Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations explained

Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations
Native Name Lang:	de
Location:	St George's Hospital, St Georg, Hamburg, Germany
Dedicated To:	Early radiology workers who died as a result
Mapframe:	yes
Mapframe-Zoom:	14

The Monument to the X-ray and Radium Martyrs of All Nations (also known as the X-ray Martyrs' Memorial) is a memorial in Hamburg, Germany, commemorating those who died due to their work with the use of radiation, particularly X-rays, in medicine.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} It was unveiled on the grounds of St Georg (St George's) Hospital (now the German: Asklepios Klinik St Georg), on 4 April 1936 by the German: Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft (the Röntgen Society of Germany).^{[5] [6]}

When unveiled, the memorial included 169 names, from fifteen nations, listed alphabetically;^[7] by 1959 there were 359, with the additions listed on four separate stone plaques, beside the original columnar stone memorial.

Inscription

The memorial's inscription may be translated as:

Book

An accompanying book, German: Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen (Book of Honour of radiologists of all nations) gives biographies of those commemorated. Three editions have been produced, the most recent in 1992.^[8]

Names

The names of those commemorated include:

• Heinrich Albers-Schönberg (1865–1921)
• Gustav Baer (1865–1925)
• Frederick Henry Baetjer (1874–1933)
• Burton Eugene Baker (1871–1913)
• Leonhard Baumeister (1874–1953)
• Eugen Beaujard (1874–1937)
• Jean Bergonié (1857–1925)
• Elis Berven (1885–1966)
• Reginald Blackall (-1925)^{[9] [10]}
• Barry Blacken
• Joseph Boine (1883–1935)
• Percy Brown (?–1950)
• William Ironside Bruce (1879–1921)^[11]
• Eugene Wilson Caldwell (1870–1918)
• Joaquim Roberto Cavalho (1893–1944)
• Felipe Carriazo (1854–1919)
• Edmond Castex (1868–1931)
• Ettore Castronovo (1894–1954)
• Alfred Cerné (1856–1937)
  • Frederick W. D. Collier Antonio Coppola (?–1922)
• Marie Curie (1867-1934)
• Alois Czepa (1886–1931)
• Fritz Dautwitz (1877–1932)
• Friedrich Dessauer (1881–1963)
• Étienne Destot (1864–1918)
• Walter Dodd (-1916)
• Jonn Duken (1889–1954)
• Gyula Elischer von Thurzóbánya (1875–1929)
• Arthur W. Erskine (1885–1952)
• Johan Frederik Fischer (1868–1922)
• Frederick R. Forster
• William Hope Fowler (1876–1933)
• Shigeo Furuya (1891–1955)
• Fritz Giesel (1852–1927)
• (1869–1938)
• Maximilian Gortan (1873–ca. 1936)
• (1874–1952)
• John Hall-Edwards (1858–1926)
• Anna Hamann (1894–1969)
• Joseph Gilbert Hamilton (1907–1957)
• Georges Haret (1874–1932)
• H. Harris
• Georg Heber (1872–1931)
• Guido Holzknecht (1872–1931)
• Hermann Hopf (-after 1928)
• Friedrich Janus (1875–1951)
• (1869–1926)
• Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956)
• James Philip Kerby (1886–1952)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Klingelfuss (1859–1932)
• (1873–1957)
• Charles Lester Leonard (1861–1913)
• Adolphe Leray (1865–1926)
• (1863–1929)
• Félix Lobligeois (1874–1941)
• Bertram V. A. Low-Beer (1900–1955)
• Cecil Lyster (1859–1920)^[12]
• Robert Hermann Machlett (1872–1926)
• Hilde Maier-Smereker (1893–1954)
• Stanley Melville (1867–1934)
• Lawrie Morrison (-1933)
• José Casimiro Carteado Mena (1876–1949)
• (1845–1912)
• John Murphy (1885–1944)
• Takashi Nagai (1908–1951)
• George Harrison Orton (1873–1947)
• Ernest Payne (?–1936)
• George Alexander Pirie
• Mario Ponzio (1885–1956)
• James R. Riddell
• (1871–1916)
• Heber Robarts (1852–1922)
• Jacob Rosenblatt (1872–1928)
• Francis Le Roy Satterlee (1881–1935)
• (1879-1959)
• Erno Schiffer (1893-1951)
• Otto Schreiber (1882–1925)
• Fumiyo Shimadzu (1902–1967)
• Ernst Sommer (1872–1938)
• Adrien Celestin Marie Soret (?–1929)
• John W. L. Spence (1870-1930)
• Itsuma Suetsugu (1893–1965)
• Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Tauleigne (–1926)
• Benjamin Franklin Thomas (1850–1911)
• Dawson Turner (1857-1928)
• Tamonji Urano (1886–1954)
• Charles Vaillant (1872–1942)
• Ivanova-Podobed Sofia Vasilievna (1887–1953)
• Harry Fuller Waite (1872–1946)
• Hugh Walsham
• Louis Andrew Weigel (1854–1906)
• John Duncan White (?–1955)
• John Chisholm Williams
• Ernest Wilson (1871-1911)
• J. Young

Further reading

• 2006. Das Ehrenmal der Radiologie in Hamburg. RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren. 178. 8. 753–756. 1438-9029. 10.1055/s-2006-948089. 260290535 .

Notes and References

1. 1936. Memorial to X-ray Martyrs. The British Journal of Radiology . 9 . 102 . 351–353 . 0007-1285 . 10.1259/0007-1285-9-102-351.
2. Book: OUP Oxford. 978-0-19-166970-5. Thomas. Adrian M. K.. Banerjee. Arpan K.. The History of Radiology . 2013.
3. Book: Mould, R. F.. CRC Press. 978-0-7503-0224-1. A Century of X-Rays and Radioactivity in Medicine: With Emphasis on Photographic Records of the Early Years . 1993.
4. Web site: History of ionizing radiation. Joarder. Ritam. 22 February 2014. SlideShare. 27 November 2016.
5. Web site: Museum of Modern Imaging . 27 November 2016.
6. Owen . Morris . 1962 . Australian X-Ray Martyrs . Australasian Radiology . 6 . 2 . 90–93 . 0004-8461 . 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1962.tb01097.x.
7. Web site: The Miracle and the Martyrs. Dana News & Events. 27 November 2016.
8. Book: W. . Molineus . H. . Holthusen . H. . Meyer . Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen . Berlin . 1992 . 3rd . 3-89412-132-7.
9. 1956. Radiation Martyrs. The British Journal of Radiology. 29. 341. 273. 0007-1285. 10.1259/0007-1285-29-341-273.
10. Web site: Reginald George griffiths Blackall. Leigh Lives. 27 November 2016.
11. Web site: The advent of radiation protection through WWI radiology martyrs. Thomas. Adrian. 3 November 2014. British Instuitute of Radiology. 27 November 2016.
12. Web site: The History of X-rays in Dundee. University of Dundee. 27 November 2016.