Glossary of rail transport terms explained

Rail transport terms are a form of technical terminology applied to railways. Although many terms are uniform across different nations and companies, they are by no means universal, with differences often originating from parallel development of rail transport systems in different parts of the world, and in the national origins of the engineers and managers who built the inaugural rail infrastructure. An example is the term railroad, used (but not exclusively) in North America, and railway, generally used in English-speaking countries outside North America and by the International Union of Railways. In English-speaking countries outside the United Kingdom, a mixture of US and UK terms may exist.[1]

The abbreviation "UIC" refers to terminology adopted by the International Union of Railways in its official publications and thesaurus.[2]

H

Harmonic rock or harmonic rock and roll
  • The condition of locomotives and cars swaying in opposite directions when traversing depressions on the roadbed. A potentially dangerous condition that can cause coupler damage, lading damage, or derailments at slower speeds.[3] [4]
    Head-End Power
  • A scheme whereby the locomotive engine or a separate generator provides hotel power to carriages[5]
    Headboard
  • A sign attached to a locomotive to identify a named train or charter, or for other special occasions[6]
    Headstock
  • A transverse structural member located at the extreme end of a rail vehicle's underframe. The headstock supports the coupling at that end of the vehicle, and may also support buffers, in which case it may also be known as a "buffer beam".[7]
    Heavy haul
  • Heavy freight operations[8] [9] [10]
    High rail
  • The upper rail in a curve or superelevation, which typically experiences higher lateral loads and greater wear
    Hole
  • A passing siding. Inferior trains "lay over in the hole" to let superior ones pass.[11]
    Home signal
  • See absolute signal.
    Horn blocks
  • Plates lining the axlebox cut-outs in a locomotive frame to allow smooth vertical movement under control of the springs[12] [13]
    Hostling
  • The action of shuttling a locomotive from the yard to the engine house or vice versa[14]
    Hotbox
  • An axle bearing that has become excessively hot due to friction[15] [16]
    Hotbox detector
  • A device attached to the track that monitors passing trains for hot axles, and reports results via radio transmission (typical in the US) or a circuit to the signal box (typical in the UK). See defect detector.
    Hudson type
  • A steam locomotive with a 4-6-4 wheel arrangement[17]
    Hump
  • A raised section in a rail sorting yard that allows operators to use gravity to move freight railcars into the proper position within the yard when making up trains of cars. This is faster and requires less effort than moving cars with a switching engine.
    Hunting
  • Swaying motion of a railway vehicle or bogie caused by the coning action on which the directional stability of an adhesion railway depends. The truck or bogie wanders from side to side between the rails, "hunting" for the optimum location based on the forces at play.

    I

    Independent brake or locomotive brake
  • The braking system that applies or releases the brakes of a locomotive independently from its train[18] [19]
    Infill station or in-fill station
  • A train station built on an existing passenger line to address demand in a location between existing stations
    Injector
  • A device to force water into a steam locomotive's boiler by steam pressure[20]
    Insulated rail joint (IRJ) or insulated block joint (IBJ)
  • Rail joints incorporating insulation to isolate individual track circuits[21] [22]
    Interchange
  • Any track or yard where rail cars are transferred from one carrier to another[23] [24]
    Interlocking
  • An arrangement of switches and signals interconnected in a way that each movement follows the other in a proper and safe sequence[25]
    Intermodal freight transport
  • Moving goods by more than one type of vehicle, often achieved using shipping containers that are transferred among railroad flatcars, ships, airplanes, and tractor-trailer trucks
    Intermodal passenger transport
  • Moving people by more than one type of vehicle
    Interoperability
  • Ability of a transport network to operate trains and infrastructures to provide, accept and use services so exchanged without any substantial change in functionality or performance[26]
    Island platform
  • A railway platform that has tracks along the full lengths of both sides

