Raavan (2010 film) explained

Raavan
Director:Mani Ratnam
Producer:Mani Ratnam
Sharada Trilok
Starring:Vikram
Abhishek Bachchan
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
Govinda
Nikhil Dwivedi
Ravi Kishan
Priyamani
Music:A. R. Rahman
Cinematography:Santosh Sivan
V. Manikandan
Editing:A. Sreekar Prasad
Distributor:Reliance BIG Pictures
Studio:Madras Talkies
Runtime:131 minutes[1]
Country:India
Language:Hindi
Budget:[2]

Raavan is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language epic action-adventure film co-written and directed by Mani Ratnam, who also co-produced the film. It stars Vikram, Abhishek Bachchan, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and while Govinda, Nikhil Dwivedi, Ravi Kishan and Priyamani in pivotal roles. It marks the Hindi film debuts of Vikram and Priyamani. The film follows the crux of the epic Ramayana, but with a modernized plot which reveals the perspective of Ravana.

Raavan was announced in February 2008, whilst Abhishek and Aishwarya's collaboration in the second time after Guru (2007),[3] creating more anticipation. Shooting began soon after, and took place in various locations with a record number of extras in areas including Chalakudy, Kerala and Ooty, Tamil Nadu amongst other regions throughout India. The film's music was composed by A. R. Rahman, with lyrics written by Gulzar, the cinematography was handled by V. Manikandan and Santhosh Sivan, and editing is done by A. Sreekar Prasad.

The film was simultaneously released in two languages Tamil as Raavanan with Vikram reprising Bachchan's role and playing the antagonist, Prithviraj Sukumaran reprising Vikram's role (which Abhishek Bachchan was supposed to play, but opted out of the film as he was not fluent in Tamil) and playing the protagonist, and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan reprising her role in Tamil as well. Both versions released simultaneously on 18 June 2010 worldwide. The film's premiere was held in London on 16 June 2010.[4]

Plot

A naxalite named Beera Munda and his gang are busy distracting the cops, setting police vehicles ablaze and luring women to seduce cops into a trap where Beera's henchmen attack and brutally kill them. Whilst on a boating trip, Raagini Sharma is kidnapped by Beera, where her husband SP Dev Pratap Sharma, is informed of the incident. It is revealed that Beera is a local hero in his village, who runs a parallel government in rural areas with his brothers – Mangal and Hariya. Though considered a naxalite by the local police, Beera is respected by the villagers. He actually kidnapped Raagini hoping to avenge the death of his sister Jamunia, where he brings her to a cliff to kill her. She refuses to die at his hands and jumps off the cliff into the water far below, hoping to kill herself, but to no avail.

This causes Beera to hold off the murder, being unable to kill someone who has no fear of death. Dev and his team enter the forests with the aid of Sanjeevani Kumar, a local forest guard. Despite searching deep in the forests, Dev is unable to hunt down Beera. Meanwhile, Raagini (who is actually suffering from Stockholm Syndrome) learns that Dev had led an encounter against Beera during Jamunia's wedding, where his shot grazed Beera in the neck. Fighting for his life, Beera is unable to protect his sister and is led out of the fiasco by his gang. The police pressurised Jamunia into revealing Veera's hideout. When she refused, she was subjected to torture and was physically assaulted by the cops. Beera returned home to find Jamunia depressed and traumatised. The next day, Jamunia committed suicide by drowning in a nearby well. Unhappy with the ways of leading the war causing distress to his gang, Hariya offers a truce to Dev, who initially seems to agree.

When Hariya arrives from his hideout, Dev shoots him to death revealing that he considers the destruction of Beera as more important than saving Raagini. Beera and Mangal are enraged and attack Dev's camp where they wipe out completely. A final confrontation ensues between Beera and Dev on a rickety bridge where Beera triumphs over Dev, but leaves him as Dev told that he is leaving him alive because of Raagini. Dev manages to extricate himself out and finds Raagini bound and tied up with Veera leaving her. While returning to their hometown, Dev accuses Raagini of infidelity and informs her that Beera actually told him. Furious, Raagini leaves Dev to meet Beera through Mangal, where she manages to meet him and asks him about the accusation. Beera denies the accusation, where the duo quickly realises that Dev lied, hoping Raagini would lead him to his hideout. Dev appears with a police team and confronts Beera. Raagini tries to save Beera, but he pushes her out of the line of fire, and is shot multiple times, where Beera falls to his death with a smile while Ragini is distraught.

