Raffaello Baldini Explained

Raffaello Baldini
Birth Date:24 November 1924
Birth Place:Santarcangelo di Romagna, Emilia-Romagna, Kingdom of Italy
Death Place:Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Occupation:Poet
Alma Mater:University of Bologna
Language:Romagnol, Italian

Raffaello "Lello" Baldini (24 November 1924 – 28 March 2005),[1] [2] was an Italian poet in the Romagnol language.[3]

Born in Santarcangelo di Romagna in 1924,[4] Baldini was part of the town's literary-artistic circle, which met in a bar owned by his parents, and associated with fellow poets Tonino Guerra and . After graduating from the University of Bologna in 1949, he spent some years teaching in local secondary schools, before moving to Milan in 1955, where he worked as a journalist for,, and then Panorama.

Baldini's first publication was Autotem (1967), a short comedy satirising fetishes for cars. (1976) was Baldini's first collection of poems written in Romagnol, and was followed by (1995), which won the Bagutta Prize,[5] [6] and Intercity (2000), which is considered among Baldini's best works.[7] [8] As well as poems, Baldini wrote several theatrical monologues, such as (1993), and (1998), which won the Viareggio Prize. Baldini's style is described as surreal,[9] [10] grotesque, or dramatic,[11] exploring the anxieties of the human condition through the monologues of ordinary people.

Baldini died in 2005. His works continue to be staged in theatres, and in 2018, Baldini was the subject of a documentary film by Silvio Soldini.

Early life and education

Baldini was born in Santarcangelo di Romagna on 24 November 1924.[12] In the immediate postwar period, the young poets from Santarcangelo gathered at the Caffè Trieste, on the Piazza delle Erbe, owned by Baldini's parents. These students rechristened the bar "the Circle of Wisdom" .[13] Others in the circle included Tonino Guerra,,,, Rina Macrelli, and other artists from the neighbouring countryside.

Baldini attended Rimini's classical lyceum. In July 1949,[14] he graduated in philosophy from the University of Bologna, with a thesis on Blaise Pascal's "open morality". He spent some years teaching literature in secondary schools in Santarcangelo, where he became headteacher of the town's middle school, and philosophy in Forlì. For some time, he taught Italian at a lyceum in Rennes.

Journalist career

Returning to Italy in 1955, Baldini moved to Milan to work as a writer and journalist at various newspapers. Between 1955 and 1960, he wrote for, followed by the between 1964 and 1969.

In 1968, Baldini began as a journalist in the Milanese news magazine Panorama, where he worked for twenty years,[15] first on religious affairs, then on cultural news. Baldini was editor of the magazine's cultural section.[16]

Writing career

His first publication and only novel, Autotem (1967), was a short comedy satirising fetishes for cars. Written in Italian, the book consists of twenty-nine fictitious letters to the editor of a magazine.

In 1976, Baldini financed the publication of , his first collection of poems written in Romagnol. The poems describe humanity as doomed to an irremediable solitude in failure.[17] It won the Gabbice Prize.

A further collection followed in (1982), which reflected on the paranoia that results from self-invented opponents. Baldini won the Bagutta Prize with (1995), which discussed an elderly couple with insomnia terrorised by knocking at their door. Intercity (2000), a collection of 34 poems describing a train journey, is considered among Baldini's best works, a reflection of modernity and the dissonance between town and countryside, principally explored through a train journey.

As well as poems, Baldini wrote several theatrical monologues in his later life, such as (1993), which was premiered at Ravenna's Teatro Comunale Alighieri in a performance by actor Ivano Marescotti, a friend of Baldini.[18] For Ravenna Teatro, a consortium of the city's theatres, Baldini wrote (1998), which narrated an agitated search for a building permit that would eventually not be used. The show was directed and adapted by, and won the Viareggio Prize. In the same year, Einaudi republished Baldini's,, and, a trilogy of Baldini's theatrical monologues. premiered at the Teatro Alighieri with Marescotti on 12 February 1998.

