Radial neuropathy explained

Radial neuropathy
Width:130
Synonyms:Radial mononeuropathy, Saturday night palsy
Symptoms:Wrist drop
Causes:Broken bone, Direct nerve injury
Diagnosis:MRI, Ultrasound
Treatment:Corticosteroid, Pain medication

Radial neuropathy is a type of mononeuropathy which results from acute trauma to the radial nerve that extends the length of the arm.[1] It is known as transient paresthesia when sensation is temporarily abnormal.[2]

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of radial neuropathy vary depending on the severity of the trauma; however, common symptoms may include wrist drop, numbness on the back of the hand and wrist, and inability to voluntarily straighten the fingers. Loss of wrist extension is due to loss of the ability to move of the posterior compartment of forearm muscles.[1] [3] In the event of lacerations to the wrist area the symptom would therefore be sensory. Additionally, depending on the type of trauma, other nerves may be affected such as the median nerve and axillary nerves.[4]

Causes

There are many ways to acquire radial nerve neuropathy, including:[5]

Mechanism

The mechanism of radial neuropathy is such that it can cause focal demyelination and axonal degeneration.[6] These would be caused via laceration or compression of the nerve in question.[7]

Diagnosis

Radial neuropathy may be diagnosed using MRI, ultrasound, nerve conduction study or electromyography (EMG).[1]

Treatment

The treatment and management of radial neuropathy can be achieved via the following methods:[1] [8] [9]

Prognosis

Radial neuropathy is not necessarily permanent, though there could be partial loss of movement or sensation. Complications include deformity of the hand in some individuals.[10] If the injury is axonal (the underlying nerve fiber itself is damaged), recovery may take months or years and full recovery may never occur. EMG and nerve conduction studies are typically performed to diagnose the extent and distribution of the damage, and to help with prognosis for recovery.. A compressive neuropraxia of the radial nerve (Saturday night palsy) takes between 2 and 12 weeks to recover. It is a common misunderstanding to attribute severe motor weakness of the hand lasting only minutes to hours to radial nerve neuropraxia [3]

Culture and society

There are a number of terms used to describe radial nerve injuries, which are dependent on the causation factor such as:

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Radial Mononeuropathy: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. Mdscape. eMedicine. 16 August 2016.
  2. Web site: Paresthesia Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). www.ninds.nih.gov. 18 August 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20161202232137/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/paresthesia/paresthesia.htm. 2 December 2016.
  3. Han. Bo Ram. Cho. Yong Jun. Yang. Jin Seo. Kang. Suk Hyung. Choi. Hyuk Jai. Clinical Features of Wrist Drop Caused by Compressive Radial Neuropathy and Its Anatomical Considerations. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. 1 March 2014. 55. 3. 148–151. 10.3340/jkns.2014.55.3.148. 4024814. 2005-3711. 24851150.
  4. Book: Frontera. Walter R.. Silver. Julie K.. Julie K. Silver . Rizzo. Thomas D. Jr.. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. 9780323222723. 129. 10 September 2016. en. 2014-09-05.
  5. Web site: Radial Nerve Lesion (C5-C8) Professional Reference Patient. Patient. 10 September 2016.
  6. Wang. Jack T.. Medress. Zachary A.. Barres. Ben A.. Axon degeneration: Molecular mechanisms of a self-destruction pathway. The Journal of Cell Biology. 9 January 2012. 196. 1. 7–18. 10.1083/jcb.201108111. 22232700. 10 September 2016. en. 0021-9525. 3255986.
  7. Book: Micheo . William . Musculoskeletal, Sports and Occupational Medicine. 2010. Demos Medical Pub., LLC. New York. 9781617050077. 192. 10 September 2016. en.
  8. Web site: Tendon Transfers: History, Concepts, Timing of Tendon Transfer. 2017-05-02.
  9. Book: Wolfe. Scott W.. Pederson. William C.. Hotchkiss. Robert N.. Kozin. Scott H.. Cohen. Mark S.. Green's Operative Hand Surgery: Expert Consult: Online and Print. Elsevier Health Sciences. 978-1455737413. 1078. 10 September 2016. en. 2010-11-24.
  10. Web site: Radial nerve dysfunction: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. NIH. 10 September 2016.
  11. Book: Ebnezar, John. Textbook of Orthopedics. 2010. JP Medical Ltd. 978-81-8448-744-2. 342.
  12. Book: Goodman. Catherine C.. Fuller. Kenda S.. Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant. Elsevier Health Sciences. 978-1437708936. 890. en. 2011-02-14.
  13. Spinner . Robert J. . Poliakoff . Michael B. . Tiel . Robert L. . 2002 . The Origin of "Saturday Night Palsy"? . Neurosurgery . 51 . 3 . 737-741 . 10.1227/01.NEU.0000023989.72999.40 . October 26, 2023.
  14. Web site: Medscape /Axillary Nerve Injury Associated With Sports. www.medscape.com. 10 September 2016.

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