Cast

Production

Development

During the making of his 2007 drama Guru starring Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Mani Ratnam had finalised a script for his next directorial venture titled Lajjo.[6] Based on a short story by Ismat Chughtai,[7] it was a musical period film set in the desert and was to star Aamir Khan and Kareena Kapoor in the lead.[8] Though the film was slated to go on floors after the release of the former,[9] there were reports of a fall-out between Ratnam and Khan due to creative differences. While cinematographer P. C. Sreeram denied the reports,[10] the film's would-be lyricist Gulzar said there were actually problems with acquiring the copyright of the story,[11] and composer A. R. Rahman even confirmed to having completed 80% of the film score.[12] Yet, the project was put on the back burner for reasons unknown.[13] [14]

Following the critical and commercial success of Guru, Ratnam announced his next film in February 2008.[15] A modern-day retelling of the mythological epic Ramayana, the film again features the real life couple in the lead.[16] The film was initially planned to be made only in Hindi and the idea for the Tamil version came later.[17] In January 2009, while the film was in the making, it was further decided to dub the Tamil version to Telugu making it a tri-lingual.[18] [19] While the film was yet to be titled,[20] it was widely reported in the media that the Tamil version was titled Ashokavanam in reference to the place where Sita was held captive by Ravana.[21] Subsequently, the film was titled Raavan in Hindi and Raavanan in Tamil.[22] While the plot is inspired by Ramayana, the story is narrated from Ravana's perspective making him the protagonist.[23] The film is centered on the 'Ashokavanam' episode where Ravana kidnaps Sita and keeps her in Asokavanam. Later Rama ventures to save his wife and bring her back.

Casting

Bachchan and Vikram were roped in for the contrasting leads. Rai plays the female lead in both versions of the film.[24]

Manikandan was hired as the film's cinematographer; however, he walked out in May 2009 and was replaced by Santosh Sivan.[25] [26] The editing was done by Sreekar Prasad.[27] Rai's costumes were exclusively designed by fashion designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee.[28] Choreography was by Ganesh Acharya, Brinda, Shobana,[29] and Astad Deboo. Peter Hein and Shyam Koushal choreographed the action sequences and Samir Chanda took care of production design.

Filming

Raavan was shot in numerous locations around India including the forests of Karnataka (Tumkur), Kerala (Athirappilly Falls),[30] Ooty, Jhansi, Kolkata, Mahabaleshwar and in the Malshej Ghats in Maharashtra.[31] [32]

Principal photography commenced in October 2008, in the forests near Kochi, Kerala. A few scenes were filmed at Athirappilly Falls, Ratnam's favourite location. Incidentally, he has shot for the songs 'Jiya Jale' in Dil Se.. and 'Barso Re' in Guru at the same location.[33] Forest officials banned the shooting at Malayattoor, an eco-tourism centre, for violating rules and constructing temporary huts,[34] [35] [36] [37] [38] delaying the shoot for 11 days until the issues were resolved on 22 October 2008, while laying down reworked rules.[39] [40] [41] The second leg of the shooting at Ooty that began in December 2008 was also delayed as local cab drivers protested the use of film federation (FEFSI) vehicles which affected their business,[42] [43] forcing a dejected Ratnam to call off the shoot temporarily and move on to Hogenakkal Falls.[44] [45] In February 2009, the crew advanced to Kolkata where the song 'Kalvare' was shot by the banks of Hooghly at Agarpara.[46] [47] [48] [49] Later, as the shooting resumed and progressed at Ooty, Ratnam fell ill in April 2009 and was hospitalised at Apollo Hospitals,[50] [51] [52] causing a further delay of 47 days until filming resumed in June 2009 following his recovery.[53] As the numerous delays affected his other projects, DOP Manikandan walked out in May and was replaced by Santosh Sivan.[54] [55] By July, the crew moved back to Kerala,[56] to reshoot a few scenes at Chalakudy as Ratnam was reportedly unsatisfied after seeing the rushes.[57] [58] This time around, heavy rains played spoilsport leading to another delay in filming.[59] Moreover, when an elephant brought for the shoot ran amok killing the mahout,[60] the Animal Welfare Board served a show cause notice to the production company (Madras Talkies) for not taking permission to use elephants.[61] [62]

