See main article: Eyre Peninsula Railway.
This article describes the railway stations on the Eyre Peninsula of South Australia that were located on the lines of the Port Lincoln Division of the former South Australian Railways (SAR). Few of them were staffed. All stations were closed in 1968 when the SAR withdrew all passenger services.
From 1908 until the early 1960s, the lines of the SAR's Port Lincoln Division, 832 km (517 mi) long at their maximum extent, were the lifeline for much of Eyre Peninsula because roads were non-existent at the dawn of the century and substandard even at the end of that period. The lines did not follow the spread of agricultural settlement; in most cases the railways preceded settlement and in fact made it possible. As the railways were built, towns were surveyed along the way. Some of these grew into small settlements and a few prospered. Only three towns along the railway (Port Lincoln, Ceduna and Penong) existed before the coming of the railway; all the others were established because of it. Trains were not just a service to the communities along the line; they were an essential, inseparable part of those communities. Regularly scheduled trains conveyed passengers, but often in very small numbers. More important was the service that these trains provided in the way of mails and parcels, bringing inwards supplies to the townships along the lines and taking fresh eggs, cream and other commodities back to Port Lincoln. No less important were the goods trains, bringing superphosphate, farm equipment and general goods in, and taking grain and other produce out to the seaboard.[1] [1]
Stations existing in 1953, when the Port Lincoln Division was at its most extensive, are shown in the map.
Only 13 stations on Eyre Peninsula had stationmasters at any time in their history; a small number had caretakers for short periods. After passenger services were withdrawn on 30 August 1968, staff were gradually withdrawn from outlying stations.[1]
There were 107 stations in the Port Lincoln Division; 13 of them (shown in bold) had a stationmaster at some stage.[1]
Balumbah
Beautiful Valley
Buckleboo
Bunora
Butler
Capietha
Caralue
Ceduna
Chandada
Charra
Chillundie
Chinbingina
Chinta
Cockaleechie
Coffin Bay
Condada
Coomaba
Coomunga
Cortiinye
Corunna
Cummins
Cungena
Cunyarie
Darke's Peak
Decres Bay
Drekurmi
Duck Ponds
Edillilie
Fowlers Bay
Grantham
Kalanbi
Kaldow
Kapinnie
KarcuItaby
Karkarook
Karkoo
Kevin
Kiana
Kielpa
Kilto
Kimba
Kirton Point
Konanda
Koonibba
Kopi
Kowulka
Kyancutta
Lake MacDonnell
Lock
Maltee
Minnipa
McLachlan
Moody
Moreenia
Mortlock
Moule
Mount Hill
Mount Hope
Mudamuckla
Murat Bay
Murdinga
Nammuldi
Nantuma
Ningana
Nunjikompita
Peachna
Pearlah
Penong
Pillana
Pimbaacla
Pinbong
Pinkawillinie
Poldinna
Poochera
Port LeHunte
Port Lincoln
Proper Bay
Puntabie
Pygery
Ravendale
Rudall
Taragoro
Terre
Thevenard
Tooligie
Toopoora
Ungarra
Uranno
Uworra
Verran
Waddikee
Wandana
Wanilla
Wannamana
Warrachie
Warramboo
Warunda
Watraba
Wharminda
Wiabuna
Wildeloo
Wirrulla
Wudinna
Yaninee
Yantanabie
Yeelanna
Yeltukka
At the time the first railway lines were being constructed, from 1907, it was impossible to predict which vicinity would grow and which would not. As a result of lines arriving first and townships being surveyed around them, throughout the peninsula there is a distinct uniformity to the arrangement of railway lines relative to the townships which adjoin them; in most cases the design far exceeded what would be needed.[1]
Routes remained substantially unchanged after 1926. However, many additional sidings were subsequently opened and station yards expanded; and in later years many sidings closed and significant infrastructure and industry changes directly affected the railway. Government policy was to provide sidings at about 8 km (5 mi) intervals along all railways in wheat-growing areas.[2] Surveys for new lines made provision for such sidings, with land reserved at appropriate locations, but some were not built and remained simply as aberrations in the boundaries of railway land. Subsequent extensions were often at about 10 km (6 mi) intervals until mass siding closures occurred from the mid-1980s, when about 24 km (15 mi) became the norm.[1]
The most common arrangement for sidings was a single passing siding. Facilities generally consisted of little more than a corrugated iron shelter, a nameboard and (not always) an earth-built goods loading ramp. Occasionally a hand-operated crane could be found. Larger stations rated a timber station building, and a few had a corrugated iron goods shed. Watering facilities bore little relationship to the importance of the siding; rather, they reflected the necessity for water at regular intervals along the line. Multiple water tanks and huge catchment roofs were often the major fixed infrastructure at otherwise minor localities.[1]
Shelters were for passengers and "take-out" items that ranged from parcels to large consignments (less-than-car load). After general freight services ceased and unit train working was introduced, in the early 1980s, a major program of siding extensions took place, during which the shelters were removed, leaving only a sign on a post visible to locomotive crews.[1]
No station has been open on Eyre Peninsula since passenger services ceased on 30 August 1968.[1] Buildings on wheat-traffic lines outside of Port Lincoln that had been used by Genesee & Wyoming Australia (GWA), such as employee sleeping barracks, were vacated when the company ceased operating bulk-wheat unit trains in May 2019.
