Ghaziabad Explained

Ghaziabad
Settlement Type:Metropolis City[1]
Nickname:Gateway of Uttar Pradesh
Pushpin Map:India Uttar Pradesh#India#Asia
Pushpin Map Alt:Map of Ghaziabad
Coordinates:28.67°N 77.42°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: India
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:Division
Subdivision Type3:District
Subdivision Name1: Uttar Pradesh
Subdivision Name2:Meerut
Subdivision Name3:Ghaziabad
Government Type:Municipal Corporation
Governing Body:Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Sunita Dayal (BJP)
Leader Title1:Municipal Commissioner
Leader Name1:Nitin Gaur, IAS[2]
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Footnotes:[3]
Area Total Km2:210
Population Total:1,729,000
Population As Of:2011
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Demonym:Ghaziabadi
Demographics Type1:Languages
Demographics1 Title1:Official
Demographics1 Info1:Hindi
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+5:30
Postal Code Type:PIN
Postal Code:201 XXX
Area Code:91-120
Area Code Type:Telephone code
Registration Plate:UP-14

Ghaziabad (pronounced as /ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪/) is a city in the Indian state [4] of Uttar Pradesh and a part of Delhi NCR.[5] It is the administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district and is the largest city in Western Uttar Pradesh, with a population of 1,729,000.[3] Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.[6] The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.[3] Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for North India.[7] [8] It is part of the Meerut Division of Uttar Pradesh.

It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to Delhi, on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.[9] Recent construction[10] work has led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.[11] [12] Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the Hindon River, namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.[13]

History

The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din II, who served as a wazir in the court of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah, and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.[14] The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.[15] [16] [17] During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the Hindon in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.[18]

Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by Syed Ahmad Khan.[19] The Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway, connecting Delhi and Lahore, up until Ambala through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.[20] With the completion of the Amritsar-Saharanpur-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, Delhi was connected to Multan through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the East Indian Railway and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.[21]

Ghaziabad, along with Meerut and Bulandshahr, remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the British Raj.[22]

Ghaziabad was associated with the Indian independence movement from the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[15]

Ghaziabad was part of Meerut district, it became a new district on 14 November 1976 by then chief minister N.D. Tiwari. [23]

Demographics

Population

The provisional data derived from the 2011 census shows that Ghaziabad urban agglomeration had a population of 2,358,525, of which males were 1,256,783 and females were 1,101,742. The literacy rate was 98.81%.[24] Ghaziabad is a subcategory B1 district of category B i.e. having socioeconomic parameters below the national average.[25] It is the second largest industrial city in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur.[26] [27]

According to the final data, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,648,643 and a sex ratio of 885 females per 1000 males. Ghaziabad had a literacy rate of 84.78%. 12.67% of the population was under the age of 6. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 13.68% and 0.18% of the population respectively.[28]

Hindi is the most spoken language. Other languages such as Urdu and Punjabi, are spoken by a minority. There is a smattering of speakers of other languages due to Ghaziabad's position in the Delhi metro area.[29]

Government and politics

Ghaziabad city is governed by the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Corporation Act, 1959.[30] Ghaziabad city is spread over of municipal area.[31] It upgraded from a Municipal Board to a Municipal Corporation on 31 August 1994, following the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (or Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad) is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone. The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards, with councillors elected from each ward.[32] The local elections to all wards was last held in 2023.[33] The executive head is Nitin Gaur, the current Municipal Commissioner while the elected head is the Mayor, Sunita dayal from the BJP.[34] In 2022, Assembly Election Atul Garg, Bhartiya Janta Party candidate won the election.

The municipality has the following departments: Swachh Bharat Mission, Public Works Dept, I.T Dept, Property Tax Dept, Health Dept, Street Light Dept, Water Works Dept, Law, Garden/Horticulture.[35] It has an executive committee composed of businessmen.[36]

Representation in state assembly

The city is represented in the Lok Sabha through one MP elected from the Lok Sabha constituency represented by Gen. (Retd.) Vijay Kumar Singh from the BJP,[37] and one MLA elected from the Vidhan Sabha constituency, represented by BJP's Atul Garg elected in 2017.[38]

Law and order

In January 2020, it was announced that the police commissionerate system was likely to be introduced in Ghaziabad in phases.[39] The city police is under the state home department and is headed by Senior Superintendent of Police for the district.[40]

Development

The Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA), established 1977, is responsible for planning, development and construction of housing projects, commercial lands, land management and infrastructure.

