovenian: r|i=no	Slovenian: ər|i=no	Slovenian: ər|i=no	əɾ
Slovenian: n|i=no	Slovenian: ən|i=no	Slovenian: ən|i=no	ən
Slovenian: m|i=no	Slovenian: əm|i=no	Slovenian: əm|i=no	əm

Semivowels!In a word!Non-tonal!Tonal!IPA

Slovenian: j|i=no	Slovenian: j|i=no	Slovenian: j|i=no	j
Slovenian: v|i=no / Slovenian: u|i=no / l / ł	Slovenian: u̯|i=no	Slovenian: u̯|i=no	w / u̯

Consonants!SNPT!IPA!!SNPT!IPA

Slovenian: m|i=no	m		Slovenian: t|i=no	t̪
nSlovenian: [[File:Zobnoustnični m.svg|frameless|13x17px]]|i=no	ɱ		Slovenian: T|i=no	t̪ⁿ
Slovenian: n|i=no	n̪		Slovenian: ᵗ|i=no	pronounced as /t̪ˡ/
Slovenian: n’|i=no	n̪ʲ		Slovenian: d|i=no	d̪
Slovenian: ŋ|i=no	ŋ		Slovenian: D|i=no	d̪ⁿ
Slovenian: l|i=no	l		Slovenian: ᵈ|i=no	pronounced as /d̪ˡ/
Slovenian: l’|i=no	lʲ		Slovenian: k|i=no	k
Slovenian: r|i=no	ɾ / r		Slovenian: g|i=no	g
Slovenian: j|i=no	j		Slovenian: č|i=no	t͡ʃ
Slovenian: v|i=no	ʋ		Slovenian: dž|i=no	d͡ʒ
	v		Slovenian: s|i=no	s
Slovenian: w|i=no	w		Slovenian: z|i=no	z
Slovenian: ʍ|i=no	ʍ		Slovenian: š|i=no	ʃ
Slovenian: p|i=no	p		Slovenian: ž|i=no	ʒ
Slovenian: P|i=no	pⁿ		Slovenian: c|i=no	t͡s
Slovenian: ᴘ|i=no	p̪		dz	d͡z
Slovenian: b|i=no	b		Slovenian: f|i=no	f
Slovenian: ʙ|i=no	b̪		Slovenian: h|i=no	x
Slovenian: B|i=no	bⁿ		ɣ	ɣ

Notes:

• Slovenian: ḙ̄|i=no and Slovenian: ō̭|i=no are in a word usually marked with Slovenian: ^|i=no, but few dictionaries mark them with acute accent.
• Slovenian: ʌ̀|i=no is preferred to Slovenian: à|i=no if following the Jurgec vowel system.
• An acute accent is placed on Slovenian: r|i=no in a word if it is followed by a consonant that is in the same morpheme.
• Slovenian: ĺ|i=no is only present in Slovenian: [[Vltava]]|i=yes.
• Slovenian: u̯|i=no is in a word written with u only in some old Slavic words, such as Slovenian: nauk|i=no "moral" and is usually transcribed into IPA as [w], but the distinction between the semivowel and consonant is then lost, so u̯ʷ, or simply u̯ is favored.
• On computers, Slovenian: ɱ|i=no can be used to represent .

Diacritical marks (non-tonal)!Mark!Position!Use

Slovenian: `|i=no	above	Denotes short vowel; it also denotes an open-mid or a mid vowel when combined with Slovenian: e|i=no and Slovenian: o|i=no.
Slovenian: ´|i=no	above	Denotes long vowel; it also denotes a close-mid vowel when combined with Slovenian: e|i=no and Slovenian: o|i=no.Exception is when combined with r or l (see above)
Slovenian: ^|i=no	above	Denotes long open-mid vowel.
	below	Denotes mid vowel and can only be combined with Slovenian: e|i=no and Slovenian: o|i=no.
Slovenian: ¯|i=no	above	Denotes long vowel and can only be combined with Slovenian: ḙ|i=no and Slovenian: o̭|i=no. Can also be present on consonants.

