Ragnall ua Ímair, King of Waterford explained
Ragnall ua Ímair, King of Waterford should not be confused with Ragnall ua Ímair.
Ragnall ua Ímair (died 1035),[1] also known as Ragnall mac Ragnaill,[2] was an eleventh-century King of Waterford. He appears to have ruled as king from 1022 to 1035, the year of his death.
Family
Ragnall seems to have been a descendant of Ímar, King of Waterford.[3] Ragnall's father may have been Ragnall mac Ímair, King of Waterford.[4] Such a relationship would indicate that the patronym ua Ímair—accorded to Ragnall by the Irish Annals that note his death—refers to Ragnall mac Ímair's father, the aforesaid Ímar.[5]
Reign and death
Very little is known of the Waterfordian kingship in the early eleventh century.[6] Ímar died in 1000.[7] His son, the aforesaid Ragnall mac Ímair, died as king in 1018.[8] Another son of Ímar, Sitriuc mac Ímair, King of Waterford was slain by the King of Osraige in 1022.[9] An apparent brother of Ragnall died in 1015.[10] Ragnall himself appears to have ruled Waterford from 1022 to 1035.[11] The seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters, the fourteenth-century Annals of Tigernach, and the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Ulster reveal that, in 1035, Ragnall was slain by Sitriuc mac Amlaíb, King of Dublin.[12]
The following year, Sitriuc mac Amlaíb was driven out of Dublin by Echmarcach mac Ragnaill.[13] Whilst the parentage of the latter is uncertain, if he was a related to Ragnall—perhaps as either a brother or son—it could mean that Echmarcach's actions against Sitriuc mac Amlaíb were undertaken in revenge for his death.[14] Against this possibility is the fact that there is no evidence that Echmarcach, or his known family, had any connection with Waterford.[15] Whatever the case, Ragnall's fall appears to have been an important benchmark in Waterford's history, and after this date the enclave increasingly fell prey to the machinations of the Uí Briain and the Uí Cheinnselaig.[16] In fact, two years after the killing, the King of Waterford was Cú Inmain ua Robann, an apparent Irishman.[17]
References
Primary sources
- Book: 1922 . Anderson . AO . Alan Orr Anderson . Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286 . 1 . Oliver and Boyd . London . 14712679M . A8 .
- Web site: Annals of Inisfallen . 2008 . . 23 October 2008 . . 6 September 2019 . A7 .
- Web site: Annals of Inisfallen . 2010 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 16 February 2010 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A6 .
- Web site: Annals of Loch Cé . 2005 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 13 April 2005 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A5 .
- Web site: Annals of Loch Cé . 2008 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 5 September 2008 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A4 .
- Web site: Annals of the Four Masters . 2013a . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 3 December 2013 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A3 .
- Web site: Annals of the Four Masters . 2013b . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 16 December 2013 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A2 .
- Web site: Annals of Tigernach . 2005 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 13 April 2005 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . A1 .
- Web site: n.d. . Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 488 . Early Manuscripts at Oxford University . . 5 March 2016 . B1 .
- Web site: n.d. . Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489 . Early Manuscripts at Oxford University . Oxford Digital Library . 13 February 2016 . B2 .
- Web site: Chronicon Scotorum . 2010 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 24 March 2010 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . C2 .
- Web site: Chronicon Scotorum . 2012 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 14 May 2012 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . C1 .
- Book: 1896 . Murphy . D . The Annals of Clonmacnoise . . Dublin . 7064857M . M2 .
- Web site: The Annals of Tigernach . 2016 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 8 February 2016 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . T3 .
- Web site: The Annals of Ulster . 2008 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 29 August 2008 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . T2 .
- Web site: The Annals of Ulster . 2017 . Corpus of Electronic Texts . 6 January 2017 . University College Cork . 6 September 2019 . T1 .
Secondary sources
- Book: Connon, A . 2005 . Sitriuc Silkenbeard . Duffy . S . Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia . limited . . New York . 429–430 . 0-415-94052-4 . C3 .
- Book: Downham, C . 2007 . Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014 . . Edinburgh . 978-1-903765-89-0 . D3 .
- Book: Downham, C . 2013 . The Historical Importance of Viking-Age Waterford . No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-Age . Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies . . Aberdeen . 129–155 . 2051-6509 . 978-0-9557720-1-6 . D1 .
- Duffy . S . 1992 . Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171 . . 43 . 93–133 . 0332-0758 . 2009-0056 . 30007421 . D2 .
- Book: Duffy, S . 2006 . The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century . Duffy . S . Medieval Dublin . 7 . . Dublin . 51–65 . 1-85182-974-1 . D4 .
- Etchingham . C . 2001 . North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking Zone . . 15 . 145–187 . 2034-6506 . 0332-1592 . 10.1484/J.Peri.3.434 . E1 .
- Book: Forte . A . Oram . RD . Richard Oram . Pedersen . F . 2005 . Viking Empires . . Cambridge . 978-0-521-82992-2 . F1 .
- Book: Halpin . A . Newman . C . 2006 . Ireland: An Oxford Archaeological Guide to Sites From Earliest Times to AD 1600 . Oxford Archaeological Guides . . Oxford . 978-0-19-280671-0 . H1 .
- Book: Harbison, P . Peter Harbison . 1992 . 1970 . Guide to National and Historic Monuments of Ireland . registration . . Dublin . 0-7171-1956-4 . 1146353M . H4 .
- Book: Herron, T . 2006 . Plucking the Perrot: Muiopotmos and Irish Politics . 80–118 . Lethbridge . JB . Edmund Spenser: New and Renewed Directions . . Madison, NJ . 0-8386-4066-4 . H2 .
- Hudson . BT . Benjamin Hudson . 1992 . Cnut and the Scottish Kings . . 107 . 423 . 350–360 . 10.1093/ehr/CVII.423.350 . 0013-8266 . 1477-4534 . 575068 . H6 .
- Book: Hudson, BT . Benjamin Hudson . 2005 . Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 978-0-19-516237-0 . H5 .
- Hurley . M . Waterford's Viking Footprint . 2011 . Irish Arts Review . 28 . 3 . 97–98 . 1649-217X . 23049505 . H3 .
- Jaski . B . 1997 . Additional Notes to the Annals of Ulster . Ériu . 48 . 103–152 . 0332-0758 . 2009-0056 . 30007959 . J1 .
- Mc Dermott . G . 2010 . Hiberno-Norse Town Defences in Viking Age Ireland . MA . . M1 .
- Book: Wilson, A . 2014 . Birkett . T . Lee . C . The Vikings in Munster . Languages, Myths and Finds . Centre for the Study of the Viking Age, University of Nottingham . 9780853583004 . 20–32 . W1 .
Notes and References
- [#D3|Downham (2007)]
- [#F1|Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)]
- [#D3|Downham (2007)]
- [#D3|Downham (2007)]
- [#T1|''The Annals of Ulster'' (2017)]
- [#E1|Etchingham (2001)]
- [#T1|''The Annals of Ulster'' (2017)]
- [#A6|''Annals of Inisfallen'' (2010)]
- [#T1|''The Annals of Ulster'' (2017)]
- [#A3|''Annals of the Four Masters'' (2013a)]
- [#H5|Hudson, BT (2005)]
- [#T1|''The Annals of Ulster'' (2017)]
- [#F1|Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)]
- [#C3|Connon (2005)]
- [#H5|Hudson, BT (2005)]
- [#D1|Downham (2013)]
- [#T1|''The Annals of Ulster'' (2017)]