Ralph S. Baric Explained

Ralph S. Baric
Nationality:American
Fields:Epidemiology
Workplaces:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Alma Mater:North Carolina State University
Thesis Title:Inhibitors of host transcription block Sindbis virus replication
Thesis Url:https://catalog.lib.ncsu.edu/catalog/NCSU636701
Thesis Year:1982
Doctoral Advisor:Robert E. Johnston
Doctoral Students:Lisa Ellen Hensley

Ralph Steven Baric (born 1954) is William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor in the Department of Epidemiology, and professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Baric's work involves coronaviruses, including gain of function research aimed at devising effective vaccines against coronaviruses.[1] Baric has warned of emerging coronaviruses presenting as a significant threat to global health, due to zoonosis.[2] [3] Baric's work has drawn criticism from some scientists and members of the public related to chimeric virus experiments conducted at UNC-Chapel Hill.[4]

Career

Baric has published multiple articles and book chapters on the epidemiology and genetics of various viruses, including norovirus,[5] [6] [7] and coronaviruses,[8] [9] as well as potential treatments for viral diseases.[10] [11]

In 2015, with Shi Zhengli of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, he published an article titled "A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence," which describes their work in generating and characterizing a chimeric virus which added the spike of a bat coronavirus (SHC014) onto the backbone of a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (rMA15).[12] The research related to this article drew criticism from other scientists due to fears that the SHC014-rMA15 chimeric virus could have pandemic potential.[13] This concern was renewed and echoed by members of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.[14] Experts have noted that the virus was adapted to a mouse model and had decreased virulence in human tissues.[15] The chimeric virus was also less virulent than the wild type rMA15 virus, as is expected in most chimeras.[15]

In 2020, Baric contributed to establishing the official nomenclature and taxonomic classification of SARS-CoV-2.[16] In 2021, he was elected member of the U. S. National Academy of Sciences.[17]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hear from top scientist who has spent 'years' working toward a cure for coronaviruses . Msnbc.com . 2021-02-13.
  2. Web site: Schmidt . Charles . For Experts Who Study Coronaviruses, a Grim Vindication . Medscape . 2020-06-09 . 2021-02-13.
  3. Rowan Jacobsen, 29 June 2021. Inside the risky bat-virus engineering that links America to Wuhan. MIT Technology Review.
  4. Engineered bat virus stirs debate over risky research . 10.1038/nature.2015.18787 . 2015 . Butler . Declan . Nature . 182338924 .
  5. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection . Nature Medicine . 2003-04-14 . 10.1038/nm860 . 2021-02-13. Lindesmith . Lisa . Moe . Christine . Marionneau . Severine . Ruvoen . Nathalie . Jiang . Xi . Lindblad . Lauren . Stewart . Paul . Lependu . Jacques . Baric . Ralph . 9 . 5 . 548–553 . 12692541 . 28663420 .
  6. Teunis . Peter F.M. . Moe . Christine L. . Liu . Pengbo . E. Miller . Sara . Lindesmith . Lisa . Baric . Ralph S. . Le Pendu . Jacques . Calderon . Rebecca L. . Norwalk virus: How infectious is it? . Journal of Medical Virology . Wiley . 80 . 8 . 2008 . 0146-6615 . 10.1002/jmv.21237 . 1468–1476. 18551613 . 35718373 .
  7. Mechanisms of GII.4 Norovirus Persistence in Human Populations . Journals.plos.org . 2008-02-12 . 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050031 . Lindesmith . Lisa C. . Donaldson . Eric F. . Lobue . Anna D. . Cannon . Jennifer L. . Zheng . Du-Ping . Vinje . Jan . Baric . Ralph S. . PLOS Medicine . 5 . 2 . e31 . 18271619 . 2235898 . free .
  8. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses . Nature Reviews Microbiology . 2013-11-11 . 10.1038/nrmicro3143 . Graham . Rachel L. . Donaldson . Eric F. . Baric . Ralph S. . 11 . 12 . 836–848 . 24217413 . 5147543 .
  9. Book: Brian . D. A. . Baric . R. S. . Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology . Coronavirus Genome Structure and Replication . Springer Berlin Heidelberg . Berlin, Heidelberg . 2005 . 287 . 978-3-540-21494-6 . 0070-217X . 10.1007/3-540-26765-4_1 . 1–30. 15609507 . 7120446 . 20502390 .
  10. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV . Nature Communications . 2020-01-10 . 10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6 . Sheahan . Timothy P. . Sims . Amy C. . Leist . Sarah R. . Schäfer . Alexandra . Won . John . Brown . Ariane J. . Montgomery . Stephanie A. . Hogg . Alison . Babusis . Darius . Clarke . Michael O. . Spahn . Jamie E. . Bauer . Laura . Sellers . Scott . Porter . Danielle . Feng . Joy Y. . Cihlar . Tomas . Jordan . Robert . Denison . Mark R. . Baric . Ralph S. . 11 . 1 . 222 . 31924756 . 6954302 . 2020NatCo..11..222S .
  11. Sheahan . Timothy P. . Sims . Amy C. . Graham . Rachel L. . Menachery . Vineet D. . Gralinski . Lisa E. . Case . James B. . Leist . Sarah R. . Pyrc . Krzysztof . Feng . Joy Y. . Trantcheva . Iva . Bannister . Roy . Park . Yeojin . Babusis . Darius . Clarke . Michael O. . Mackman . Richard L. . Spahn . Jamie E. . Palmiotti . Christopher A. . Siegel . Dustin . Ray . Adrian S. . Cihlar . Tomas . Jordan . Robert . Denison . Mark R. . Baric . Ralph S. . Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses . Science Translational Medicine . 9 . 396 . 2017-06-28 . eaal3653 . 1946-6234 . 28659436 . 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653 . 5567817 . free .
  12. A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence . Nature Medicine . 2015 . 10.1038/nm.3985 . Menachery . Vineet D. . Yount . Boyd L. . Debbink . Kari . Agnihothram . Sudhakar . Gralinski . Lisa E. . Plante . Jessica A. . Graham . Rachel L. . Scobey . Trevor . Ge . Xing-Yi . Donaldson . Eric F. . Randell . Scott H. . Lanzavecchia . Antonio . Marasco . Wayne A. . Shi . Zhengli-Li . Baric . Ralph S. . 21 . 12 . 1508–1513 . 26552008 . 4797993 .
  13. Engineered bat virus stirs debate over risky research . 10.1038/nature.2015.18787 . 2015 . Butler . Declan . Nature . 182338924 .
  14. News: Jacobsen . Rowan . Inside the risky bat-virus engineering that links America to Wuhan . 3 November 2022 . MIT Technology Review . 29 June 2021 . en.
  15. Liu . Shan-Lu . Saif . Linda J. . Weiss . Susan R. . Su . Lishan . No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 . Emerging Microbes & Infections . 1 January 2020 . 9 . 1 . 505–507 . 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440. 32102621 . 7054935 .
  16. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 . Nature Microbiology . 2020 . 5 . 4 . 536–544 . 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. 32123347 . 7095448 . 211729429 . Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses .
  17. Web site: News from the National Academy of Sciences. April 26, 2021. July 4, 2021. Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: ... Baric, Ralph S.; William R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor, department of epidemiology, and professor, department of microbiology and immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill., entry in member directory:Web site: Member Directory: Ralph S. Baric. 2021-11-27. National Academy of Sciences.

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