Diacritical marks (tonal)!Mark!Position!Use

Slovenian: `|i=no	above	Denotes short vowel and low pitch.It is only combined with Slovenian: ə|i=no.
̏	above	Denotes short vowel and high pitch.
Slovenian: ´|i=no	above	Denotes long vowel and low pitch.
̑	above	Denotes long vowel and high pitch.
Slovenian: ¯|i=no	above	Denotes that both pitches are allowed.It is usually reserved only for long vowels. Can also be present on consonants.
̣	below	It denotes a close-mid vowel.
^	below	It denotes a mid vowel.

The different letters for nasal and lateral stops were only added later and are only rarely used (the usual Slovenian: p|i=no, Slovenian: b|i=no, Slovenian: t|i=no, and Slovenian: d|i=no are used).

Logar and Ramovš transcription

The Logar transcription is the full new national phonetic transcription and the Ramovš transcription is the "old" one, both of which can also be used for all Slovene dialects and Alpine Slavic. Logar transcription was designed by Valentin Logar and used in his works. It was implemented mainly because Ramovš transcription was not standardized and to make national transcription more similar to the International Phonetic Alphabet. However, it failed to do that and both transcriptions are in use today.

The transcriptions used for written Slovene are a simplification of these two transcriptions; the letters stayed the same, apart from those added later, and the diacritical marks mimicked the ones from Ramovš transcription, but some were also changed and added.

The transcriptions really detail some sounds, and is therefore more appropriate to use for Slovene dialects than IPA and does not have a perfect IPA substitute for every letter.