Civic utilities

Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad looks after the civic activities of the city. Other development agencies of the city include the Ghaziabad Development Authority, and the UP Jal Nigam. The master plan for the city is laid by the Town & Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, which is department under the Department of Housing and Urban Planning for the state.[41]

The corporation supplies water and has nearly 2.35 lakh water connections, supplying nearly 388 MLD of water per day.[42] The city also receives water from the Ganga through 50 cusec (one cubic foot of water flow per second which translates into 28.32 litres) and 100 cusec plants but a lot of areas in the city constituting multi-storied apartments do not receive Ganga water and rely on groundwater.[43] Treated water is supplied to only 36.2% of households.[44]

The municipality, as well as UP Jal Nigam sets up sewage treatment plants and water treatment plants for the city. The Ghaziabad Development Authority is responsible for laying networks of sewer lines and piped drinking water supply.[44] Drinking water remains a concern with 55.6% of households accessing it from tube wells, bore wells and hand pumps. Only 30.5% households are connected to piped sewer lines.

As of 2019, Ghaziabad generates 1,000 metric tonnes of waste daily, some of which is sent to Meerut, while 300 metric tonnes are sent to Pilkhuwa, while almost 200 metric tons is used in various GMC owned parks to create compost.[45] The corporation also dumps garbage in Indirapuram landfill site, and would dump it in Pratap Vihar landfill until they stopped on the orders of a National Green Tribunal committee.[45] The corporation also announced in September 2020 that it was creating 10 'garbage factories[46] ' as a permanent solution to the city's waste problem.

Economy

Although connected by railway since 1865, it was not until 1940 that the first modern industry appeared in Ghaziabad. However, it was in the post-independence period that industry really expanded, with a further 22 factories opening in the four years after 1947. This development can be attributed to the influx of people from the newly formed Pakistan and the relocation of businesses from what was now the Pakistani province of Punjab.[47] John Oakey and Mohan Ltd., one of India's largest concerns manufacturing coated and bonded abrasives, and originally functioning under the name of 'National Abrasives' at Rawalpindi was shifted here under the proprietorship of 'Dyer Meakins' in 1947.[48] Subsequently, the Mohan Meakin breweries were also set up in the year 1949.[49] This period also saw the development of Ghaziabad as one of India's most famous centres of the Oil Engines industry.[50]

In 1967, the municipal limits were extended up to the Delhi-UP border. Starting in the early 1970s, many steel-manufacturing units also came up in the city making it one of the primary industries of the city. This period also saw the emergence of the Electronics industry, with the setting up of Bharat Electronics Limited and Central Electronics Limited[51] Over the years, planned Industrial development saw participation from major industrial houses of the country including Mohans (Mohan Nagar Industrial Estate, 1949), Tatas (Tata Oil Mills), Modis (Modinagar, 1933; International Tobacco Co. 1967), Shri Rams (Shri Ram Pistons, 1964), Jaipurias etc. and also significant participation through foreign capital in concerns such as Danfoss India Ltd. (estd. 1968); Indo- Bulgar Food Ltd. and International Tobacco Company (estd. 1967).[52]

Transportation

Road

A proposal has been made to widen National Highway 24 (NH-24) from four to fourteen lanes on the stretch between the Ghaziabad-Delhi border and Dasna. Many residential and commercial projects are being built along the highway.[53]

Rail

The Blue and Red lines of Delhi Metro serve Ghaziabad and connect it with Delhi. The Red Line has 8 stations in the city, with its eastern terminus Shaheed Sthal being located here. The Blue Line has 2 stations in Ghaziabad, viz., Kaushambi, which serves the area of Kaushambi, and Vaishali, which serves the areas of Vaishali, Vasundhara and Indirapuram.[54]