The film began its last schedule in August 2009 at the Malshej Ghats in Maharashtra where the climax sequence was shot,[63] the final encounter taking place on a wooden bridge.[64] Production designer Samir Chanda built three identical bridges to facilitate the scene to be captured from different angles.[65] [66] Though initially planned to be built either in Sri Lanka, Australia or South Africa, the bridge was constructed in Mumbai to reduce costs.[67] [68] While bad weather and heavy rains disrupted shoot for a few days,[69] the forest department filed cases against some crew members for trespassing.[70] [71] The film went into post-production by the end of 2009.[72]

Numerous action sequences were performed by the actors.[73] The actors suffered from real cuts and bruises so they didn't need make up.[74] [75] The stunts were directed by Mani Ratnam and choreographed by Peter Hein, who received a Filmfare action award for the Hindi versions of Ghajini and Anniyan. For his introduction scene, the protagonist has to jump from a 90-foot high cliff near the Hogenakkal Falls into the river below.[76] This risky dive was performed by a body double, Balram, a Bangalore based former national diving champion.[77] Kalarippayattu, a martial art form origaniting from Kerala, was also featured in the film. Sunil Kumar, a Kalari gym trainer from Kozhikode, trained the actors.[78] Dancer Astad Deboo choreographed a passionate chase scene and a tandav dance between Abhishek and Aishwarya for the film.[79] [80] [81] [82]

Music

See main article: Raavan (soundtrack). The soundtrack for the film was composed by A. R. Rahman with lyrics penned by Gulzar. It features six songs and an additional song that was performed by Rahman at the audio launch. It was released on 24 April 2010 by T-Series.

The additional track performed by Rahman, titled "Jaare Ud Jaare", was not included in the CD. The song was cited to be an "instant composition": "The night before the launch, Rahman closeted himself in his Mumbai studio and worked through the night to compose the song." This song is believed to be included in the later stages.[83] The soundtrack also features three additional songs that were featured in the movie.

Release

Raavan, along with its simultaneously made Tamil version Raavanan, was released on 18 June 2010.

Reception

Critical response

Among Indian film critics, Raavan received mixed reviews and responses.[84] Rajeev Masand of IBN gave the film 1.5/5 and said, "Despite some eye-watering camerawork and a stunning action piece in the film's climax, the film -- especially its first half -- is a carelessly edited mess of long scenes that make little sense when strung together".[85] Noyon Jyoti Parasara of AOL rated it 2.5/5 and stated, "Raavan is more a choreographed musical-cum-psychological drama but without proper character backing. What makes the movie worth watching is the peaks in the second half, of course apart from the imagery".[86] Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama rated it 1.5/5 and said, "On the whole, Raavan is a king-sized disappointment, in terms of content".[87] Sukanya Venkatraghavan of Filmfare rated the film 3/5 and said, "Raavan has its moments but it lacks depth. The first half is fairly riveting but the second half slowly slips into a coma".[88] Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India rated it favourably at 3.5/5, saying, "There are enough punches in the second half to keep the momentum going, but by and large, the film scores mostly on art and aesthete".[89] Raja Sen of Rediff rated it 2/5 and said, "Raavan truly and tragically fails us is in taking one of our greatest epics, and making it unforgivably boring".[90] Parimal Rohit of Buzzine Bollywood said, "Raavan is ultimately a clever film, as it pushed the envelope on how one goes about defining who is good and who is evil".[91]

, Raavan holds a 46% approval rating among the audience.[92] Cath Clarke of The Guardian gave the film a rating of 2/5 and found it sexist.[93] However, Frank Lovece of Film Journal International found it a "cracklingly stylish, suspenseful psychological drama" with "a visual sense that evokes David Fincher at his darkest", and admired the dance numbers, "one taking place somewhat naturalistically at a wedding, the other essentially a stunning war dance".[94]