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Vowels!RT!LT!IPA!Description!Example (Logar transcription) Slovenian: i|i=no i Close front unrounded vowel Slovenian: zíːma|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ü|i=no Slovenian: ü|i=no y Close front labialized (rounded) vowel Slovenian: klǜːč|i=no (South White Carniolan) ʏ͉ Hollow, velar, rounded, non-tense vowel between Slovenian: ü|i=no and Slovenian: y|i=no Slovenian: sǜːn|i=no (Upper Carniolan – Kropa) Slovenian: y|i=no i̠ Close near-front unrounded vowel Slovenian: ˈbyːri̯e|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: u|i=no u Close back rounded vowel Slovenian: klúːč|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: u̇|i=no Slovenian: u̇|i=no y̠͈ Close tense near-front rounded vowel Slovenian: glu̇̀ːh|i=no (Lower Carniolan) Slovenian: i̧|i=no ɪ̟͉ Near-close non-tense front unrounded vowel Slovenian: lì̧ːce|i=no (Eastern Lower Carniolan subdialect) Slovenian: ɨ|i=no ɪ Near-close near-front unrounded vowel Slovenian: žɨ́ːla|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ı̣|i=no Slovenian: i̥|i=no i͈ Close tense Slovenian: i|i=no Slovenian: ˈmåti̥|i=no (Prekmurje) Slovenian: i̥|i=no ɨ̟̞ Reduced Slovenian: i|i=no-like vowel Slovenian: na smˈriːet’i̥|i=no (Rižana subdialect) Slovenian: y̥|i=no Slovenian: y̥|i=no ɨ̞ Reduced Slovenian: y|i=no-like vowel Slovenian: mỳ̥ti|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: u̥|i=no ʉ̠̞ Reduced Slovenian: u|i=no-like vowel Slovenian: tˈraːbu̥x|i=no (South Pohorje) Slovenian: u̧|i=no ʊ̠͉ Near-close non-tense back rounded vowel Slovenian: nu̧ːxt|i=no (Eastern Lower Carniolan subdialect) Slovenian: ů|i=no Slovenian: ů|i=no ʊ̠̝͈ Almost-close tense Slovenian: o|i=no Slovenian: ˈrȩbrů|i=no (Prekmurje) Slovenian: ė|i=no ɪ̟͈ Near-close tense front unrounded vowel Slovenian: bˈrėːza|i=no (Upper Savinja) Slovenian: ȯ|i=no ʊ̠͈ Near-close tense back rounded vowel Slovenian: ˈxȯːd’im|i=no (Upper Savinja) Slovenian: ẹ|i=no e Close-mid front unrounded vowel Slovenian: pẹ̀ːst|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ë|i=no Slovenian: ë|i=no e̠ Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel Slovenian: nə strẹ́šë̀|i=no (Gail Valley) Slovenian: ọ|i=no o Close-mid back rounded vowel Slovenian: kọ́ːža|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ḙ|i=no e̞ Mid front unrounded vowel Slovenian: zˈvḙːzda|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: e̥|i=no ɘ̞ Reduced Slovenian: e|i=no-like vowel Slovenian: na bˈreɣe̥|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: o̥|i=no ɵ̞ Reduced Slovenian: o|i=no-like vowel Slovenian: ˈło̥xt|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: o̭|i=no o̞ Mid back rounded vowel Slovenian: nó̭ːgà|i=no (Kranjska Gora subdialect) Slovenian: ȩ|i=no Slovenian: e|i=no / Slovenian: ɛ|i=no ɛ Open-mid front unrounded vowel Slovenian: téːta|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ě|i=no ɛː Yat (long open front vowel) that was present in Alpine Slavic Slovenian: ö|i=no ø Open- and close-mid front rounded vowel Slovenian: zˈbödy|i=no (Inner Carniolan) œ Slovenian: ə|i=no ə̞ Open-mid central vowel Slovenian: ˈpəs|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ə̣|i=no Slovenian: ə̣|i=no ə̟? Further reduction of Slovenian: i̥|i=no and Slovenian: e̥|i=no Slovenian: də̣klè|i=no (Lower Carniolan) Slovenian: o̧|i=no Slovenian: o|i=no / Slovenian: ɔ|i=no ɔ Open-mid back rounded vowel Slovenian: kóːsa|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ä|i=no