The main railway station in the city is Ghaziabad Junction, which, as per the categorization of Indian Railway stations by commercial importance, has been ranked NSG-2.[55] The station has been operating since 1864 and is an important one on the Delhi-Howrah line. It is spread across 150000m2 and has a daily footfall of 50,000 passengers.[56]

The Delhi–Meerut RRTS is an semi-high speed rail connecting Delhi, Ghaziabad, and Meerut.[57] [58] [59] It is partly operational, with its priority section from Sahibabad to Duhai opened to public on 20 October 2023.[60]

Air

Hindon Airport is an airport serving Ghaziabad and has been operational since 2019. It is the second commercial airport in the Delhi–NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport. The airport was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 8 March 2019. The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the closest international airport. Hindon Airport currently operates flights to Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, and Hubli, Karnataka.[61]

Education

Ghaziabad has also emerged as one of the major educational destinations with many higher education colleges and institutes operating in the city. Some of the main institutes are:-

Notable people

Arts, entertainment and television

Business

Politics and government

Sports

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Six cities to get metropolitan status. The Times of India. 20 October 2006 . 8 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223071608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Six-cities-to-get-metropolitan-status/articleshow/2210886.cms. 23 December 2017. live.
  2. News: In a reshuffle before civic polls, Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation. The Times of India. 20 September 2022 . 20 September 2022.
  3. Web site: Ghaziabad Information.
  4. Web site: CareersHelp . 29 March 2022 . Slums Problems 2022 - A Reality Of India Slums Problems And Solutions . 19 November 2022 . Careers Help - More Than Just Career Help . en-US . 6 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221006032836/https://careers.help/slums-problems/ . dead .
  5. Web site: National Capital Region- Constituent Areas. NCRPB. 1 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php. 7 May 2015. dead.
  6. Web site: Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam. 9 April 2020. 24 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html. dead.
  7. Book: Athique and Hill. Adrian and Douglas. The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure. 17 December 2009. New York. 110–114. 9781135181888. 2010.
  8. Web site: District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History. NIC. 27 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html. 4 June 2013. dead.
  9. Web site: Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P . Ghaziabad.nic.in . 29 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ . 28 July 2015 . live.
  10. Web site: 29 June 2009 . Ghaziabad slum dwellers clash with authorities . 19 November 2022 . The Indian Express . en.
  11. Web site: Business . 17 November 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm. 20 November 2011. live.
  12. Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. Web site: The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450. City Mayors. https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html. 9 March 2010. dead., current listings: Web site: World's fastest growing urban areas (1) . City Mayors . 1 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html . 25 November 2010 . live.
  13. Web site: Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us . https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html. 1 February 2013. dead.
  14. Anu Kapur, In 1864, with the advent of the railways, the name was shortened to Ghaziabad for administrative purposes p. 83-85, Mapping Place Names of India
  15. Web site: history1. nagarnigamghaziabad.com. 14 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html. 2 October 2015. live.
  16. Web site: [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live].
  17. Web site: History. ghaziabad.nic.in. District Administration, Ghaziabad. 5 November 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm. 8 December 2008. live.
  18. News: Roy. Debashish. Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone. The Hindu. 14 August 2011. 12 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon. 20 July 2014. live.
  19. Book: Azimabadi. Badr. Great Personalities in Islam. 2007. Adam Publishers. Daryaganj, Delhi. 218. 9788174351227.
  20. Web site: [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live].
  21. Web site: [IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live].
  22. Book: Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books . 8 June 2007 . 17 June 2014.
  23. Web site: About District ghaziabad India . 13 November 2023.