    J

    Jacobs Bogie
  • A Bogie, or truck (American), shared between two pieces of rolling stock. Cars joined with Jacobs bogies are semi-permanently joined in an articulated configuration. A weight-saving feature used on lightweight passenger trains.
    Joint bar or rail joiner
  • A metal plate that joins the ends of rails in jointed track[27]
    Jointed track
  • Track in which the rails are laid in lengths of around 20 m and bolted to each other end-to-end by means of fishplates or joint bars[28]
    Journal bearing
  • A bearing without rolling elements; a plain bearing[29]
    Journal box
  • The housing of a journal bearing.[30] See also Axlebox above.
    Jubilee type
  • A steam locomotive with a 4-4-4 wheel arrangement[31]
    Junction
  • A point at which two lines or separate routes diverge from each other

    K

    Keeper
  • A padlock or hook securing the lever of a hand-operated switch, thereby preventing the switch points from moving as rolling stock passes over them[32] [33]
    Kick
  • To shove a car a short distance and uncouple it in motion, allowing it to roll free under gravity and/or its own inertia onto a track. Commonly practiced in bowl or hump yards to make up or break down trains or classify large numbers of cars in an expedient fashion. Differs from a flying switch in that the locomotive is pushing the car rather than pulling it when the cut is made.[34]
    Kicker
  • A freight car with a defect in its brake valve that causes the entire train's brake system to go into emergency when any application is made[35]
    Kinematic envelope (KE)
  • The outline of the space beside and above the track that must be kept clear of obstructions for the train to pass. This can be larger than the static clearance around an unmoving engine or car.[36] See also: loading gauge and structure gauge
    Knuckle
  • The articulating part of a coupler that locks automatically in its closed position to join rail cars; so named because its movement resembles that of the human finger[37]

    L

    Lead track
  • A non-main track from which several others branch within a short distance, such as within a rail yard or engine terminal[38]
    Level crossing (LC), railroad crossing, railway crossing, train crossing, or grade crossing
  • A crossing on one level ("at-grade intersection")—without recourse to a bridge or tunnel—generally of a railway line by a road or path. Not to be confused with non-dead-end railways (see Rail crossing)
    Light engine
  • A locomotive travelling on its own, or perhaps with just a caboose (brake van) attached[39]
    Light rail
  • A city-based rail system based on tram design standards that operates mostly in private rights-of-way separated from other traffic but sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic in city streets.[40] Light rail vehicles (LRVs) generally have a top speed of around 55mph though mostly operating at much lower speeds, more akin to road vehicles. Light rail vehicles usually run on trackage that weighs less per foot (due to a smaller track profile) than the tracks used for main-line freight trains; thus they are "light rail" due to the smaller rails usually used.
    Link and pin
  • An obsolete method of coupling rail cars, consisting of manually dropping the coupling pin into the drawbar as the cars joined. Extremely hazardous to the brakemen of its day, it was outlawed in the United States by the Railroad Safety Appliance Act of 1893.
    Local train
  • A train that stops at most, if not all, stations along its route[41]
    Lunar
  • An off-white color of railway signal light, like the Moon, achieved by the use of a clear lens of very light blue, to make it distinct from a light that has a broken lens.[42] [43]