æ Near-open front unrounded vowel Slovenian: tä́ːta|i=no (South White Carniolan) Slovenian: ḁ̈|i=no Slovenian: ḁ̈|i=no æ̠? Reduced Slovenian: ä|i=no Slovenian: ˈsọ̀ːlzḁ̈|i=no (Resian) Slovenian: ḁ|i=no Slovenian: ḁ|i=no ɐ Reduced a-like vowel Slovenian: kḁˈlḙnȯ|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: å|i=no ɒ̝ Near-open back rounded vowel Slovenian: ˈžåːba|i=no (South Pohorje) Slovenian: ḁ̊|i=no Slovenian: ḁ̊|i=no ɒ̟̝? Reduced Slovenian: å|i=no Slovenian: ˈžilḁ̊|i=no (some speakers) Slovenian: ȧ|i=no a̝ (not fully) Open front unrounded vowel Slovenian: ˈtȧːta|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: a|i=no ä Open mid unrounded vowel Slovenian: tráːva|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: ã|i=no Slovenian: ą|i=no ã Nasal a Slovenian: pą́ːta|i=no (Jaun Valley) Slovenian: õ|i=no Slovenian: ǫ|i=no ɔ̃ Nasal Slovenian: o|i=no Slovenian: qǫ̀ːt|i=no (Jaun Valley) Slovenian: ọ̃|i=no Slovenian: ǫ̣|i=no õ Nasal Slovenian: ọ|i=no Slovenian: zǫ̣̀ːf|i=no (Jaun Valley) Slovenian: ȯ̃|i=no Slovenian: ǫ̇|i=no ʊ̠͈̃ Nasal Slovenian: ȯ|i=no Slovenian: pǫ̇̀ːpi|i=no (Jaun Valley; rarely) Slovenian: i̤|i=no Slovenian: ɨ̤|i=no Breathy i Slovenian: ˈi̤ša|i=no (Resian) Slovenian: ṳ|i=no ʉ̤ Breathy u Slovenian: ˈrṳška|i=no (Resian) Slovenian: e̤|i=no ɛ̤̈ Breathy Slovenian: e|i=no Slovenian: ko̤ˈle̤no̤|i=no (Resian) Slovenian: o̤|i=no œ̤̈ Breathy Slovenian: o|i=no Slovenian: ˈo̤ko̤|i=no (Resian) ɵ̤ Slovenian: ə̤|i=no Slovenian: ə̤|i=no ə̤ Breathy Slovenian: ə|i=no Slovenian: ˈo̤čə̤|i=no (Resian; rarely)	Non-sonorants!RT!LT!IPA!Example (Logar transcription)!Further details Slovenian: p|i=no p Slovenian: xˈlaːpc|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: b|i=no b Slovenian: bràːda|i=no (Prekmurje) Slovenian: ɸ|i=no Slovenian: ɸ|i=no ɸ Slovenian: zó:ɸ|i=no (Upper Carniola) Slovenian: b’|i=no bʲ Slovenian: ˈdi̯eːb’o|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: b|i=no Slovenian: ƀ|i=no b͉ Slovenian: ƀóːƀəca|i=no (Jaun Valley) Spirantized Slovenian: b|i=no Slovenian: f|i=no f Slovenian: ˈfant|i=no (Lower Carniola) Slovenian: θ|i=no Slovenian: θ|i=no θ̪͆ Slovenian: hù:əθ|i=no (Jaun Valley) Slovenian: ð|i=no Slovenian: ð|i=no ð̪͆ Slovenian: 'smərðu|i=no (some speakers) Slovenian: đ|i=no d̻͉̄ Slovenian: brǻːđə|i=no (Jaun Valley) Spirantized Slovenian: d|i=no Slovenian: t|i=no t̻̄ Slovenian: ˈteːme|i=no (Prekmurje) Slovenian: t’|i=no t̻̄ʲ Slovenian: ot’áː|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatalized Slovenian: t|i=no Slovenian: d|i=no d̻̄ Slovenian: dẹ̀ːdej|i=no (Jaun Valley) Slovenian: d’|i=no d̻̄ʲ Slovenian: rˈd’aːvẹ|i=no (Prekmurje) Palatalized Slovenian: d|i=no Slovenian: c|i=no t̪̻͡s̪̻ Slovenian: sərˈciə|i=no (Karst) Dentalized [{{IPA link|t̪s̪|t͡s}}] Slovenian: c’|i=no t̪̻͡s̪̻ʲ Slovenian: òšpic’ȧ|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: c|i=no Slovenian: ʒ|i=no d̪̻͡z̪̻ Slovenian: ʒìo|i=no (Natisone Valley) Dentalized [{{IPA link|d̪z̪|d͡z}}] Slovenian: s|i=no s̪̻ Slovenian: làːs|i=no (Selca) Dentalized [{{IPA link|s̪|s}}] Slovenian: s’|i=no s̪̻ʲ Slovenian: ˈpars’ė|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: s|i=no Slovenian: z|i=no z̪̻ Slovenian: kəˈzaːu̯c|i=no (Rižana subdialect) Dentalized [{{IPA link|z̪|z}}] Slovenian: z’|i=no z̪̻ʲ Slovenian: jèz’ik|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: z|i=no Slovenian: c̣|i=no Slovenian: c̣|i=no / Slovenian: ċ|i=no t͇͡s͇ Slovenian: ˈċala|i=no (Bača subdialect) Between