Radio Free Asia Explained

Radio Free Asia
Abbreviation:RFA
Formation:[1]
Type:501(c)(3) organization
Tax Id:52-1968145
Purpose:Broadcast Media
Headquarters:Washington, D.C.
Languages:Burmese, Cantonese, English, Khmer, Korean, Lao, Mandarin, Tibetan, Uyghur, and Vietnamese
Owner:U.S. Agency for Global Media
Leader Title:President
Leader Name:Bay Fang[2]
Leader Title2:Executive Editor
Leader Name2:Min Mitchell[3]
Board Of Directors:Carolyn Bartholomew (Chair), Michael J. Green, Michael Kempner, Keith Richburg, Shanthi Kalathil, Allison Hooker
Parent Organization:U.S. Agency for Global Media
Num Staff:253[4]
Budget:$51.3 million (2023)

Radio Free Asia (RFA) is an American government-funded non-profit corporation operating a news service that broadcasts radio programs and publishes online news, information, and commentary for its audiences in Asia.[5] The service, which provides editorially independent reporting,[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] has the stated mission of providing accurate and uncensored reporting to countries in Asia that have poor media environments and limited protections for speech and press freedom[12] [13] [14] and "advancing the goals of United States foreign policy."[15]

Based on Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, and preceded by the CIA-operated Radio Free Asia (Committee for a Free Asia), it was established by the US International Broadcasting Act of 1994 with the stated aim of "promoting democratic values and human rights", and countering the narratives and monopoly on information distribution of the Chinese Communist Party, as well as providing media reports about the North Korean government.[16] It is funded and supervised by the U.S. Agency for Global Media[17] (formerly Broadcasting Board of Governors), an independent agency of the United States government.

RFA distributes content in ten Asian languages for audiences in Mainland China, Hong Kong, North Korea, Laos, Cambodia,[18] Vietnam and Myanmar.[19]

History

After the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, American interest in starting a government broadcasting organization grew.[20] A more concrete concept for such an organization aimed towards Asian countries was first presented by then-United States Senator from Delaware, Joe Biden, and later became a part of President Bill Clinton's platform during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] The International Broadcasting Act was passed by the Congress of the United States and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1994, officially establishing Radio Free Asia.[22]

Radio Free Asia was incorporated in March 1996, and began broadcasting in September 1996. Although RFA directors preferred to broadcast under the name "the Asia-Pacific Network", Republican representatives including Chris Smith and Jesse Helms insisted on returning the name to Radio Free Asia before broadcasting began, to which president Richard Richter complied. Radio Free Asia was forced to change the name in part due to financial pressures from the US government, for although they operated with an independent board, their initial $10 million dollar annual budget came from the Treasury.[23]

In 1997, the then US Deputy Secretary of State, Strobe Talbott, began talks with the government of Australia to purchase abandoned transmission facilities near Darwin, Northern Territory for the purpose of expanding RFA's signal to overcome jamming. Richter personally lobbied in Canberra to support this effort.[24] Although the Australian Government intended to sell the facilities to a foreign broadcaster, preference was given to the BBC over the fledgling RFA due to fears that such a sale would anger China, with Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Downer stating, "we are certainly not in the game of provocatively damaging our relations with China."[25]

In response to radio jamming efforts from China, Newt Gingrich and House Republican leaders helped to increase the budget of RFA and VOA, with further funding of RFA proposed as a way to combat China's political repression without levying trade restrictions that would anger American businesses.

