| Rafael Estrella Ureña | |
| Order: | Acting President of the Dominican Republic |
| Term Start1: | March 3, 1930 |
| Term End1: | August 16, 1930 |
| Predecessor1: | Horacio Vásquez |
| Successor1: | Rafael Leónidas Trujillo |
| Order2: | Vice President of the Dominican Republic |
| Term Start2: | August 16, 1930 |
| Term End2: | 1932 |
| Predecessor2: | José Dolores Alfonseca |
| Successor2: | Jacinto Bienvenido Peynado |
| Birth Date: | November 10, 1889 |
| Birth Place: | Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic |
| Nationality: | Dominican |
| Party: | Dominican Republican Party |
| Otherparty: | Liberal Reformist Party |
| Spouse: | Tomasina Martínez |
| Children: | 9 |
| Profession: | Lawyer and Politician |
| Blank1: | Ethnicity |
| Data1: | White Dominican |
Juan Rafael Estrella Ureña (born Santiago de los Caballeros, November 10, 1889 – May 25, 1945) was a Dominican politician and lawyer. He served as the last acting president of the Dominican Republic from March 3, 1930, until August 16, 1930, when he started to serve as the vice president under Rafael Leónidas Trujillo (he held the vice presidency until 1932).
Estrella Ureña was born on November 10, 1889, in Santiago de los Caballeros. His mother was Juana Antonia Ureña Estévez and his father was Juan Bautista Estrella Durán; he had 1 brother.[1] He later moved with his family to live in Santo Domingo, where he studied at the University of Santo Domingo. Estrella Ureña studied law, and during his college years he mixed with young fans of the doctrines of Puerto Rican independence advocate Eugenio María de Hostos, this made him change his thinking.
Under Eladio Victoria's administration, Estrella Ureña adamantly opposed, and felt dissatisfaction with the assassination of President Ramón Cáceres. He then planned to conspire against Victoria, and with others, he founded the "Partido Liberal Reformista" or "Liberal Reformist Party" which had its fundamental ideology in the ideas of Eugenio María de Hostos. He was eventually imprisoned.
On June 9, 1917, he married Tomasina Martínez Rodríguez (1904–1989) and fathered 9 children.
By 1924, Estrella Ureña fully supported Horacio Vásquez and heavily helped his presidential campaign. In 1925, he founded the Partido Republicano (Republican Party) and was appointed to the department of Justice and Public Instruction.Estrella conspired with the Chief of the Armed Forces, Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, and together, they cut a deal. In return for letting Estrella take power, Trujillo would be allowed to run for president in new sham elections. As the rebels marched toward Santo Domingo, Vásquez ordered Trujillo to suppress them. However, feigning "neutrality," Trujillo kept his men in barracks, allowing Estrella's rebels to take the capital virtually unopposed. On March 3, Estrella was proclaimed acting president with Trujillo confirmed as head of the police and the army. As per their agreement, Trujillo became the presidential nominee of the newly formed Patriotic Coalition of Citizens. Vásquez was forced to resign along with his deputy, Dr. José Dolores Alfonseca.In 1930, Trujillo won the presidential elections and designated Estrella as his vice-president. In 1932, Estrella resigned from the vice-presidency; some say that it was on the pretext that relations between Estrella and Trujillo had become strained.
He died on May 25, 1945, of a surgical procedure. It was rumored that Trujillo was the one who had hired the surgeon to ensure that Estrella was not to survive the operation. In response, Trujillo declared a state of mourning for three days.