No stations exist on the only operating remnant of the narrow-gauge system on the peninsula – the 67 km (42 mi) line from the gypsum mine at the uninhabited locality of Kevin, by Lake MacDonnell, to the port of Thevenard However, the timber building that served as the SAR's Thevenard station before 1968 remains in use by Aurizon, which has operated the line since 2022, as an office.
See main article: Lake MacDonnell. At the minesite at Kevin, gypsum is mined using bulldozers and excavation equipment. It is retained for several years, in stockpiles about 500 metres (550 yards) long, to allow rainfall to leach out salt. Front-end loaders then dump the gypsum into bulk hopper cars from the side. Unloading is at a large shipping terminal at Cape Thevenard, adjoining the town of Ceduna.
The railway network on Eyre Peninsula before 1930 was built with a single purpose in mind: the movement of grain to the coast. All but one of the public sidings that were open before 1950 was used for bagged grain shipment.[1]
In early days, moving grain from farm to the end-use customer had been time-consuming and expensive. Grain was collected into jute bags straight from the header and loaded on to a horse and cart, or train, for storage until it was possible to transport it to a port to be exported. The floor comprised pine or mallee logs known as dunnage. Large amounts of grain were lost through spillage and a lack of effective hygiene and pest control measures. Later, curtained grain stacks with low sheet steel "mouse-proof" walls, corrugated iron roofing and hessian curtains for protection from the rain largely solved the mouse problem but each and every bag had to be lifted at each stage by manual labour.[1] Bulk handling of grain was introduced to South Australia later than in other states: in 1955, a year after it had lobbied the South Australian Government and presented a draft Bill, the South Australian Wheat and Woolgrowers' Association purchased its first silo;[3] the first silo on Eyre Peninsula was opened in 1958.[4]
Despite the huge improvement brought about by bulk handling, conventional outloading equipment at the country silos on Eyre Peninsula only filled rail wagons at up to about 200 tonnes per hour. In 2003, a mobile fast loader was developed to fill rail wagons at 1000 tonnes per hour, allowing a full-length train to be loaded at one location in a couple of hours.[1]
The table shows the 17 grain silos on Eyre Peninsula serviced by rail at the time rail haulage ceased in May 2019. Their owner, Viterra, a trading entity of Glencore, announced two months later that three of them – at Waddikee, Kielpa, and Wharminda – would not be operating in 2019–2020.[5]
Eyre Peninsula silos served by rail before 2019[6] | ||
|---|---|---|
Wudinna to Cummins | Kimba to Cummins | Cummins to Port Lincoln |
| Wudinna -33.0489°N 135.461°W | Kimba -33.1395°N 136.4226°W | Cummins -34.2684°N 135.7252°W |
| Kyancutta -33.1348°N 135.5554°W | Waddikee -33.315°N 136.255°W | Edillilie -34.4139°N 135.7075°W |
| Warramboo -33.2446°N 135.5984°W | Darke Peak -33.4704°N 136.1983°W | Port Lincoln (shipping terminal silos) -34.7226°N 135.8702°W |
| Lock -33.5673°N 135.7581°W | Kielpa -33.5869°N 136.2234°W | |
| Murdinga -33.7237°N 135.7083°W | Rudall -33.6897°N 136.2723°W | |
| Tooligie -33.8597°N 135.7036°W | Wharminda -33.954°N 136.2456°W | |
| Yeelanna -34.1415°N 135.729°W | Ungarra -33.1788°N 136.0473°W | |