With the passage of the International Broadcasting Act in 1994, RFA was brought under auspices of the United States Information Agency where it remained until the agency's cessation of broadcasting duties and transitioned to U.S. Department of State operated Broadcasting Board of Governors in 1999. In September 2009, the 111th Congress amended the International Broadcasting Act to allow a one-year extension of the operation of Radio Free Asia.[26]

RFA broadcasts in nine languages, via shortwave, satellite transmissions, medium-wave (AM and FM radio), and through the Internet. The first transmission was in Mandarin Chinese and it is RFA's most broadcast language at twelve hours per day. RFA also broadcasts in Cantonese, Tibetan (Kham, Amdo, and Uke dialects), Uyghur, Burmese, Vietnamese, Lao, Khmer (to Cambodia) and Korean (to North Korea). The Korean service launched in 1997 with Jaehoon Ahn as its founding director.[27] Broadcasts in Khmer to Cambodia that began under the country's communist regime continue despite the country no longer being communist.[28] In 2017, RFA and other networks, such as Voice of America, were put under the then newly created U.S. Agency for Global Media that also sends representatives to its board of directors.[29]

In January 2022, RFA announced that it had appointed Carolyn Bartholomew as the new chair of its board of directors.[30] [31] As of December 2023, its board members include: Michael J. Green, Michael Kempner, Keith Richburg, Shanthi Kalathil, and Allison Hooker.[32] RFA receives its funding through annual budget allocations from the U.S. Agency for Global Media.[33]

In March 2024, RFA announced the closure of its Hong Kong bureau, citing safety concerns from the enactment of the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance.[34]

List of presidents

!Name!Term
Richard "Dick" Richter1996–July 29, 2005[35] [36]
Libby LiuSeptember 2005[37] –November 2019[38]
Bay FangNovember 20, 2019–June 2020[39]
Stephen J. YatesDecember 2020[40] –January 22, 2021[41]
Bay FangJanuary 2021[42] –present

Radio jamming and Internet blocking

Since broadcasting began in 1996, Chinese authorities have consistently jammed RFA broadcasts.[43]

Three RFA reporters were denied access to China to cover U.S. President Bill Clinton's visit in June 1998. The Chinese embassy in Washington had initially granted visas to the three but revoked them shortly before President Clinton left Washington en route to Beijing. The White House and United States Department of State filed complaints with Chinese authorities over the matter but the reporters ultimately did not make the trip.[43] [44]

The Vietnamese-language broadcast signal was also jammed by the Vietnamese government from the beginning.[45] Human rights legislation has been proposed in Congress that would allocate money to counter the jamming.[46] Research by the OpenNet Initiative, a project that monitors Internet filtering by governments worldwide, showed that the Vietnamese-language portion of the Radio Free Asia website was blocked by both of the tested ISPs in Vietnam, while the English-language portion was blocked by one of the two ISPs.[47]

To address radio jamming and Internet blocking by the governments of the countries that it broadcasts to, the RFA website contains instruction on how to create anti-jamming antennas and information on web proxies.[48]

On March 30, 2010, China's domestic internet censor, known as the Great Firewall, temporarily blocked all Google searches in China, due to an unintentional association with the long-censored term "rfa".[49] According to Google, the letters, associated with Radio Free Asia, were appearing in the URLs of all Google searches, thereby triggering China's filter to block search results.[50]

Arrests of Uyghur journalists' relatives

In 2014–2015 China arrested three brothers of RFA Uyghur Service journalist Shohret Hoshur. Their jailing was widely described by Western publishers as Chinese authorities' efforts to target Hoshur for his reports on otherwise unreported violent events of the Xinjiang conflict.[51] [52] [53] [54] Much larger numbers of relatives of RFA's Uyghur-language staff have since been detained, including the family of Gulchehra Hoja.[55]

RFA is the only station outside China that broadcasts in the Uyghur language.[55] It has been recognized by journalists of The Atlantic, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Economist for playing a role in exposing Xinjiang internment camps.[56] [57] [58] In particular, The New York Times regards certain RFA articles as part of the few reliable sources of information about Xinjiang.[51]

Xinjiang internment camps

In 2018, after RFA journalist Hoja published an interview with an individual who had been detained in the Xinjiang internment camps, Chinese authorities detained approximately two dozen of Hoja's relatives.[59] [60] [61] Later that year, Chinese authorities forcibly disappeared two brothers and five cousins of an editor for RFA's Uyghur language service.[62] [63] [64]

National Review has reported that as of 2021, eight of Radio Free Asia's fifteen staff of Uyghur ethnicity have family members who are detained in the Xinjiang internment camps.