Slovenian: c|i=no and Slovenian: č|i=no Slovenian: ṣ|i=no Slovenian: ṣ|i=no / Slovenian: ṡ|i=no s͇ Slovenian: pˈlẹːṡa|i=no (Bača subdialect) Between Slovenian: s|i=no and Slovenian: š|i=no Slovenian: ẓ|i=no Slovenian: ẓ|i=no / Slovenian: ż|i=no z͇ Slovenian: miˈżinċ|i=no (Bača subdialect) Between Slovenian: z|i=no and Slovenian: ž|i=no Slovenian: t́|i=no c? Slovenian: laˈt́ẹːt|i=no (Prekmurje) Palatal Slovenian: t|i=no Slovenian: d́|i=no Slovenian: d́|i=no ɟ? Slovenian: ˈd́ẹːtra|i=no (Prekmurje) Palatal d Slovenian: ć|i=no t͡ɕ Slovenian: ˈmaːćexa|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Palatal Slovenian: c|i=no Slovenian: ʒ́|i=no d͡ʑ Slovenian: ʒ́enitọ̀ːrji|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatal Slovenian: ʒ|i=no Slovenian: ś|i=no ɕ Slovenian: ˈśux|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatal Slovenian: s|i=no Slovenian: ź|i=no ʑ Slovenian: śòːu̯źa|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatal Slovenian: z|i=no Slovenian: č|i=no t͡ʃ Slovenian: ˈməːrlič|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: č’|i=no Slovenian: č’|i=no t͡ʃʲ Slovenian: plỳč’ȧ|i=no (some speakers) Palatalized Slovenian: č|i=no Slovenian: ǯ|i=no d͡ʒ Slovenian: ǯíːnar|i=no (Torre Valley) Slovenian: ǯ’|i=no Slovenian: ǯ’|i=no d͡ʒʲ Slovenian: påːžǯ’e|i=no (Prekmurje; rarely) Palatalized Slovenian: ǯ|i=no Slovenian: š|i=no ʃ Slovenian: ˈkaːšiĺ|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: ž|i=no ʒ Slovenian: žaˈna|i=no (Rosen Valley) Slovenian: č́|i=no t͡ɕ / t͡ʃʲ? Slovenian: č́elìːən|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatal Slovenian: č|i=no Slovenian: ǯ́|i=no / Slovenian: dž́|i=no Slovenian: ǯ́|i=no d͡ʑ / d͡zʲ? Slovenian: riˈǯ́ȧːve|i=no (some speakers) Palatal Slovenian: ǯ|i=no Slovenian: š́|i=no ɕ / ʃʲ? Slovenian: táːš́č́a|i=no (Torre Valley) Palatal Slovenian: š|i=no Slovenian: ž́|i=no ʑ / ʒʲ? Slovenian: jəˈž́ək|i=no (Prekmurje) Palatal Slovenian: ž|i=no Slovenian: k|i=no k Slovenian: pr̥ˈgiːška|i=no (Prekmurje) Slovenian: k’|i=no kʲ Slovenian: vèk’e|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: k|i=no Slovenian: g|i=no g Slovenian: gùːx|i=no (Upper Carniola) Slovenian: g’|i=no gʲ Slovenian: ˈg’ẹːi̯tra|i=no (some speakers) Palatalized Slovenian: g|i=no Slovenian: x|i=no x Slovenian: xàːti|i=no (Rosen Valley) Slovenian: x’|i=no xʲ Slovenian: pətpàːsx’ė|i=no (Upper Savinja) Palatalized Slovenian: x|i=no Slovenian: ɣ|i=no ɣ Slovenian: kúːɣa|i=no (Upper Carniola) Slovenian: ǥ|i=no g͉ Slovenian: ǥu̯áːu̯a|i=no (Rosen Valley) Spirantized Slovenian: g|i=no Slovenian: ǵ|i=no ɟ? Slovenian: 'ǵẹzik|i=no (Prekmurje) Palatal Slovenian: g|i=no Slovenian: x́|i=no ç? Slovenian: mi̥'x́yːr|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Palatal Slovenian: x|i=no Slovenian: ɣx|i=no ɣ̥᪽ Slovenian: kùːɣxa|i=no (Torre Valley) Slovenian: ɣ|i=no that partially lost the voicing Slovenian: h|i=no ħ ~ ɦ Slovenian: qúːha|i=no (Rosen Valley) ʕ ~ h [ħ ~ ɦ] that lost voicing Slovenian: q|i=no Slovenian: q|i=no / Slovenian: ʔ|i=no / Slovenian: ꝗ|i=no ʔ Slovenian: déːqwa|i=no (Rosen Valley)