The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times likewise gave it positive reviews: Rachel Saltz of the former made it a Times "Critic's Pick" and lauded Ratnam as "a talented visual storyteller who directs action crisply and fills the screen with striking images" including "an eye-popping climactic battle",[95] while Kevin Thomas of the latter said the film "is replete with dizzying camerawork, myriad complications, violent mayhem, broad humor, [the] usual musical interludes, a cliffhanging climactic confrontation and a finish that strikes a note of poignancy".[96]

Box office

Raavan opened "below expectations" at the Indian box office, with the Hindi version earning Rs 60.1 million on its opening day.[97] [98] In North America, Raavan opened in 120 theaters and ranked No. 15 on the domestic weekend box office chart with $760. Box Office India declared the film a Flop.[99]

Unlike its Hindi counterpart, which tanked at the box office, the Tamil version tasted success in the South.[100] [101] During its opening weekend on 15 screens in Chennai, it was the number one film and netted, an opening weekend record then.[102] [103] Though the film opened to packed houses, it slumped a little due to mixed reviews but later picked up following a local holiday.[104] The film collected $8 million at the box office in the first month of release[105] including $400,000 from Kerala.[106] [107] It went on to make over 600 million at the worldwide box office and remained one of the top Tamil grossers of the year.[108] Uk opening weekend.[109] UK boxoffice second week.[110] New York boxoffice.[111] [112]

Accolades

6th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild AwardsWon[113]

Nominated[114]

