Raad Shakir Explained

Raad Shakir CBE is Professor of Neurology at Imperial College London and a Consultant Neurologist at Charing Cross Hospital.

Early life and education

Shakir was born on December 21, 1948, in Baghdad, Iraq. He began his medical career in Baghdad in 1971, moving to the United Kingdom in 1975 as a research fellow at Glasgow University before completing his neurology training in 1979 at the Institute of Neurological Sciences in Glasgow.

Work

World Federation of Neurology

Shakir was Secretary-Treasurer General of the World Federation of Neurology in 2007.[1] From 2014 to 2018, Shakir was president. His term in office is notable for his focus on regional organisations, supporting the establishment of the African Academy of Neurology in 2015,[2] [3] and the Pan American Federation of Neurological Societies (PAFNS) in Latin America, in 2016.[4]

WHO, ICD-11 and stroke classification

The publication of ICD-7 in 1955 by the World Health Organization (WHO) classified cerebrovascular diseases as a disease of blood vessels and this included stroke.[5] [6] [7] Respective data on mortality and morbidity were counted as vascular diseases similar to any vessel disease. This classification was in contrast to ischaemia of the gut, kidneys or eyes, which are classified as diseases of the affected organ. As stroke was classified as part of the vascular disease section of the ICD, its effects were reported with those of cardiac diseases. As an example, in data published in the WHO European Health Report 2012, stroke is nowhere to be seen.[8] As a consequence, funding for neurological care was lost and governments were unaware of the scale of the problem.[9]

In 2007, the WHO began its review of ICD-10 and the WHO Topic Advisory Group for Neurology was formed.[10] Shakir was nominated in 2009 to chair the WHO Neurosciences Topic Advisory Group.[11]

Between 2009 and 2019, Shakir's chaired the neurology Topic Advisory Group working with experts and organisations on cerebrovascular diseases and collaborating closely with the World Stroke Organization[12] [13] [14] to produce the necessary scientific reasoning as to why cerebrovascular diseases should be moved to the nervous system disease chapter and obtain approval from the cardiology Topic Advisory Group. In a landmark decision the move was approved by the WHO Division of Informatics and Statistics. The new ICD-11 classification of diseases formally lists Stroke as a neurological disorder and not a disorder of the circulatory system[15] [16] [17] and all Strokes are listed as a disease of the nervous system.

WHO and Neurology Atlas

Shakir was actively involved in the joint World Health Organization and World Federation of Neurology production of the Neurology Atlas.[18] [19] The data highlighted the large inequalities in income and resources across world regions and revealed that the available resources for neurological disorders within most countries were insufficient. The Atlas reinforced the need for substantial increases in neurology services and training.

Commander of the British Empire

Shakir was named a Commander of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's New Year Honours list 2021 for Services to Global Neurology[20]

Academic career and positions

Key positions

Honorary positions

Journal editor

Journal reviewer

Publications

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Caroll. William. President's Column: Looking Back and Forward.
  2. Book: Aarli, Johan A.. The History of the World Federation of Neurology: The First 50 Years. July 2014. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-871306-7. 10.1093/med/9780198713067.001.0001.
  3. 2016-06-01. The establishment of the African Academy of Neurology. eNeurologicalSci. en. 3. 15–16. 10.1016/j.ensci.2015.10.001. 2405-6502. 5803072. 29430529. Ndiaye. Mansour. Charway-Felli. Augustina. AFAN Board of Directors.
  4. Medina. Marco T.. Román. Gustavo C.. 2016-07-15. The Pan-American Federation of Neurological Societies: A New Regional Organization. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 366. 195–196. 10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.052. 27288805. 206290848. 0022-510X.
  5. Web site: International Classification of Diseases, Revision 7 (1955): List A. 2021-05-24. www.wolfbane.com.
  6. Web site: ICD-10 Version:2010. 2021-05-24. icd.who.int.
  7. Web site: 2018-06-29. New ICD 11 stroke classification will support global efforts to improve prevention, treatment and outcomes. 2021-05-24. SAFE. en-US.
  8. Web site: The European Health Report 2012: Charting the way to well- being, the World Health Organization. 2021-05-24.
  9. Shakir. Raad. The struggle for stroke reclassification. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2018. en. 14. 8. 447–448. 10.1038/s41582-018-0036-5. 29959393. 49618491. 1759-4766.
  10. Web site: WHO Topic Advisory Group for Neurology. https://web.archive.org/web/20141022142603/http://www.who.int/mental_health/neurology/icd_advisory_group/en/. dead. October 22, 2014. 2021-05-24. WHO.
  11. Book: Aarli, Johan A.. The History of the World Federation of Neurology: The First 50 Years. 2014. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-871306-7. 10.1093/med/9780198713067.001.0001.
  12. Book: World Stroke Organisation Annual Report 2016. World Stroke Organization. 2016. 11.
  13. Hachinski. Vladimir. Donnan. Geoffrey A.. Gorelick. Philip B.. Hacke. Werner. Cramer. Steven C.. Kaste. Markku. Fisher. Marc. Brainin. Michael. Buchan. Alastair M.. Lo. Eng H.. Skolnick. Brett E.. Stroke: Working toward a Prioritized World Agenda. International Journal of Stroke. 2010. en. 5. 4. 238–256. 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00442.x. 1747-4930. 3712839. 20636706.
  14. Fyfe. Ian. 2017-07-14. EAN highlights European success in neurology. Nature Reviews Neurology. en. 13. 9. 512. 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.102. 28708132. 11388635. 1759-4758.
  15. Shakir. Raad. Norrving. Bo. Stroke in ICD-11: the end of a long exile. The Lancet. 2017. 389. 10087. 2373. 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31567-2. 28635606. 23057672. 0140-6736. free.
  16. Web site: 2017-04-30. ICD 11 will finally classify stroke as a neurological disease. 2021-05-24. eanpages. en-GB.
  17. Web site: WFN Media Statement: WHO release of ICD-11 for implementation. 2021-05-24. wfneurology.org. en.
  18. Thakur. Kiran. Tablante. Elizabeth. Harper. Melissa. Shakir. Raad. Bergen. Donna. Dua. Tarun. 2016-04-05. The World Health Organization Atlas 2015: Country Resources for Neurological Disorders (PL01.001). Neurology. en. 86. 16 Supplement. 0028-3878.
  19. Book: Atlas : country resources for neurological disorders. 2017. World Federation of Neurology, World Health Organization. Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. 978-92-4-156550-9. Second. Geneva. 1007843236.
  20. Web site: New Year Honours 2021 - Transparency - GOV.UK. 2021-05-24. assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. en.
  21. Book: Tropical neurology. 1996. Saunders. Raad A. Shakir, Peter K. Newman, Charles M. Poser. 978-0-7020-1922-7. London. 33407163.
  22. Book: Tropical neurology. 2003. Landes Bioscience. U. K. Misra, J. Kalita, Raad A. Shakir. 1-4175-4572-0. Georgetown, Tex.. 56793813.
  23. Web site: Raad Shakir - PubMed. 2021-05-24. PubMed. en.
  24. Web site: Scopus - Shakir, Raa'd A.. 2021-05-24. www.scopus.com.

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