RTKN explained

Rhotekin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTKN gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

This gene encodes a scaffold protein that interacts with GTP-bound Rho proteins. Binding of this protein inhibits the GTPase activity of Rho proteins. This protein may interfere with the conversion of active, GTP-bound Rho to the inactive GDP-bound form by RhoGAP. Rho proteins regulate many important cellular processes, including cytokinesis, transcription, smooth muscle contraction, cell growth and transformation. Dysregulation of the Rho signal transduction pathway has been implicated in many forms of cancer. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.^[3]

Further reading

• Reid T, Furuyashiki T, Ishizaki T, etal . Rhotekin, a new putative target for Rho bearing homology to a serine/threonine kinase, PKN, and rhophilin in the rho-binding domain. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 23 . 13556–60 . 1996 . 8662891 . 10.1074/jbc.271.23.13556 . free .
• Toward a complete human genome sequence. . Genome Res. . 8 . 11 . 1097–108 . 1999 . 9847074 . 10.1101/gr.8.11.1097. Sanger Centre . The . Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente . The . free .
• Fu Q, Yu L, Liu Q, etal . Molecular cloning, expression characterization, and mapping of a novel putative inhibitor of rho GTPase activity, RTKN, to D2S145-D2S286. . Genomics . 66 . 3 . 328–32 . 2000 . 10873388 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6212 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Sharfe N, Freywald A, Toro A, etal . Ephrin stimulation modulates T cell chemotaxis. . Eur. J. Immunol. . 32 . 12 . 3745–55 . 2003 . 12516569 . 10.1002/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3745::AID-IMMU3745>3.0.CO;2-M . free .
• Katoh H, Negishi M . RhoG activates Rac1 by direct interaction with the Dock180-binding protein Elmo. . Nature . 424 . 6947 . 461–4 . 2003 . 12879077 . 10.1038/nature01817 . 2003Natur.424..461K . 4411133 .
• Liu CA, Wang MJ, Chi CW, etal . Overexpression of rho effector rhotekin confers increased survival in gastric adenocarcinoma. . J. Biomed. Sci. . 11 . 5 . 661–70 . 2005 . 15316142 . 10.1159/000079679 . 23706370 .
• Jacinto E, Loewith R, Schmidt A, etal . Mammalian TOR complex 2 controls the actin cytoskeleton and is rapamycin insensitive. . Nat. Cell Biol. . 6 . 11 . 1122–8 . 2004 . 15467718 . 10.1038/ncb1183 . 13831153 .
• Liu CA, Wang MJ, Chi CW, etal . Rho/Rhotekin-mediated NF-kappaB activation confers resistance to apoptosis. . Oncogene . 23 . 54 . 8731–42 . 2005 . 15480428 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1208106 . 34744906 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Fan J, Ma LJ, Xia SJ, etal . Association between clinical characteristics and expression abundance of RTKN gene in human bladder carcinoma tissues from Chinese patients. . J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. . 131 . 3 . 157–62 . 2005 . 15599595 . 10.1007/s00432-004-0638-8 . 20172785 .
• Fernandez-Zapico ME, Gonzalez-Paz NC, Weiss E, etal . Ectopic expression of VAV1 reveals an unexpected role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. . Cancer Cell . 7 . 1 . 39–49 . 2005 . 15652748 . 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.11.024 . free .
• Park JB, Yiu G, Kaneko S, etal . A TNF receptor family member, TROY, is a coreceptor with Nogo receptor in mediating the inhibitory activity of myelin inhibitors. . Neuron . 45 . 3 . 345–51 . 2005 . 15694321 . 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.040 . 86746993 . free .
• Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, etal . High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells. . Science . 307 . 5715 . 1621–5 . 2005 . 15761153 . 10.1126/science.1105776 . 2005Sci...307.1621B . 39457788 .
• Satchi-Fainaro R, Mamluk R, Wang L, etal . Inhibition of vessel permeability by TNP-470 and its polymer conjugate, caplostatin. . Cancer Cell . 7 . 3 . 251–61 . 2005 . 15766663 . 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.007 . free .
• Kukar T, Murphy MP, Eriksen JL, etal . Diverse compounds mimic Alzheimer disease-causing mutations by augmenting Abeta42 production. . Nat. Med. . 11 . 5 . 545–50 . 2005 . 15834426 . 10.1038/nm1235 . 7002047 .
• Kiyan J, Kiyan R, Haller H, Dumler I . Urokinase-induced signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by PDGFR-beta. . EMBO J. . 24 . 10 . 1787–97 . 2005 . 15889147 . 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600669 . 1142599 .
• Ito H, Iwamoto I, Morishita R, etal . Possible role of Rho/Rhotekin signaling in mammalian septin organization. . Oncogene . 24 . 47 . 7064–72 . 2005 . 16007136 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1208862 . 24204558 .

Notes and References

1. Jang W, Weber JS, Harkins EB, Meisler MH . Localization of the rhotekin gene RTKN on the physical maps of mouse chromosome 6 and human chromosome 2p13 and exclusion as a candidate for mnd2 and LGMD2B . Genomics . 40 . 3 . 506–7 . May 1997 . 9073523 . 10.1006/geno.1996.4593 .
2. Reynaud C, Fabre S, Jalinot P . The PDZ protein TIP-1 interacts with the Rho effector rhotekin and is involved in Rho signaling to the serum response element . J Biol Chem . 275 . 43 . 33962–8 . Nov 2000 . 10940294 . 10.1074/jbc.M000465200 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RTKN rhotekin.