Mission

Radio Free Asia's functions, as listed in, are to:

  1. provide accurate and timely information, news, and commentary about events in Asia and elsewhere; and
  2. be a forum for a variety of opinions and voices from within Asian nations whose people do not fully enjoy freedom of expression.

Additionally, the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (Title III of), which authorized the creation of the RFA, contains the following paragraph:The RFA's mission statement is outlined on its website as follows:

Reception

In 1999, Catharin Dalpino of the Brookings Institution, a former assistant secretary deputy for human rights, called Radio Free Asia "a waste of money" and elaborated that she believed its goals had more to do with domestic political symbolism than with supporting democratic movements in Asia, stating that "Wherever we feel there is an ideological enemy, we're going to have a Radio Free Something." Dalpino said she had reviewed scripts of RFA's broadcasts and viewed the station's reporting as unbalanced due to focus on the testimony of dissidents in exile rather than the events occurring in the countries themselves.[65] [66] Lynne Weil, a director of communications and external affairs for the U.S. Agency for Global Media, has disputed descriptions of government-funded outlets as propaganda, referring to outlets such as BBC as examples of non-propagandist journalism funded by a government entity.[67] In 2001, Richter stated that congressional interference in the organization was minimal, saying that he "wanted to make sure we weren't just getting set up to be a kill-the-Commie organization."[68]

Monroe Price, director of the Center for Global Communication Studies, described RFA as "a modern iteration of Cold War use of the airwaves, emphasizing a turn from the traditional Cold War targets to new ones" and argued that the goals of RFA prove that the "instruments of international broadcasting are a reflection of the priorities and internal politics of the sending nation."[69]

Vietnamese newspapers such as the state-run Nhân Dân have criticized the goals of RFA and broadcasts into the country, with a writer for Nhân Dân accusing the network of attempting to "interfere in other countries' internal affairs."[70]

Chinese citizens calling in to RFA have expressed a wide range of opinions on the network, both positive and negative, many calling from pay phones to hide their identities.

Controversies and disputes

In early November 2012, Ngabo Jigme, director of the Tibetan language department of Radio Free Asia (RFA), was suddenly fired. It is said that the reason why Ngapoi Jigme was fired by RFA was that he allowed the Tibetan language department to express "opposition to the Tibetan government-in-exile" and because Ngapoi Jigme was "disrespectful" to the 14th Dalai Lama. This caused dissatisfaction with the Tibetan government-in-exile; RFA was pressured to fire Ngabo Jigme. Although the Tibetan government-in-exile and RFA denied it, the incident was still questioned by many parties. RFA's long-term consultant Maura Moynihan called it a "scandal"[71] and Tibetan writer An Leye Calling this a "farce", American Tibetologist Elliot Sperling said "there are several assertions that the political conspiracy of exiled government leaders to put pressure on the RFA was the main reason for Ngabo Jigme's dismissal".[72]

On May 10, 2020, RFA published a news article titled "China Border Inspection Strengthens Inspection of Entry and Exit Nationals, International Students Had Their Passports Cut," [73] which contained a screenshot of a Reddit post by a user who said his passport had been clipped by China's border inspections. However, it was later revealed that the user's attached picture was stolen from someone else. The news triggered criticism from mainland Chinese media, saying that the facts stated in the news were inconsistent with the situation.[74]

On 11 May 2021, Fact-checker First Draft News found that Chinese- and Cantonese-language versions of Radio Free Asia (RFA) published anti-vaccine misinformation regarding the Chinese vaccines, particularly the ones manufactured by Sinopharm and Sinovac. The investigation found the RFA articles amplified misleading claims about the vaccine programs, and its stories were reprinted by popular tabloid newspapers to reinforce the anti-vaccine misinformation. The RFA site did not cover suspected adverse events related to Western-made vaccines. Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou, program director at the National Cancer Institute, believed these articles caused vaccine hesitancy and global public health risks. Masato Kajimoto, a misinformation expert and journalism professor at the University of Hong Kong, suggested the articles were biased toward anti-Beijing messages and repeated unsubstantiated claims made by unreliable sources, such as The Epoch Times.[75]