Sonorants and semivowels!RT!LT!IPA!Description!Example (Logar transcription) Slovenian: w|i=no w Bilabial approximant Slovenian: ɣoˈwọːry|i=no (Inner Carniolan) Slovenian: u̯|i=no u̯ʷ Semivowel Slovenian: w|i=no Slovenian: pepẹ̀ːu̯|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: m|i=no m Bilabial nasal Slovenian: mẹ́ːlem|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: v|i=no ʋ Labiodental approximant Slovenian: čevọ̀ː|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: v’|i=no ʋʲ Palatalized Slovenian: v|i=no Slovenian: pˈraːv’im|i=no (Upper Savinja) Slovenian: m’|i=no Slovenian: m’|i=no mʲ Palatalized Slovenian: m|i=no Slovenian: ˈłuọːm’əm|i=no (Upper Savinja) Slovenian: l|i=no l Alveolar continued lateral approximant Slovenian: lìːst|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: l̯|i=no Slovenian: l̠|i=no l̪ Dental continued lateral approximant Slovenian: l̠ìːce|i=no (Haloze) Slovenian: r|i=no ɾ Alveolar discontinued approximant Slovenian: rẹ́ːpa|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: n|i=no n̪ Dental nasal Slovenian: ˈnoːu̯s|i=no (Central Styrian) Slovenian: l’|i=no lʲ Palatalized Slovenian: l|i=no Slovenian: ˈl’uːdi|i=no (South White Carniolan) Slovenian: n’|i=no nʲ Palatalized dental nasal Slovenian: ˈtiln’ėk|i=no (Upper Savinja) Slovenian: ĺ|i=no ʎ Palatal lateral approximant Slovenian: ˈiːxtĺu|i=no (Karst) Slovenian: ń|i=no ɲ Palatal nasal Slovenian: ńìːwa|i=no (Brda) Slovenian: j|i=no j Palatal approximant Slovenian: jéːčmen|i=no (Upper Carniolan) Slovenian: i̯|i=no i̯ Semivowel Slovenian: j|i=no Slovenian: ˈzaːi̯ka|i=no (North White Carniolan) Slovenian: j̃|i=no Slovenian: j̃|i=no / Slovenian: j̨|i=no j̃ Nasalized Slovenian: j|i=no Slovenian: lọ̑ˈbåːj̃a|i=no (Slovene Hills) Slovenian: ĩ̯|i=no ĩ̯ Nasalized Slovenian: ĩ̯|i=no Slovenian: cúĩ̯a|i=no (Horjul) Slovenian: ł|i=no ʟ Velar Slovenian: l|i=no Slovenian: ˈłȧːi̯tu|i=no (Inner Carniola) Slovenian: ṙ|i=no Slovenian: ṙ|i=no / Slovenian: ʀ|i=no ʀ Uvular Slovenian: r|i=no Slovenian: ˈṙuːəx|i=no (Rosen Valley) Slovenian: ŋ|i=no ŋ Velar Slovenian: n|i=no Slovenian: lẹ́ːšəŋk|i=no (Upper Carniolan)	Diacritics!RT!LT!IPA!Further details Tones Slovenian: V̑|i=no Slovenian: V̀ː|i=no V́ː Long high-pitched vowel Slovenian: V̏|i=no Slovenian: V̀|i=no V́ Short high-pitched vowel Slovenian: V́|i=no Slovenian: V́ː|i=no V̀ː Long low-pitched vowel Slovenian: V̀|i=no Slovenian: V́|i=no V̀ Short low-pitched vowel Slovenian: Ṽ|i=no V̂ High-low-pitched vowel (in Brdo dialect) Slovenian: [[File:Rastoči nadkratki poudarek.png|frameless|15x15px]]|i=no V̆̀ Extra-short low-pitched vowel Stress Slovenian: V̄|i=no Slovenian: ˈVː|i=no Vː Long stressed vowel Slovenian: -|i=no Slovenian: ˈVˑ|i=no Vˑ Semi-long stressed vowel Slovenian: V̆|i=no Slovenian: ˈV|i=no V Short stressed vowel Other vowel diacritics Slovenian: Ṽ|i=no Slovenian: V̨|i=no Ṽ Nasal vowel Slovenian: Ṿ|i=no V̝͈ Raised tense vowel Slovenian: V̇|i=no see above Extremely raised and tense vowel Slovenian: V̧|i=no Slovenian: V|i=no V̞ Lowered vowel Slovenian: V̭|i=no see above Neutral (mid) vowel Slovenian: V̥|i=no V̈ Centralized vowel Slovenian: V̤|i=no V̤ Breathy vowel Slovenian: V̯|i=no V̯ Short implosive and explosive vowel or semivowel Slovenian: <sup>V</sup>|i=no (V̆) Weak articulation, shortness Consonants Slovenian: C̄|i=no Slovenian: Cː|i=no Cː Long consonant Slovenian: C̃|i=no Slovenian: C̃|i=no / Slovenian: C̨|i=no C̃ Nasal consonant Slovenian: C̮|i=no C̥᪽ Semi-voiced consonant Slovenian: C̥|i=no C̩ Syllabic consonant Slovenian: C‛|i=no Cʰ Aspirated consonant Slovenian: <sup>C</sup>|i=no (C̆) Weak articulation, shortness Other Slovenian: C|i=no Dummy consonant Slovenian: V|i=no Dummy vowel Slovenian: ø|i=no A sound that is not present, null ending Slovenian: / /|i=no Phoneme Slovenian: [ ]|i=no Allophone Slovenian: >|i=no Derived from Slovenian: <|i=no Originates from

