40S ribosomal protein S21 explained

40S ribosomal protein S21 is a protein, encoded in humans by the RPS21 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S21E family of ribosomal proteins.

It is located in the cytoplasm. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described, but their existence has not been verified. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Interactions

RPS21 has been shown to interact with Ribosomal protein SA.^{[4] [5]}

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins . Biochemistry and Cell Biology . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Kostanian IA, Astapova MV, Starovoĭtova EV, Dranitsyna SM, Lipkin VM . [A new differentiation factor from culture media of the HL-60 cell line treated with retinoic acid. Isolation and primary structure determination] . Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia . 21 . 4 . 243–8 . Apr 1995 . 7786314 .
• Kostanyan IA, Astapova MV, Starovoytova EV, Dranitsina SM, Lipkin VM . A new human leukemia cell 8.2 kDa differentiation factor: isolation and primary structure . FEBS Letters . 356 . 2–3 . 327–9 . Dec 1994 . 7805865 . 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01306-3 . 43322576 . free .
• Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, Musolyamov AK, Egorov TA, Thiede B, Wittmann-Liebold B, Otto A . Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry . European Journal of Biochemistry . 239 . 1 . 144–9 . Jul 1996 . 8706699 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x . free .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . Sep 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Sato M, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Kaneda Y . Ribosome-associated protein LBP/p40 binds to S21 protein of 40S ribosome: analysis using a yeast two-hybrid system . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 256 . 2 . 385–90 . Mar 1999 . 10079194 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0343 .
• Smirnova EV, Rakitina TV, Evtodienko A, Kostanian IA, Lipkin VM . Cloning and characterization of the human ribosomal protein S21 gene [| journal = Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 392–6 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10900511 ].
• Yoshihama M, Uechi T, Asakawa S, Kawasaki K, Kato S, Higa S, Maeda N, Minoshima S, Tanaka T, Shimizu N, Kenmochi N . The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes . Genome Research . 12 . 3 . 379–90 . Mar 2002 . 11875025 . 155282 . 10.1101/gr.214202 .
• Yu Y, Ji H, Doudna JA, Leary JA . Mass spectrometric analysis of the human 40S ribosomal subunit: native and HCV IRES-bound complexes . Protein Science . 14 . 6 . 1438–46 . Jun 2005 . 15883184 . 2253395 . 10.1110/ps.041293005 .
• Oh JH, Yang JO, Hahn Y, Kim MR, Byun SS, Jeon YJ, Kim JM, Song KS, Noh SM, Kim S, Yoo HS, Kim YS, Kim NS . Transcriptome analysis of human gastric cancer . Mammalian Genome . 16 . 12 . 942–54 . Dec 2005 . 16341674 . 10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2 . 69278 .

Notes and References

1. Bhat KS, Morrison SG . Primary structure of human ribosomal protein S21 . Nucleic Acids Research . 21 . 12 . 2939 . Jun 1993 . 8332502 . 309688 . 10.1093/nar/21.12.2939 .
2. Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, Davis E, Goodman N, Hudson TJ, Tanaka T, Page DC . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes . Genome Research . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . May 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPS21 ribosomal protein S21.
4. Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE . A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome . Cell . 122 . 6 . 957–68 . Sep 2005 . 16169070 . 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 . 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . 8235923 . free .
5. Sato M, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Kaneda Y . Ribosome-associated protein LBP/p40 binds to S21 protein of 40S ribosome: analysis using a yeast two-hybrid system . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 256 . 2 . 385–90 . Mar 1999 . 10079194 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0343 .