2011 Zee Cine AwardsNominated[115]
3rd Mirchi Music AwardsNominated[116]

Stardust Awards

Nominated

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://directories.vnuemedia.com/fjiguides/bluesheets/film_display.aspx?mid=10921 Raavan
  2. Web site: Raavan – Movie. Box Office India.
  3. Web site: Abhishek-Aishwarya to star in Mani Ratnam's next . Bollywood Hungama. 19 February 2008.
  4. Web site: Ra.One to meet Raavan in London!. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616210523/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ra-One-to-meet-Raavan-in-London/H1-Article1-557480.aspx. dead. 16 June 2010. Hindustan Times. 15 June 2010.
  5. News: Raavan: Review. https://archive.today/20130203142326/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100619/jsp/entertainment/story_12580783.jsp. dead. 3 February 2013. The Telegraph. 27 June 2010. Calcutta, India. 19 June 2010.
  6. News: Savitha Gautham. 12 January 2007. From real to reel. dead. 31 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104000754/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/01/12/stories/2007011201620100.htm. The Hindu. 4 November 2013.
  7. News: Subhash K. Jha. 11 April 2007. Lajjo a double bonanza for Kareena. Hindustan Times. Indo-Asian News Service. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131111043756/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/lajjo-a-double-bonanza-for-kareena/article1-215120.aspx. 11 November 2013.
  8. Web site: Faridoon Shahryar. 7 August 2006. Aamir, Kareena in Rathnam's Lajjo. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102135347/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/24318.html. 2 November 2013. 31 October 2013. IndiaGlitz.
  9. Web site: Faridoon Shahryar. 5 December 2006. Mani Rathnam's 'Lajjo' to start in August, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102135041/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/27467.html. 2 November 2013. 31 October 2013. IndiaGlitz.
  10. News: Sangeetha Devi. K. 6 June 2007. Through the master's lens. dead. 31 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104001927/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/06/06/stories/2007060650680100.htm. The Hindu. 4 November 2013.
  11. News: 11 June 2007. Gulzar takes his poems to Japan. DNA India. Indo-Asian News Service. live. 31 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131102230909/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-gulzar-takes-his-poems-to-japan-1102538. 2 November 2013.
  12. News: Rachana Dubey. 26 May 2007. Lajjo has not been shelved: AR Rahman. Hindustan Times. https://archive.today/20131106155108/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/lajjo--has-not-been-shelved-ar-rahman/article1-225432.aspx. dead. 6 November 2013.
  13. News: 26 May 2007. Lajjo shelved!. https://archive.today/20131106155051/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-05-26/news-interviews/27884409_1_mani-ratnam-film-taare-zameen-par. dead. The Times of India. 6 November 2013.
  14. News: Vajir Singh. 12 May 2007. Whatever happened to Mani Ratnam's Lajjo?. Hindustan Times. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104170722/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archived-stories/whatever-happened-to-mani-ratnam-s-lajjo/article1-222276.aspx. 4 November 2013.
  15. News: 20 August 2008. Abhishek-Aishwarya to play Ram-Sita in Mani Ratnam's Ramayan. Zee News. live. 21 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131021210547/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/abhishek-aishwarya-to-play-ram-sita-in-mani-ratnam-s-ramayan_8431.html. 21 October 2013.
  16. News: Ashok Rai. 21 July 2008. Ramayan retold. Hindustan Times. https://archive.today/20131020155038/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Ramayan-retold/Article1-325514.aspx. dead. 20 October 2013. 20 October 2013.
  17. News: Ziya Us Salam. 18 June 2010. Mani Exchange. dead. 10 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016085649/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2010/06/18/stories/2010061850010100.htm. The Hindu. 16 October 2013.
  18. Web site: 23 January 2009. Mani Ratnam's 'Ashokavanam' in Telugu. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162034/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/44465.html. 24 September 2015. 9 October 2013. IndiaGlitz.
  19. News: S. Aishwarya. 4 June 2010. In Kollywood, it's the season of the tri-lingual film. dead. 23 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016083848/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/04/stories/2010060459230200.htm. The Hindu. 16 October 2013.
  20. Web site: Subhash K Jha. 23 October 2008. Mani is on their minds. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051545/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2008/oct/231008-Mani-ratnam-AbhiAsh-Diwali-Abhishek-Bachchan-Aishwarya-Rai.htm. 17 October 2013. 14 October 2013. Mid-day.
  21. Web site: 4 February 2009. Mani seeks Ashokavanam from Kasthuriraja. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150610202029/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/feb-09-01/ashokavanam-04-02-09.html. 10 June 2015. 14 October 2013. Behindwoods.com.
  22. Web site: 24 May 2010. Why Mani Ratnam did not get the title?. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131021115055/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/may-10-04/mani-ratnam-raavanan-24-05-10.html. 21 October 2013. 21 October 2013. Behindwoods.
  23. News: Nikhil Raghavan. 20 March 2009. Itsy Bitsy: Epic Effort. dead. 9 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016085140/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/03/20/stories/2009032050020800.htm. The Hindu. 16 October 2013.
  24. Web site: Raavan preview. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20100423002045/http://www.moviewood.net/bollywood/upcoming-movies/raavan. 23 April 2010. 17 June 2010. Moviewood.
  25. Web site: Santosh Sivan joins team 'Raavan'. https://web.archive.org/web/20090520183212/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/47067.html. dead. 20 May 2009. 19 May 2009. IndiaGlitz.
  26. Web site: Mani Ratnam shoots in Ooty!. https://web.archive.org/web/20090606212948/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14891619. dead. 6 June 2009. 2 June 2009. Sify.