    M

    Maglev
  • A system of high speed train transportation that uses two sets of magnets: one set to repel and push the train up off the track, and another set to move the elevated train ahead, taking advantage of the lack of friction.
    Main generator
  • The electric generator in a diesel-electric locomotive that is coupled directly to the prime mover and feeds electrical energy to the traction motors[44]
    Main reservoir
  • The compressed-air tank of a locomotive containing source air for the brakes and other pneumatic appliances[45]
    Mallet
  • A type of compound articulated locomotive designed by the Swiss mechanical engineer Anatole Mallet (pronounced "mallay").[46] [47] See Compound engine.
    Manifest
  • An express freight train carrying a variety of general merchandise[48] [49]
    Mars Light
  • A nose-mounted mechanically oscillated light used to warn traffic of an approaching locomotive. Functionally replaced by ditch lights on modern locomotives.
    Mechanical semaphore signal
  • A signal in which the aspect is conveyed by moving an arm[50] [51]
    Meet
  • In rail transport operations, a meet occurs when two trains arrive at a location and pass each other on parallel tracks, such as on a siding, usually in opposing directions.[52] [53] This is also sometimes referred to as a crossing of two trains.[54]
    Mikado type
  • A steam locomotive with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement[55]
    In the U.S., milk trains ran from the countryside to cities making numerous stops at minor depots to pick up cans of fresh milk, making them a colloquial expression for a very slow train.
  • In the U. K., an aggregator for transporting milk from farms to dairies, such as British Railways Milk Trains; as these trains invariably ran very early in the morning, "milk train" became a colloquialism for a particularly early train.[56] [57] [58]
    Modalohr
  • An inter-modal car
    Mogul type
  • A steam locomotive with a 2-6-0 wheel arrangement[59]
    Mothballed
  • A track that is still serviceable but no trains are running on them.[60] [61]
    Mountain type
  • A steam locomotive with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement[62]
    Mud ring
  • The bottom of the water space surrounding a steam locomotive's firebox that collects solids precipitating from the water supply during the boiling process[63]
    Multiple aspect signalling
  • A system of colour-light signalling in which signals may show three or four aspects[64]
    Multiple unit (MU)
  • A self-propelled rail vehicle that can be joined with compatible others and controlled from a single driving station. The sub-classes of this type of vehicle; Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU), Diesel-Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) and Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) are more common terms. These may also be termed railcars.
    Multiple-unit train control
  • The control of multiple locomotives or MUs from a single set of controls.

    N

    Narrow gauge
  • Railroad track where the rails are spaced less than apart,[65]
    Northern type
  • A steam locomotive with a 4-8-4 wheel arrangement, also known in North America as "Pocono", "Niagara", "Confederation", "Greenbrier", and "Potomac"[17] [66]
    or run 8
  • The eighth notch of a locomotive throttle control, indicating full power on the standard American diesel locomotive control scheme[67] [68]

    O

    Open wagon (UIC)
  • A form of freight hauling car for bulk goods[69]
    Out to foul
  • When equipment is placed ahead of the fouling point of a switch turnout