Baldini's final collection of works, , was published posthumously in 2008.[19]

Death and legacy

Baldini died in Milan on 28 March 2005.

Baldini's texts have been staged several times in theatres.[20] [21] In his lifetime, critic counted him among "the three or four most important poets in Italy". Marescotti, who performed several of his theatrical monologues,[22] said of Baldini:In 2015, an area by the Candiano Canal in Ravenna was named after Baldini. In 2018, Baldini was the subject of a documentary film by Silvio Soldini, entitled (Train of Words).[23] In 2019, and Ermanno Cavazzoni published an anthology of Baldini's poets with Italian translations.[24]

Style

Baldini's poetry has been described as surreal, grotesque, or dramatic, often starting from precise details or characters from everyday life, but exposing the characters to anguish and mockery. While concerning ordinary people, his poems reflect psychological or spiritual themes, and are often written as a monologue exploring a character's inner anxieties. In this sense, according to Gerardo Filiberto Dasi, the poems consider the human condition of "fragile creatures gripped by eternal questions". Baldini said that in his works "we laugh, but with pain". A further recurring theme in Baldini's work is solitude.

In a 1996 interview, Baldini said that he wrote in Romagnol because "you can't say everything, but you can say some things better than in Italian",[25] capturing the picturesque heritage of regional Italy. Baldini maintained: "There are things, people, situations, that happen in dialect". He believed that dialect "has no grammar, no syntax, no rules", requiring individual speakers and artists to craft their own.[26] Matched with the content of his poems, Romagnol reinforces Baldini's ironic commentary of modernity:[27] an obituary by reflected that Baldini "let Italian enter [into his monologues] in pieces, as an inexpressive, standardised, multimedia language".

Among Baldini's self-professed influences were Eugenio Montale, Heinrich von Kleist's Michael Kohlhass (1810), and Rainer Maria Rilke's The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge (1910).

