RRAS explained

Ras-related protein R-Ras is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAS gene.^{[1] [2]}

Interactions

RRAS has been shown to interact with:

• ARAF,^{[3] [4]}
• Bcl-2,^[5]
• NCK1,^[6]
• RALGDS,^[7] and
• RASSF5.^[8]

Further reading

• Carboni JM, Yan N, Cox AD, Bustelo X, Graham SM, Lynch MJ, Weinmann R, Seizinger BR, Der CJ, Barbacid M . Farnesyltransferase inhibitors are inhibitors of Ras but not R-Ras2/TC21, transformation . Oncogene . 10 . 10 . 1905–13 . 1995 . 7761092 .
• Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR . Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 26 . 12609–13 . 1994 . 7809086 . 45488 . 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609 . 1994PNAS...9112609S . free .
• Fernandez-Sarabia MJ, Bischoff JR . Bcl-2 associates with the ras-related protein R-ras p23 . Nature . 366 . 6452 . 274–5 . 1993 . 8232588 . 10.1038/366274a0 . 1993Natur.366..274F . 4312803 .
• Linnemann T, Geyer M, Jaitner BK, Block C, Kalbitzer HR, Wittinghofer A, Herrmann C . Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of the interaction between the Ras binding domain of AF6 and members of the Ras subfamily . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 19 . 13556–62 . 1999 . 10224125 . 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13556 . free .
• Choy E, Chiu VK, Silletti J, Feoktistov M, Morimoto T, Michaelson D, Ivanov IE, Philips MR . Endomembrane trafficking of ras: the CAAX motif targets proteins to the ER and Golgi . Cell . 98 . 1 . 69–80 . 1999 . 10412982 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80607-8 . 1018802 . free .
• Zou JX, Wang B, Kalo MS, Zisch AH, Pasquale EB, Ruoslahti E . An Eph receptor regulates integrin activity through R-Ras . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 96 . 24 . 13813–8 . 1999 . 10570155 . 24147 . 10.1073/pnas.96.24.13813 . 1999PNAS...9613813Z . free .
• Wang B, Zou JX, Ek-Rylander B, Ruoslahti E . R-Ras contains a proline-rich site that binds to SH3 domains and is required for integrin activation by R-Ras . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 7 . 5222–7 . 2000 . 10671570 . 10.1074/jbc.275.7.5222 . free .
• Suzuki J, Kaziro Y, Koide H . Positive regulation of skeletal myogenesis by R-Ras . Oncogene . 19 . 9 . 1138–46 . 2000 . 10713701 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203402 . free .
• Ohba Y, Mochizuki N, Yamashita S, Chan AM, Schrader JW, Hattori S, Nagashima K, Matsuda M . Regulatory proteins of R-Ras, TC21/R-Ras2, and M-Ras/R-Ras3 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 26 . 20020–6 . 2000 . 10777492 . 10.1074/jbc.M000981200 . free .
• Yuryev A, Ono M, Goff SA, Macaluso F, Wennogle LP . Isoform-specific localization of A-RAF in mitochondria . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 13 . 4870–8 . 2000 . 10848612 . 85938 . 10.1128/MCB.20.13.4870-4878.2000 .
• Oertli B, Han J, Marte BM, Sethi T, Downward J, Ginsberg M, Hughes PE . The effector loop and prenylation site of R-Ras are involved in the regulation of integrin function . Oncogene . 19 . 43 . 4961–9 . 2000 . 11042683 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1203876 . free .
• Tian X, Feig LA . Basis for signaling specificity difference between Sos and Ras-GRF guanine nucleotide exchange factors . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 50 . 47248–56 . 2001 . 11560935 . 10.1074/jbc.M107407200 . free .
• Ortiz-Vega S, Khokhlatchev A, Nedwidek M, Zhang XF, Dammann R, Pfeifer GP, Avruch J . The putative tumor suppressor RASSF1A homodimerizes and heterodimerizes with the Ras-GTP binding protein Nore1 . Oncogene . 21 . 9 . 1381–90 . 2002 . 11857081 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205192 . free .
• Yu Y, Feig LA . Involvement of R-Ras and Ral GTPases in estrogen-independent proliferation of breast cancer cells . Oncogene . 21 . 49 . 7557–68 . 2002 . 12386818 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205961 . free .
• Kwong L, Wozniak MA, Collins AS, Wilson SD, Keely PJ . R-Ras promotes focal adhesion formation through focal adhesion kinase and p130(Cas) by a novel mechanism that differs from integrins . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 3 . 933–49 . 2003 . 12529399 . 140691 . 10.1128/MCB.23.3.933-949.2003 .
• Rincón-Arano H, Rosales R, Mora N, Rodriguez-Castañeda A, Rosales C . R-Ras promotes tumor growth of cervical epithelial cells . Cancer . 97 . 3 . 575–85 . 2003 . 12548599 . 10.1002/cncr.11093 . 22504390 . free .
• Furuhjelm J, Peränen J . The C-terminal end of R-Ras contains a focal adhesion targeting signal . J. Cell Sci. . 116 . Pt 18 . 3729–38 . 2003 . 12890755 . 10.1242/jcs.00689 . free .
• Mitin NY, Ramocki MB, Zullo AJ, Der CJ, Konieczny SF, Taparowsky EJ . Identification and characterization of rain, a novel Ras-interacting protein with a unique subcellular localization . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 21 . 22353–61 . 2004 . 15031288 . 10.1074/jbc.M312867200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Lowe DG, Capon DJ, Delwart E, Sakaguchi AY, Naylor SL, Goeddel DV . Structure of the human and murine R-ras genes, novel genes closely related to ras proto-oncogenes . Cell . 48 . 1 . 137–46 . February 1987 . 3098437 . 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90364-3 . 22622027 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RRAS related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog.
3. Yuryev A, Wennogle LP . Novel raf kinase protein-protein interactions found by an exhaustive yeast two-hybrid analysis . Genomics . 81 . 2 . 112–25 . February 2003 . 12620389 . 10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00008-3.
4. Yuryev A, Ono M, Goff SA, Macaluso F, Wennogle LP . Isoform-specific localization of A-RAF in mitochondria . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 20 . 13 . 4870–8 . July 2000 . 10848612 . 85938 . 10.1128/mcb.20.13.4870-4878.2000.
5. Fernandez-Sarabia MJ, Bischoff JR . Bcl-2 associates with the ras-related protein R-ras p23 . Nature . 366 . 6452 . 274–5 . November 1993 . 8232588 . 10.1038/366274a0 . 1993Natur.366..274F . 4312803 .
6. Wang B, Zou JX, Ek-Rylander B, Ruoslahti E . R-Ras contains a proline-rich site that binds to SH3 domains and is required for integrin activation by R-Ras . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 7 . 5222–7 . February 2000 . 10671570 . 10.1074/jbc.275.7.5222. free .
7. Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR . Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 91 . 26 . 12609–13 . December 1994 . 7809086 . 45488 . 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609. 1994PNAS...9112609S . free .
8. Ortiz-Vega S, Khokhlatchev A, Nedwidek M, Zhang XF, Dammann R, Pfeifer GP, Avruch J . The putative tumor suppressor RASSF1A homodimerizes and heterodimerizes with the Ras-GTP binding protein Nore1 . Oncogene . 21 . 9 . 1381–90 . February 2002 . 11857081 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205192 . free .