    P

    Pacific type
  • A steam locomotive with a 4-6-2 wheel arrangement[70]
    Pannier tank
  • A tank locomotive where the water tanks are mounted on the boiler in pannier-like fashion
    Pantograph
  • An apparatus mounted on the roof of a rail vehicle to allow the collection of electric current from overhead lines[71] [72]
    Paperwork
  • As a reason for delays, written instructions conveyed to a train's engineer in which the train must proceed slower than its normal speed. These instructions are either handed to the crew or recited and read back over radio.[73]
    Pennsy
  • Abbreviation for the former Pennsylvania Railroad[74]
    Per diem (pronounced by some U.S. railroaders per die-um, not per dee-um)
  • A fee paid by a rail company to the owner of a car (or wagon) for the time it spends on the company's property[75]
  • An authorized living expense payment for some workers forced away from their home terminal[76]
    Permissive signal
  • A block signal whose most restrictive indication is stop and proceed. A permissive signal is identified by the presence of a number plate affixed to the mast or supporting structure. Proceeding beyond a permissive signal at stop is allowed at restricted speed if operating conditions enable a train operator to stop before reaching any train or obstruction.[77] [78] [79]
    Pilot
  • A deflective shield affixed to the front of a locomotive to protect its wheels from on-track debris; archaically called a "cowcatcher"[80] See also: Pilot (locomotive attachment)
  • An employee qualified on the operating rules and physical characteristics of a certain section of the railroad, assisting a crew member who is not so qualified[81] [82] See also: Railroad engineer
    Pilot engine
  • The leading locomotive during a double-heading operation[83]
  • An unattached locomotive driven a specified distance in front of a special train[84] [85]
    Pilot man
  • Where it is necessary to temporarily work a section of line as single track (for instance if the other track of a double-track line is out of use), a person (the pilot man) acts as the single track token.
    Piston
  • The moving component in the cylinder of a steam engine or internal combustion engine that translates into motion the force exerted by pressurised steam or quickly-burning fuel[86]
    Piston travel
  • A specified distance that a brake piston may move from its cylinder to the brake rigging. If the travel exceeds or falls short of this distance, the equipment must be set out for repair.[87]
    Platform screen doors
  • Infrastructure used to separate the platform from train tracks.
    Pony truck
  • A two-wheel truck or bogie at the front of a locomotive[88]
    Porch
  • The extended walkway at either end of a U.S. locomotive[89]
    Porter
  • An employee who performs or performed (the role has now largely become obsolete) various physical duties, chiefly but not exclusively involving lifting. Various types of porter include:
    Portion working
  • The practice of coupling two or more passenger trains together over common sections of their respective routes, but otherwise operating the trains separately[90] [91]
    Position light signal
  • A block signal in which the relative position of the lights determines the meaning
    Positive train control (PTC)
  • An American system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements with the aim of increasing operational safety
    Possession
  • In Britain, a period of time when one or more tracks are closed for maintenance. For the duration of the work, a person in charge of possession (PICOP) has control of the line. When work is complete the possession is relinquished and control of the line handed back to the signaller.[92]
    Pound
  • The weight (and thus the cross section) of a length of rail. A heavier rail can carry heavier loads with less distortion and less damage to the rails themselves and the roadbed.
    Power
  • A locomotive or group of connected (MU'd) locomotives serving as the motive power for a train
    Power braking
  • Pulling against the train brakes at the higher end of the locomotive's power output (e.g. notches five through eight on a conventional throttle). This is considered wasteful of fuel and brake shoes, and is therefore discouraged by most operating departments.[93] [94]
    Prairie type
  • A steam locomotive with a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement[95]
    Prime mover
  • The internal combustion engine of a diesel locomotive
    Pull apart
  • A rail broken from cold-related contraction[96] [97]
    Push pole
  • A pole about 12feet long and having a diameter of 5inches and used in the United States between 1870 and the mid-1960s to push a freight car onto or off a siding or onto another track by being placed between a locomotive (on an adjacent track) and the freight car. The two ends of the poles were placed in receptacles called push pole pockets.[98] The practice of using a push pole for switching was called "poling".[99]
    Push–pull train
  • A configuration for locomotive-hauled trains, allowing them to be driven from either end of the train, whether having a locomotive at each end or not. See also: Auto train. See Top and tail for train with locomotives at both front and back.