Awards

Radio Free Asia has received several awards for its journalism, including:

Broadcasting information

Broadcasting Information (Channels 1, 2, 3, 4)
Language Service Target audience Launch Date Daily
Broadcast Hours
September 1996 24 Hours, Daily÷ over 3 channels
Tibet Autonomous Region
Qinghai		December 1996 23 Hours, Daily, 1 ch
February 1997 8 Hours, Daily÷ over 3 channels
February 1997 8 Hours, Daily÷ over 2 channels
March 1997 9 Hours, Daily, 1 ch
May 1998 7 Hours, Daily÷ over 2 channels
August 1997 5 Hours, Daily, 1 ch
September 1997 5 Hours, Daily, 1 ch
December 1998 6 Hours, Daily, 1 ch

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History. July 3, 2021. Radio Free Asia.
  2. News: Bay Fang Named Radio Free Asia's New President . November 20, 2019 . RFA . November 8, 2019 . December 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191222110943/https://www.rfa.org/about/releases/bayfang_president-11202019123259.html . live .
  3. Web site: Min Mitchell, Executive Editor . rfa.org . Radio Free Asia . February 7, 2022.
  4. Web site: RFA – USAGM . April 7, 2021 . January 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072813/https://www.usagm.gov/networks/rfa/ . live .
  5. News: Wong . Edward . March 3, 2016 . Tibetan Monk, 18, Dies After Self-Immolation to Protest Chinese Rule . .
  6. News: Denyer. Simon. February 28, 2018. China detains relatives of U.S. reporters in apparent punishment for Xinjiang coverage. The Washington Post. Their reporting for the U.S. government-funded news organization has offered one of the only independent sources of information about the crackdown in the province.
  7. News: Ball. Molly. December 16, 2017. When the Presses Stop. The Atlantic.
  8. News: Beitsch. Rebecca. April 6, 2021. In departure from Trump, State affirms editorial freedom of Voice of America. The Hill. USAGM, which runs Radio Free Europe, Radio Free Asia, and other networks, is funded by the government but operates under an editorial "firewall" designed to block any interference in its coverage..
  9. News: Radio Free Asia shuts Hong Kong bureau over new security law – DW – 03/29/2024 . RFA is funded by the US Congress but with a mandate of editorial independence. . dw.com . 29 March 2024 . en.
  10. Yi . Joseph . Bahk . Junbeom . Bounded Exit and Voice in North Korea . International Migration . 18 September 2022 . 10.1111/imig.13053 . en . 0020-7985.
  11. News: Ward . Alex . Trump and Steve Bannon want to turn a US-funded global media network into Breitbart 2.0 . Vox . 18 June 2020.
  12. News: January 26, 2021. VOA, Radio Free Asia get editors back post-Trump but worry about damage. France 24. AFP.
  13. Web site: Mission. April 20, 2021. Radio Free Asia.
  14. News: Folkenflik. David. January 15, 2021. New Chief's Ties Shock Radio Free Asia, While Pompeo Visit To VOA Stirs Outcry. National Public Radio.
  15. Web site: USAGM . 2024-04-09 . USAGM . en-US.
  16. Book: David Welch. Propaganda, Power and Persuasion: From World War I to Wikileaks. November 27, 2013. I.B.Tauris. 978-0-85773-737-3. ch. 7; Radio Free Asia And China's Harmonious Society (Gary D. Rawnsley). January 3, 2019. August 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200819025305/https://books.google.com/books?id=CpDPBAAAQBAJ. live.
  17. Web site: RFA. July 3, 2021. U.S. Agency for Global Media.
  18. Multiple sources:
  19. Web site: Radio Free Asia USAGov . July 22, 2016 . August 21, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160821014451/https://www.usa.gov/federal-agencies/radio-free-asia . live .
  20. Susan B. Epstein: CRS Report for Congress (PDF)
  21. News: Mann . Jim . Republican Voltage Keeps Radio Free Asia Buzzing . Los Angeles Times . October 1, 1997.
  22. News: May 1, 1994 . Radio Free Asia, Taiwan Sales Approved . The New York Times. . July 3, 2021 .