  27. News: Subha J Rao. 2 November 2010. Master of montage. dead. 10 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016124409/http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2010/11/02/stories/2010110250470300.htm. The Hindu. 16 October 2013.
  28. News: Shefalee Vasudev. 24 August 2009. Khadi's Refinement Lies in Its Humility. Outlook India. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20090819124426/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?261316. 19 August 2009.
  29. Web site: 17 April 2009. Shobana turns Ash's choreographer. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029201435/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/46349.html. 29 October 2013. 23 October 2013. IndiaGlitz.
  30. Web site: Ash, Abhishek to shoot in Kerala. 7 October 2008. Rediff.
  31. Web site: More problems for Mani Ratnam. https://archive.today/20120720143923/http://sify.com/movies/fullstory.php?id=14821190. dead. 20 July 2012. 18 December 2008. Sify.
  32. News: 15 February 2009. Raavan brings Sita to town – Ash-Abhi to shoot for Mani. The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. https://archive.today/20130105004619/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090215/jsp/frontpage/story_10538098.jsp. dead. 5 January 2013. 14 February 2009.
  33. Web site: Gullu Gupshup. 7 October 2008. Ash, Abhishek to shoot in Kerala. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20081011050828/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2008/oct/07bach.htm. 11 October 2008. Rediff.
  34. News: 12 October 2008. Forest officials stop film shooting. The Hindu. 20 October 2013.
  35. News: Nirmala Ravindran. 13 October 2008. Mani Ratnam forced to cancel shooting in Kerala. India Today. live. 20 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20150610230440/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Mani%2BRatnam%2Bforced%2Bto%2Bcancel%2Bshooting%2Bin%2BKerala/1/17513.html. 10 June 2015.
  36. News: 11 October 2008. Mani Ratnam violates Kerala forest rules, shooting stopped. Zee News. Indo-Asian News Service. live. 23 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195058/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/bollywood/mani-ratnam-violates-kerala-forest-rules-shooting-stopped_12951.html. 29 October 2013.
  37. Web site: 14 October 2008. Conditional permission to Ratnam's film shoot in Kerala forest. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195659/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/story.php?id=4733. 29 October 2013. 27 October 2013. Mathubhumi.
  38. Web site: 13 October 2008. Shooting of mani ratnam's Ravana banned. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193330/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/tamil/news/2008/mani-ratnam-ravana-shooting-stopped-131008.html. 29 October 2013. 23 October 2013.
  39. News: Prithwish Ganguly. 4 November 2008. Mani can shoot in the wilderness. DNA India. 20 October 2013.
  40. Web site: 22 October 2008. Mani's Ravana secrets!. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20100312105048/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/oct-08-04/mani-ratnam-22-10-08.html. 12 March 2010. 10 June 2010. Behindwoods.
  41. Web site: Ashok Rao. 7 November 2008. Shooting of Mani Ratnam's 'Raavan' resumes after forest row. 23 October 2013. TopNews.
  42. News: 18 December 2008. Confrontation over transport. dead. 9 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017003656/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/18/stories/2008121850770300.htm. The Hindu. 17 October 2013.
  43. Web site: 18 December 2008. More problems for Mani Ratnam. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131209224625/http://www.sify.com/movies/more-problems-for-mani-ratnam-news-tamil-kkfs75dafdf.html. 9 December 2013. Sify.
  44. Web site: 17 December 2008. Mani Ratnam cancels film shooting after drivers' protest. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202143/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=648060. 29 October 2013. 23 October 2013. Outlook India.
  45. News: S. Aishwarya. 4 July 2010. Indian locations provide stunning backdrops for film shoots. dead. 9 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131017005736/http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/04/stories/2010070457780200.htm. The Hindu. 17 October 2013.
  46. News: 15 February 2009. Raavan brings Sita to town: Ash -Abhi to shoot for Mani. The Telegraph. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090217135621/http://telegraphindia.com/1090215/jsp/frontpage/story_10538098.jsp. 17 February 2009.
  47. News: 24 February 2009. Missing in action: Abhishek!. The Telegraph. dead. 27 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194642/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090224/jsp/entertainment/story_10580063.jsp. 29 October 2013.
  48. News: Anindya Shankar Ray, Mohua Das. 4 March 2009. Watching you!. The Telegraph. dead. 27 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190603/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090304/jsp/entertainment/story_10620058.jsp. 29 October 2013.
  49. News: Priyanka Dasgupta. 15 February 2009. Mani ratnam to shoot Ravana. https://web.archive.org/web/20131018044710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-02-15/news-interviews/28047631_1_mani-ratnam-jute-mill-raavana. dead. 18 October 2013. The Times of India. 28 October 2013.
  50. News: Subhash K Jha. 16 April 2009. Mani walked out of recording... into hospital!. https://web.archive.org/web/20131018032039/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-04-16/news-interviews/28030117_1_mani-ratnam-raavana-gulzar. dead. 18 October 2013. The Times of India. 9 October 2013.
  51. News: 15 April 2009. Mani Ratnam recovering after complaints of breathing problem. The Hindu. Press Trust of India. live. 9 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131016121331/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200904151510.htm. 16 October 2013.
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  53. Web site: 2 June 2009. Mani Ratnam shoots in Ooty!. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090606212948/http://sify.com/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=14891619. 6 June 2009. Sify.
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