    R

    Rack railway, rack-and-pinion railway, or cog railway
  • A steep-grade railway with a toothed rack rail (usually between the running rails), used when adhesion is insufficient
    Railbus
  • A passenger rail vehicle (typically non-articulated or rigid frame) that derived from bus propulsion and construction technology, but may evolve into larger dimensions, performance, and characteristics similar in appearance to a light DMU railcar
    Railcar
  • A powered single unit or articulated passenger car, usually "railroad-derived" light DMU or EMU, with a driver's cab at one or both ends
    Rail crossing
  • The opposite of a dead-end rail, i.e. a line connecting locations accessed by other railways, often associated with the overcoming of natural obstacles, such as mountain ranges.[100] Not to be confused with a railway crossing a road (see Level crossing)
    Railfan
  • A hobbyist or enthusiast of trains
    Rail grinder
  • A machine used to remove irregularities in the surface of the rails that may be self-powered or part of a consist
    Rail profile
  • The cross section shape of rail. There are many rail profiles, often specific to individual railroads. Rails must be periodically scanned electronically, the data inspected and analysed, then re-profiled with rail grinding machines to maintain the safe and proper rail profile. Rails that cannot be brought back to the proper rail profile are condemned and replaced.
    Rail squeal
  • A screeching train-track friction sound, most commonly occurring on sharp curves or heavy braking[101]
    Rail tractor
  • A small petrol (gas) or diesel shunting (switcher) locomotive
    Railroad car
  • Any railroad vehicle other than a locomotive
    Railroadiana
  • Artifacts of railways around the world
    , railroad line, rail line, or train line
  • A railway route connecting two or more places or other railway routes[102]
  • A railway route constructed by an organization, usually one formed for that purpose[103] [104]
  • A railway route that has an official name (notably bestowed by engineers line references in the UK)[105]
  • A set of railway routes that are bundled for publicity purposes (e.g. a UK train operating company)[106] [107]
    Railway station
  • A train station, a stopping point for trains, usually with passenger access
    Railway terminal
  • A building for passengers at the end of a railway line
    Red
  • A colour generally associated with stop, when shown by signals or flags
    Red zone
  • The area between, under, or within a few feet of cars and locomotives. To enter the zone, a ground employee must obtain protection from the locomotive engineer (if a locomotive is coupled) or a blue signal (if no locomotive is coupled).[108] [109] [110]
    Reefer
  • A refrigerated railcar, used to transport perishable goods[111]
    A siding used as a passing place on a main line, where slow trains may be held whilst an express passes—a simpler, but less convenient, form of the passing loop
  • Reporting mark
  • A two- to four-letter code, assigned by the Association of American Railroads, that is applied to equipment operating on North American railroads to identify the owner[112] [113] [114]
    Rerail frog or rerailer
  • A metal casting incorporating a slot that allows the casting to fit over the rail near the wheel of a derailed car. The locomotive then pushes or pulls the car so that the derailed wheel runs up the rerailer and back on to the track.[115]
    Retarder
  • A device installed in a classification yard used to reduce the speed of freight cars as they are sorted into consists[116]
    Reverser or reverser handle
  • The handle that controls the directional control on a locomotive. See also Cut off.
    Ribbon rail
  • Continuously welded rail
    Right-side failure
  • A failure in a signalling or other safety critical system that leaves the system in a safe condition[117]
    Roadrailer
  • A highway trailer, or semi-trailer, that is specially equipped for direct use on a railroad
    Rolling stock
  • In UK parlance, any railway vehicle that is not capable of moving under its own power[118]
  • In US parlance, any railroad car or locomotive[119] [120]
    Rookie
  • See Trainee.
    Rotary
  • Short for rotary snowplow, an extreme-duty railroad snowplow used mainly in the mountain ranges of the American West[121]
    Roundhouse
  • A circular or semi-circular structure used for storage and running maintenance of locomotives
    , punch box, or train-identification pushbuttons (New York City Subway)
  • A box or panel adjacent to a rail line at an interlocking, with several buttons for train operators to select a desired route, which is then either communicated to a signal tower where an operator fulfills the request, or switched automatically[122] [123]
    Ruling gradient
  • The longest or steepest grade on a division, thus setting the standard for track speeds, locomotive tonnage ratings, and train handling instructions[124]
    Run
  • The action verb for the train's movement. The train runs across the track.
    Runaway
  • A heavy train that has lost speed control while descending a steep grade, due to either brake failure or poor preparation by the crew[125]
    Running track
  • An other-than-main track, typically providing access to a yard or industry and governed by the requirements of restricted speed[126]
    Run-round
  • The practice of detaching a locomotive from its train, driving it to the other end of the train and re-attaching it, to allow the train to proceed in the direction it has just come from (e.g. when it reaches its destination and forms a service in the other direction).[127]
    Run-through power
  • Locomotives that remain attached to a manifest or unit train from their home rails over the tracks of a receiving railroad until the train reaches its final destination[128]