  23. News: Mann. Jim. September 30, 1996. After 5 Years of Political Wrangling, Radio Free Asia Becomes a Reality. Los Angeles Times. live. July 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160819013809/http://articles.latimes.com/1996-09-30/news/mn-49050_1_radio-free-asia. August 19, 2016.
  24. News: Clark . Pilita . Skehan . Craig . Cabinet in a jam over US radio bid . The Sydney Morning Herald . November 3, 1997.
  25. News: Greene . Gervase . US facing rejection on Radio Free Asia broadcasts from NT . The Age . November 6, 1997.
  26. Bill Text Versions for the 111th Congress, 2009–2010. The Library of Congress.http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hr3593rfs/pdf/BILLS-111hr3593rfs.pdf
  27. News: Emma . Brown . Jaehoon Ahn, reporter and Post researcher, dies . . June 10, 2011 . June 17, 2011 . February 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180206145755/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/jaehoon-ahn-reporter-and-post-researcher-dies/2011/06/09/AGNjEGPH_story.html . live .
  28. Radio Free Asia Targets Indonesia. Far Eastern Economic Review . October 3, 2002 . 165 . 39.
  29. Web site: US Launches New Mandarin Network as Washington and Beijing Battle for Global Influence. South China Morning Post. November 25, 2019. November 24, 2019. November 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191124175641/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3039109/us-launches-new-mandarin-network-washington-and-beijing-battle. live.
  30. Web site: RFA Welcomes Carolyn Bartholomew as New Board Chair . December 13, 2023 . Radio Free Asia . en.
  31. Web site: Carolyn Bartholomew, Chair . December 13, 2023 . Radio Free Asia . en.
  32. Web site: Governance . https://web.archive.org/web/20231213032719/https://www.rfa.org/about/directors/governance . December 13, 2023 . December 13, 2023 . Radio Free Asia . en.
  33. Web site: USAGM . 2023-12-31 . USAGM . en-US.
  34. Web site: 2024-03-29 . US-funded Radio Free Asia closes its Hong Kong bureau over safety concerns under new security law . 2024-03-29 . AP News . en.
  35. Web site: Radio Free Asia Founding President Retires. December 23, 2020. Radio Free Asia. en.
  36. Web site: Statement of RFA President on the Passing of Dick Richter, RFA's Founding President. December 23, 2020. Radio Free Asia. en.
  37. Web site: Libby Liu, President. December 23, 2020. Radio Free Asia. en.
  38. Web site: Bay Fang Named Radio Free Asia's New President. December 23, 2020. Radio Free Asia. en.
  39. Web site: June 17, 2020. New U.S. broadcasting chief fires agency heads. December 23, 2020. Politico. Washington. Associated Press.
  40. Web site: Stephen Yates joins U.S. international broadcasting as President of RFA. December 23, 2020. USAGM. en-US.
  41. News: Folkenflik. David. January 22, 2021. USAGM Chief Fires Trump Allies Over Radio Free Europe And Other Networks. April 7, 2021. npr. en.
  42. Web site: Fromer. Jacob. January 26, 2021. A quick Biden fix: Trump appointees ousted from US broadcasting agency. April 7, 2021. South China Morning Post. en.
  43. Web site: Mann. Jim. June 23, 1998. China Bars 3 Journalists From Clinton's Trip. July 3, 2021. Los Angeles Times.
  44. Sieff/Scully "Radio Free Asia reporters stay home; Clinton kowtows to Beijing's ban, critics contend", The Washington Times, June 24, 1998
  45. News: Radio Free Asia says broadcasts to Vietnam are being jammed. February 7, 1997. February 11, 2008. CNN. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045036/http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9702/07/briefs.am/radio.free.asia.html. live.
  46. Web site: H.R. 1587 Vietnam Human Rights Act of 2004. June 24, 2004. February 11, 2008. Congressional Budget Office. October 17, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20071017115603/http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdoc.cfm?index=5639&type=0&sequence=0. live.