  24. Web site: Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above . Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 . 7 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233834/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf . 2 April 2013 . live.
  25. Web site: Meeting of Empowered Committee . https://web.archive.org/web/20110930090010/http://minorityaffairs.gov.in/sites/upload_files/moma/files/pdfs/34thEC.pdf . dead. 30 September 2011 . Minutes of the Meeting Report . Government of India . 18 March 2013 .
  26. Web site: district and session court-ghaziabad . Ghaziabad.nic.in . 17 June 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140214015019/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html . 14 February 2014 . dead.
  27. Web site: 11 April 2019 . Caste will play role in casting votes in Ghaziabad . 23 April 2023 . Hindustantimes . en.
  28. Web site: 2011 . District Census Handbook: Ghaziabad . censusindia.gov.in . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  29. Web site: 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level) . 27 June 2022 . censusindia.gov.in . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  30. Web site: The role of female human resource for regional development a case study of kanpur metropolis. 10603/223280.
  31. Web site: Ghaziabad City. 26 August 2020. ghaziabadnagarnigam.in.
  32. Web site: Parshad List. 29 October 2020. ghaziabadnagarnigam.in.
  33. Web site: Desk. India com News. 25 November 2017. Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam Polls 2017: Ward-Wise Candidate and Municipal Corporation Details of Ghaziabad, UP. 26 August 2020. India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News India.com. en.
  34. Web site: Ayaskant Das. 12 December 2017. BJP leader Asha Sharma sworn in as new Ghaziabad mayor Noida News - Times of India. 26 August 2020. The Times of India. en.
  35. Web site: Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad Official Website. 29 October 2020. ghaziabadnagarnigam.in.
  36. Web site: OrganizationGMA- Ghaziabad Management Association. 29 October 2020. gmaindia.org.
  37. Web site: Vijay Kumar Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(UTTAR PRADESH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate. 23 September 2020. myneta.info.
  38. Web site: Atul Garg(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- GHAZIABAD(GHAZIABAD) - Affidavit Information of Candidate. 23 September 2020. myneta.info.
  39. Web site: 15 January 2020. Commissionerate: New police system in Ghaziabad, Varanasi, Kanpur likely. 29 October 2020. The Indian Express. en.
  40. Web site: Who's Who District Ghaziabad, Government of Uttar Pradesh India. 29 October 2020. en-US.
  41. Web site: Official Website of Town And Country Planning Department, Uttar Pradesh, India. / About Us / Profile. 26 August 2020. uptownplanning.gov.in. 29 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029132356/http://uptownplanning.gov.in/page/en/profile. dead.
  42. Web site: 9 January 2017. Ghaziabad's residential areas to get water ATMs before summer. 26 August 2020. Hindustan Times. en.
  43. Web site: Ghaziabad: New Ganga water treatment plant to tackle city's water scarcity. 26 August 2020. www.cityspidey.com. en-GB.
  44. Web site: TNN. 4 September 2015. Treated water doesn't reach over half of Ghaziabad homes Noida News - Times of India. 26 August 2020. The Times of India. en.
  45. Web site: Abhijay Jha. 25 January 2019. Meerut allows Ghaziabad to dump 200 tonnes of waste daily Ghaziabad News - Times of India. 8 September 2020. The Times of India. en.
  46. Web site: Pioneer. The. GZB Municipal corp to set up 10 garbage factories. 8 September 2020. The Pioneer. en.
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  49. Web site: Mohan Meakin Group . Mohanmeakin.com . 17 June 2014.
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  53. Web site: Make NH-24 eight-lane to ease mess: Akhilesh Yadav . Hindustan Times. 20 June 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020244/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/UttarPradesh/Make-NH-24-eight-lane-to-ease-mess-Akhilesh-Yadav/Article1-989730.aspx . 4 June 2013 . dead.
  54. Web site: 15 July 2011. Ghaziabad boards Metro for first traffic-free ride to work. 16 April 2013. The Indian Express.
  55. Web site: List of zone/category-wise railway stations opened for passenger services in Indian Railways . 1 December 2022 . indianrailways.gov.in . Indian Railways . 22 December 2023 . 61.
  56. News: Ranjput . Abhinav . 21 December 2023 . Ghaziabad railway station on track for revamp . Times of India . New Delhi . 22 December 2023.
  57. Web site: Delhi–Meerut RRTS – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates . themetrorailguy.com . The Metro Rail Guy . 22 December 2023.
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