    S

    Saddle tank
  • A tank locomotive with the water tank mounted on top of the boiler like a saddle[129]
    Safe place
  • An area within the network of an operator where evacuation of passengers can be performed, depending on current operational conditions, with a minimum of risk to the passengers (e.g. stations, refuges on the line)[130]
    Safeworking
  • In Australia, the system of rules and equipment designed to ensure the safe operation of trains[131]
    Sandbox
  • A container on locomotives and self-propelled multiple units, or trams, that run on tramways and adhesion railways. The container holds sand, which a crew can drop onto the rail to improve rail adhesion under wet, steep, or slippery rail conditions. The sandbox and operating mechanism are collectively known as sanding gear.
    Sandite
  • Consists of a mixture of sand, aluminium, and a unique type of adhesive, used instead of plain sand for extreme slippery rail conditions
    Santa Fe type
  • A steam locomotive with a 2-10-2 wheel arrangement, named for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway—the first railroad to use such a configuration[132] [133]
    Saturated locomotive
  • A steam locomotive not equipped with a superheater; the steam thus remains at the same temperature as the water in the boiler[134]
    Scale
  • Solid debris distilled from boiling water in a steam locomotive. To prevent corrosion damage from scale build-up, the locomotive must undergo a boiler wash once each operating month.[135]
    Schnabel car
  • A specialized type of freight car for extra heavy and oversized loads where the car is loaded in such a way that the load forms part of the car superstructure[136]
    Searchlight
  • A signal with a single light source usually capable of displaying three different colors. An internal mechanism governs the color displayed.
    Section
  • A portion of a train that may be operated independently or combined with other sections to operate as a single unit[137]
  • A portion of railway line designated for signalling or maintenance[138] [139]
  • An interior portion of a sleeping car made up of two double seats during daytime that convert to two double berths during night-time[140]
    Semaphore signal
  • A type of signal that has a moving arm to change the indication
    Shay locomotive
  • A type of geared steam locomotive built to the patents of Ephraim Shay
    Shunt
  • In UK and Australian parlance, to make up and divide trains in sidings, to move trains to or from sidings, or to move trains between platforms in a station[141]
    Shoofly
  • Temporary track used to avoid an obstacle that blocks movement on the normal track section
    Shuttle train
  • A train, usually a passenger service, that runs back and forth, usually over a relatively short distance, such as between a junction station and a branch-line terminus.
    Side tank
  • A tank locomotive with water tanks mounted each side of the boiler
    Siding
  • A section of track off the main line. Sidings are often used for storing rolling stock or freight. A siding is also used as a form of rail access for warehouses and other businesses, where the siding often meets up with loading docks at rail car height. In the U.S. the term also covers the British term loop. Also, a passing track in the U.S.
    Signal
  • A device that indicates the condition of the line ahead to the driver of a train
    Signal box
  • A building or room that houses signal levers (usually in a frame), a control panel or a VDU-based control system
    Signal passed at danger
  • The British term for the event in which a train passes a signal to stop without authorization to do so[142]
    Signaller or signalman
  • A person in charge of the signalling at a station or junction, often in a signal box
    Slippery rail
  • The condition of fallen leaves or other debris lying on and clinging to a railroad track that could cause train wheel slippage, resulting in premature wheel wear and train delays
    Slow order
  • A local speed restriction below the track's normal speed limit often designated by yellow and green flags. Slow orders can be imposed on a temporary basis to protect, for example, maintenance of way employees while sections of track are under repair. Widely used in areas where track is substandard and in need of repair.
    Slug
  • A locomotive that contains traction motors yet lacks the diesel engine to create its own power, which is instead supplied by a connected mother locomotive
    Smokebox
  • An enclosed (normally cylindrical) space attached to the end of the boiler opposite the firebox on a steam locomotive (normally the front). Supports the stack; steam pipes to and from the cylinders pass through here; contains the blastpipe where the exhaust steam is used to provide draft for the fire. In superheated locomotives, also contains the superheater header and (optionally) a front-end throttle.
    Snowplow, snow plow, snowplough, or snow plough
  • A rail service vehicle used for snow removal from train tracks[143]
    Snow shed
  • A long shelter erected over a railroad track on the side of a mountain to protect the line from avalanches and drifting[144]
    Span bolster
  • The beam between two bogies
    Spike
  • A bolt, pin, or nail used to hold rails, or plates connected to the rails (known as tie plates), to sleepers (ties)
    Spiral easement
  • See Track transition curve. Also known as tangent lead-in.
    Spreader
  • Maintenance of way equipment designed to spread or shape ballast profiles, remove snow, clean and dig ditches as well as trim embankments
    Spur line
  • A very short branch line may be called a spur line.
    Self-propelled ultrasonic rail testing (SPURT) (India)
  • A self-propelled rail-defect detector car[145]
    Staff and ticket
  • The Australian term for a method of safeworking involving a token
    Standard gauge
  • A gauge where the rails are spaced apart—by far the most common gauge worldwide
    Station master
  • The person in charge of a station
    Steam generator
  • A device generally used in passenger trains to create steam for heating. The steam generator is usually in the locomotive but may also be located in other cars.
    Steam reverser
  • A reversing gear worked by a steam cylinder controlled from the cab
    Stop signal overrun
  • The American term for the event in which a train passes a signal to stop without authorization to do so
    Subdivision
  • In North America, the trackage area within a division covered by a single timetable[146]
    Supercharger
  • A mechanical device that boosts the pressure of engine intake air to above atmospheric level, causing an increase in power. Not to be confused with the blower used to scavenge the cylinders of a naturally aspirated two-stroke Diesel engine.
    Superelevation
  • Areas on curves where the outside rail is elevated higher than the inside rail, creating a banked curve, generally allowing higher speeds and more comfort for passengers (on passenger trains).
    Superheater
  • A device in a steam locomotive that raises the temperature of saturated steam substantially beyond the boiling point of water, increasing power and efficiency
    Survey
  • To determine the position of constructed objects, including rail infrastructure, in relation to the earth's surface. This is accomplished by measuring angles and distances based on the principles of triangulation.
    Surveyor
  • A person assigned to perform survey work
    Switchback or zig zag
  • A method of climbing and descending steep gradients, where shallow-gradient track reverses direction for a while, and then reverses again to continue in the original direction
    Switchman
  • A railroad worker responsible for assembling trains and switching railroad cars in a yard