  47. Web site: OpenNet Initiative: Vietnam. OpenNet Initiative. February 11, 2008. May 9, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080509173113/http://opennet.net/research/profiles/vietnam. live.
  48. Web site: RFA: Anti-jamming antenna. February 11, 2008. July 23, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140723014612/http://www.rfa.org/about/help/Anti-Jamming-05022007110912.html. live.
  49. News: Google blames China's 'great firewall' for outage. March 30, 2010. March 30, 2010. CNN. Annalyn. Censky. April 3, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100403015816/http://money.cnn.com/2010/03/30/technology/google_china/. live.
  50. News: March 31, 2010 . Google says China's "great firewall" blocked search . ja . Reuters . August 27, 2023.
  51. News: Forsythe. Michael. A Voice From China's Uighur Homeland, Reporting From the U.S.. August 2, 2015. The New York Times. July 31, 2015. December 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045707/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/01/world/asia/a-voice-from-chinas-uighur-homeland-reporting-from-the-united-states.html. live.
  52. News: Casey. Michael. China's War Against One American Journalist. August 2, 2015. Slate. July 9, 2015. July 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150725021132/http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2015/07/shohret_hoshur_s_brothers_are_being_disappeared_by_the_chinese_government.html. live.
  53. News: Denyur. Simon. China uses long-range intimidation of U.S. reporter to suppress Xinjiang coverage. August 2, 2015. The Washington Post. January 8, 2015. August 22, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150822122403/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/china-uses-long-range-intimidation-of-us-reporter-to-suppress-xinjiang-coverage/2015/01/08/1098c8ab-6a12-449d-87f4-8654e2f4c5ab_story.html. live.
  54. News: Editorial Board. China exports repression beyond its borders. August 2, 2015. The Washington Post. June 9, 2015. August 19, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150819141813/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/tyranny-beyond-borders/2015/06/09/39cb0344-0e96-11e5-adec-e82f8395c032_story.html. live.
  55. News: To suppress news of Xinjiang's gulag, China threatens Uighurs abroad. The Economist. October 23, 2019. October 24, 2019. October 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191024050156/https://www.economist.com/china/2019/10/23/to-suppress-news-of-xinjiangs-gulag-china-threatens-uighurs-abroad. live.
  56. News: Knowledge of China's gulag owes much to American-backed radio. The Economist. October 26, 2019. October 25, 2019. October 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191025024001/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/10/26/knowledge-of-chinas-gulag-owes-much-to-american-backed-radio. live.
  57. News: In China, every day is Kristallnacht. Hiatt. Fred. November 3, 2019. The Washington Post. November 4, 2019. September 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200907202447/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/11/03/china-every-day-is-kristallnacht/?arc404=true. live.
  58. News: What It's Like to Report on Rights Abuses Against Your Own Family . December 18, 2019 . The Atlantic . March 1, 2019 . December 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191211030819/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/03/radio-free-asia-uighur-service/583687/ . live .
  59. News: Greenberg. Ilan. June 23, 2021. How China threatens prominent Uyghurs — in the US, in China and everywhere. Coda Story.
  60. News: Nordlinger. Jay. May 4, 2021. A Uyghur Daughter, and Journalist. National Review.
  61. News: Hoja. Gulchehra. December 5, 2019. Uighur journalist Gulchehra Hoja on exposing China's detention camps. FT Magazine. Gulchehra Hoja .
  62. News: McCormick . Andrew . What It's Like to Report on Rights Abuses Against Your Own Family . June 12, 2021 . . March 1, 2019.