Notes:

• Letters marked with * are not part of the standard transcription.
• Both Logar and Ramovš used Slovenian: č́|i=no, Slovenian: ǯ́|i=no, Slovenian: š́|i=no, and Slovenian: ž́|i=no, however it is unknown whether they are palatal or only palatalized and what is the difference between them and palatalized Slovenian: č|i=no and Slovenian: ǯ|i=no, or palatal Slovenian: ć|i=no, Slovenian: ʒ́|i=no, Slovenian: ś|i=no, and Slovenian: ź|i=no.
• IPA transcriptions followed by a question mark are presumed; there was not enough research done to fully determine the transcription.
• The IPA transcriptions given are exact. When writing pronunciation generally, not all diacritics have to be used.
• On computers, Slovenian: V̔|i=no can be used to represent Slovenian: [[File:Rastoči nadkratki poudarek.png|frameless|15x15px]]|i=no.

References

1. Book: Logar, Valentin "Tine" . Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave . Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša . 1996 . 961-6182-18-8 . Kenda-Jež . Karmen . . VII-XV . sl. Dialectological and etymological discussions.
2. Book: Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika: SSKJ 2 . Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša . 2015 . 978-961-282-010-7 . . 40–41 . sl. 2., dopolnjena in deloma prenovljena izdaja . 2022-03-19 . 2022-03-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318114250/https://www.fran.si/ . live .
3. Book: ePravopis slovenskega knjižnega jezika . Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša . 2014 . Ljubljana . 69–81 . sl. Pravila . Grammatical Rules . https://fran.si/134/slovenski-pravopis/datoteke/Pravopis_Pravila.pdf . 2022-03-19 . 2022-01-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220121064611/https://fran.si/iskanje?FilteredDictionaryIds=135&View=1&Query=* . live .