    T

    Tamping machine
  • Generally, a locomotive used in track maintenance and equipped with track lifting facilities, and paddles that push ballast beneath a rail track to assure its level and cant
    Tank car
  • A type of rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities
    Tank locomotive or Tank engine
  • A steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks rather than in a separate tender.
    Team track
  • In North America, A spur or siding for loading freight, often used by firms not having their own direct rail access[147]
    Tender
  • A specialized rail car attached to a steam locomotive to carry its fuel and water supplies, sometimes along with tools and flagging equipment
    Terminal railroad (or terminal railway)
  • A company in the United States that owns no cars of its own and transports only the railroad cars of other companies around a specific terminal station[148]
    Texas type
  • A steam locomotive with a 2-10-4 wheel arrangement
    Third rail
  • An electrified rail that runs along the tracks, giving power to trains. Used mostly in subways and rapid transit systems.
    Through coach
  • A passenger coach that is disconnected from one train and attached to another before continuing on with its journey, thus avoiding the need for passengers themselves to switch trains[149]
    Through platform
  • The standard platform and track arrangement at a station. The train pulls alongside the platform, arriving from one end of the station, and may pass out the other end of the station by continuing along the same track[150]
    Tie plate
  • A plate bolted to sleepers to hold the rails in place
    Trailer on flat car (TOFC)
  • Intermodal freight transport
    Token
  • A physical object given to a locomotive driver to authorize use of a particular stretch of single track
    Track bed or trackbed
  • The foundation of rail tracks
    Track bulletin
  • In North America, a form used by railroad employees that shows the locations of slow orders, maintenance of way work locations, and other conditions affecting the track and movement of trains
    Track circuit
  • An electrical circuit that detects the presence of locomotives or cars (as their wheelsets electrically bond the rails) in a block of track, and provides real-time input to signaling logic
    Track transition curve
  • The gradual application of superelevation and tighter curve radius, calculated with reference to the anticipated line speed and the final curve radius, on the approach to a bend. Also known as the transition spiral and spiral easement.
    Track Warrant Control
  • Control of train movements by "track warrants" which are sets of instructions issued to a train crew authorizing specific train movements.
    Trackside objects
  • See Wayobjects.
    Traction current pylon
  • Traction motor
  • A large electric motor that powers the driving wheels of an electric or diesel-electric locomotive
    Tractive effort
  • The pulling or pushing force exerted by a locomotive or other vehicle
    Trailing
  • A turnout where both legs merge in the direction of travel—the opposite of facing
    Train bell
  • In North American practice, the warning bell on a locomotive or any autonomous railway vehicle
    Train coupler The mechanical interface that links vehicles so a driver can operate them together. The coupler can be a purely mechanical device such as a screw coupler or bar coupler. Alternatively the coupler can also incorporate electrical or pneumatic connections.[151]
  • Train horn
  • The warning horn in a locomotive or in a control car
    Trainman
  • In North America, an employee assigned to train service, such as a conductor, brakeman, or switchman
    Train inauguration
  • The automated process of train bus configuration that includes detecting all bus nodes and their orientation, assigning the numbers to particular bus nodes and collecting their properties.[152]
    Train operation and management
  • In Europe, the procedures and related equipment enabling a coherent operation of the different structural subsystem, both during normal and degraded operation, including in particular train driving, traffic planning and management[153]
    , terminal manager, or road manager
  • In North America, an employee who supervises operations over a given territory[154]
    Train order
  • The process whereby signallers or dispatchers can change the order or timing of trains to maximise overall train service performance in real time
    Train set
  • A toy train with its tracks, buildings, etc.[155]
    Trainset
  • A group of rolling stock that is permanently or semi-permanently coupled together to form a unified set of equipment. Trainsets are most often used in passenger train configurations.
    Tram
  • A city-based rail system that typically shares its operational space with other vehicles and often runs on, across, or down the center of city streets
    Tram-train
  • Trams that are designed to run both on the tracks of a city-based rail system and on the existing railway networks. Tram-trains' dual-voltage capability makes it possible to operate at lower speeds on city streets and at over 60mph on main line tracks allowing travel in an extended geographical area without changing the method of transport.
    Treadle A mechanical or electrical device for detecting the presence of a rail vehicle with pin-point accuracy, unlike a track circuit, which provides detection over an arbitrary distances
  • Turnout or points
  • A switch
    Turntable
  • A section of track that rotates to let locomotives and rolling stock turn around or access several engine maintenance sidings in a small area