Works

Novels

Collections of poetry

Theatrical monologues

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Dasi . Gerardo Filiberto . 2004 . In viaggio tra i ricordi, le sensazioni e i sentimenti . On a journey through memories, sensations, and sentiments . Ariminum . January–February 2004 . it-IT . . 41 . 13 February 2024.
  2. Web site: Giannini . Rita . 14 May 2022 . Mondaino, il teatro di Raffaello Baldini disegnato . Mondaino: The theatre designed by Raffaello Baldini . 16 February 2024 . Corriere Romagna . it-IT.
  3. News: Della Monica . Walter . 20 November 1993 . Un "Rossellini" della poesia . A "Rosselini" of poetry . 8 January 2024 . . it-IT.
  4. News: Beccaria . Gian Luigi . 30 March 2005 . Il mondo di Baldini, pieno di matti e lunatici . The world of Baldini, full of madmen and lunatics . 16 February 2024 . . 27 . it-IT.
  5. News: 4 December 1995 . Premio Bagutta a Baldini . Bagutta Prize for Baldini . 16 February 2024 . . 17 . it-IT.
  6. Web site: Ricci . Manuela . 1996 . Prima le cose delle parole. Intervista a Raffaello Baldini . First things first: Interview with Raffaello Baldini . 23 January 2024 . Patrimonio Culturale Emilia-Romagna . it-IT.
  7. Magnani . Aldo . 2008 . Nel labirinto della nevrosi . In the labyrinth of neurosis . Ariminum . May–June 2008 . it-IT . . 36–37 . 16 February 2024.
  8. Dasi . Gerardo Filiberto . 2005 . Artista della natura umana . Artists of human nature . Ariminum . May–June 2005 . it-IT . . 39 . 16 February 2024.
  9. Web site: Brandolini . Andrea . 19 April 2019 . A bordo di un "Treno di parole" per conoscere Raffaello Baldini . On board a "Train of words" to get to know Raffaello Baldini . 23 January 2024 . Birdmen Magazine . it-IT.
  10. News: Tesio . Giovanni . 25 October 2003 . Baldini, questo è il teatro dei folli . Baldini: This is the theatre of the mad . 16 February 2024 . . 4 . it-IT.
  11. Web site: 27 September 2007 . 'Carta Canta' di Raffaello Baldini . 'Carta Canta' by Raffaello Baldini . 23 January 2024 . I Teatri di Reggio Emilia . it-IT.
  12. Web site: 9 April 2015 . Testata del Candiano, il nome scelto è "Largo Raffaello Baldini" . Testata del Candiano: The name chosen is "Largo Raffaello Baldini" . 23 January 2024 . RavennaToday . it.
  13. News: Della Monica . Walter . 20 November 1993 . Un "Rossellini" della poesia . A "Rosselini" of poetry . 8 January 2024 . . it-IT.
  14. Web site: Zaghini . Paolo . 29 May 2017 . Quel Baldini sconosciuto che raccontava in uno splendido italiano . That unknown Baldini who spoke in splendid Italian . 23 January 2024 . Chiamami Città . it-IT.
  15. News: Tesio . Giovanni . 2 April 1998 . Raffaele Baldini: La felicità di vivere in un mondo strambo . Raffaele Baldini: The happiness of living in a strange world . 16 February 2024 . . 5 . it-IT.
  16. Web site: Colasanto . Lina . 16 April 2019 . Il film su Raffaello Baldini vince a Roma, è il miglior documentario dell'anno . 23 January 2024 . RiminiToday . it.
  17. Web site: Baldini, Raffaello . 23 January 2024 . . it.
  18. Web site: Fabbri . Lamberto . 30 March 2023 . Ciao caro amico mio, a s’avdè! . Bye, dear friend. See you again! . 23 January 2024 . . it-IT.
  19. Web site: 29 November 2023 . Teobaldi presenta 'La fondazione' di Raffaello Baldini . Teobaldi presents Raffaello Baldini's 'The foundation' . 23 January 2024 . . it-IT.
  20. Web site: 6 May 2022 . Il Teatrino di Raffaello Baldini ospite all’Arboreto . Raffaello Baldini's small theatre is guest at the Arboretum . 23 January 2024 . RiminiToday . it.
  21. Web site: 12 March 2014 . "Omaggio a Raffaello Baldini": Fabio De Luigi protagonista in "Insògni" . "Homage to Raffaello Baldini": Fabio De Luigi is the protagonist in "Insògni" . 23 January 2024 . RiminiToday . it.
  22. Web site: 11 April 2016 . Ivano Marescotti omaggia Lello Baldini in una tre giorni poetica . Ivano Marescotti pays homage to Lello Baldini in a poetic three days . 23 January 2024 . RiminiToday . it.
  23. Web site: Treno di parole . 23 January 2024 . Train of words . en-US.
  24. Web site: 5 March 2019 . Per imparare a conoscere il dialettale Baldini anche in lingua italiana . To learn the Baldini dialect also in Italian . 2024-02-16 . Corriere Romagna . it-IT.
  25. Cecchini . Adriano . 2008 . Luciano Luzzi . Ariminum . September–October 2008 . it-IT . . 46 . 16 February 2024.
  26. Web site: Giannini . Rita . 4 March 2014 . Nella lingua di Lello Baldini . In the language of Lello Baldini . 6 February 2024 . Corriere Romagna . it-IT.
  27. Web site: 19 November 2017 . Giovedì 16 Novembre 2017 - Prof. ROBERTO BALZANI: La Romagna tra Storia ed Identità . Thursday 16 November 2017 – Prof. ROBERTO BALZANI: Romagna between History and Identity . 16 February 2024 . . it-IT.
  28. Foschini . Sabrina . 2020 . Canzoniere . Songbook . Ariminum . September–October 2020 . it-IT . . 52 . 16 February 2024.
  29. Web site: Intercity - Raffaello Baldini . 23 January 2024 . Feltrinelli IBS . it.
  30. Web site: 9 May 2005 . Omaggio alla memoria di Raffaello Baldini . Homage to the memory of Raffaello Baldini . 23 January 2024 . Fondazione Collegio San Carlo . it-IT.