  63. News: Ramzy . Austin . After U.S.-Based Reporters Exposed Abuses, China Seized Their Relatives . June 12, 2021 . . March 1, 2018.
  64. News: Lipes . Joshua . Hoshur . Shohret . Brothers of RFA Journalist Confirmed Detained by Xinjiang Authorities . June 12, 2021 . Radio Free Asia . March 3, 2021.
  65. Hopkins. Mark. 1999. A Babel of Broadcasts. Columbia Journalism Review. 38. 2. 44. 0010-194X. 'The U.S. is propagandizing the world with a jumble of wasteful, redundant radio and TV programs  - Voice of America, Radio Free This-and-That.' [...] Brookings Institution Asian scholar Catharin Dalpino says, 'I do think Radio Free Asia is propagandistic.'.
  66. Web site: A new agency with a bold mission is set to boost America's broadcast efforts overseas. . May 1, 1999 . June 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150921131441/http://www.govexec.com/magazine/1999/05/broadcast-news/6021/ . September 21, 2015.
  67. News: Chuck. Elizabeth. July 20, 2013. Taxpayer money at work: US-funded foreign broadcasts finally available in the US. NBC News.
  68. News: Gamerman. Ellen. April 7, 2001. China Calling. The Baltimore Sun.
  69. Price . Monroe . Public diplomacy and the transformation of international broadcasting . Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal . 2003 . 21 . 1 . 51–85.
  70. Book: Mares . Peter . Losing Control: Freedom of the Press in Asia . 2013 . . 250 . j.ctt5vj71c.18 . July 6, 2021.
  71. Web site: 看莫拉女士评论解雇晋美事件-瑞典茉莉-万维博客-万维读者网（电脑版） . 2024-04-10 . blog.creaders.net.
  72. News: 2012-11-29 . Uneasy moments for Tibetans as leading US supporter alleges misuse of funds . 2024-04-10 . The Times of India . 0971-8257.
  73. Web site: 2022-06-12 . 中国边检加强盘查出入境国人 有留学生被剪护照 — 普通话主页 . 2024-04-15. Radio Free Asia. https://web.archive.org/web/20220612165006/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/renquanfazhi/ql1-05102022051016.html . June 12, 2022 .
  74. Web site: 2022-05-14 . 明查｜中国公民赴加留学护照被剪？发布者用盗图，账号已注销 . 2024-04-15 . Zheng . Shujing . The Paper. https://web.archive.org/web/20220514125816/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_18074487 . May 14, 2022 .
  75. Web site: Misleading information about China's Covid-19 vaccines could have global ramifications. . First Draft News . 11 May 2021 . Keenan . Chen .
  76. Web site: June 27, 2008. Investigative Reporting Rewarded in Hong-Kong. July 6, 2021. Radio Free Asia.
  77. News: May 13, 2010. Commentator Wins 'Courage in Journalism' Award. Radio Free Asia. April 29, 2021.
  78. Web site: Gulchehra Hoja . . April 25, 2021.
  79. Web site: 2019 Edward R. Murrow Awards . . April 25, 2021.
  80. Web site: 2014 Sigma Delta Chi Award Honorees . . April 25, 2021.
  81. Web site: April 18, 2013. Radio Free Asia Wins Regional Edward R. Murrow Award. February 7, 2022. rfa.org. Washington. en.
  82. Web site: 2013 Regional Edward R. Murrow Award Winners. February 7, 2022. Radio Television Digital News Association. en.
  83. Web site: February 24, 2010. Radio Free Asia Wins Gracie for Web Coverage of Uyghur Women. July 6, 2021. Radio Free Asia.
  84. Web site: Burke Honors reporting in Korea and China . Radio Free Asia . April 29, 2021.
  85. News: RFA Wins Major Environmental Reporting Prize . April 29, 2021 . Radio Free Asia . July 28, 2010.
  86. Web site: December 14, 2021. 2021 National Edward R. Murrow Award winners. www.rtdna.org.
  87. Web site: December 14, 2021. BenarNews — an RFA Affiliate — Wins Murrow Award for COVID Report. USAGM.
  88. Web site: December 14, 2021. Preserving the Erased Decade of the Chinese Feminist Movement.
  89. News: Cover-Up Alleged in D.C. Killing Of Lawyer. Duggan. Paul. Clarence Williams. November 1, 2008. December 31, 2008. The Washington Post. November 7, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121107054946/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/31/AR2008103102290.html. live.

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