    U

    Unit train
  • A train in which all cars (wagons) carry the same commodity and are shipped from the same origin to the same destination, without being split up or stored en route[156]
    Underbridge
  • In the parlance of rail transport in the United Kingdom, an 'underbridge' is a bridge that allows a roadway to cross the course of a railway line, in contrast to an overbridge, or overpass, that crosses the railway.

    V

    Vactrain
  • A proposed design for very-high-speed rail transportation.
    Vacuum brake
  • A continuous train brake that is fail-safe in operation. It is powered by a vacuum from the locomotive but the application is actually by atmospheric pressure when the vacuum is released. Primarily used historically in Britain and in countries influenced by British practice. Now largely superseded by the air brake.
    Valve gear
  • The linkage mechanism that operates the valve for a driving cylinder, to alternately admit steam to the cylinder and then exhaust it when the piston's stroke is nearly complete[157]

    See also

    Further reading

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. The Snowtown to Port Pirie Line . McAuliffe . Des . 1999 . Proceedings of the 1999 Convention . Adelaide . Modelling the Railways of South Australia . .
    2. Web site: Transport Thesaurus. https://web.archive.org/web/20150606032638/http://www.uic.org/spip.php?article1593. UIC.org. 1995. 6 June 2015. 20 May 2009.
    3. Book: Computer-Aided Simulation in Railway Dynamics. Rao V.. Dukkipati. Joseph R.. Amyot. 31. 0-8247-7787-5. 1988. Marcel Dekker, Inc.. New York.
    4. Book: Railroad Engineering. 1982. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. 0-471-36400-2. 664–666.
    5. Web site: Railroading Glossary: H. https://web.archive.org/web/20140821182340/http://trn.trains.com/Railroad%20Reference/Railroading%20Glossary.aspx?letter=H. Kalmbach Publishing. TRN.Trains.com. 20 February 2013. 21 August 2014.
    6. Book: Webb, Brian . The Deltic Locomotives of British Rail . 40 . . Newton Abbot . 0-7153-8110-5 . 1982.
    7. Web site: Glossary. Railway Technical Web Pages. 29 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220720/http://www.railway-technical.com/newglos.shtml#H. 7 October 2014.
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