60S ribosomal protein L3 explained

60S ribosomal protein L3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL3 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Ribosomes, the complexes that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. The RPL3 gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L3P family of ribosomal proteins and it is located in the cytoplasm. The protein can bind to the HIV-1 TAR mRNA, and it has been suggested that the protein contributes to tat-mediated transactivation. This gene is co-transcribed with several small nucleolar RNA genes, which are located in several of this gene's introns. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Adams MD, Dubnick M, Kerlavage AR, Moreno R, Kelley JM, Utterback TR, Nagle JW, Fields C, Venter JC . Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes . Nature . 355 . 6361 . 632–4 . 1992 . 1538749 . 10.1038/355632a0 . 1992Natur.355..632A . 4234345 .
• Reddy TR, Suhasini M, Rappaport J, Looney DJ, Kraus G, Wong-Staal F . Molecular cloning and characterization of a TAR-binding nuclear factor from T cells . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 11 . 6 . 663–9 . 1995 . 7576925 . 10.1089/aid.1995.11.663 .
• Matoba R, Okubo K, Hori N, Fukushima A, Matsubara K . The addition of 5'-coding information to a 3'-directed cDNA library improves analysis of gene expression . Gene . 146 . 2 . 199–207 . 1994 . 8076819 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90293-3 .
• Van Raay TJ, Connors TD, Klinger KW, Landes GM, Burn TC . A novel ribosomal protein L3-like gene (RPL3L) maps to the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene region . Genomics . 37 . 2 . 172–6 . 1997 . 8921388 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0538 .
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP . The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 . Nature . 402 . 6761 . 489–95 . 1999 . 10591208 . 10.1038/990031 . 1999Natur.402..489D . free .
• Duga S, Asselta R, Malcovati M, Tenchini ML, Ronchi S, Simonic T . The intron-containing L3 ribosomal protein gene (RPL3): sequence analysis and identification of U43 and of two novel intronic small nucleolar RNAs . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1490 . 3 . 225–36 . 2000 . 10684968 . 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00237-7 .
• Uechi T, Tanaka T, Kenmochi N . A complete map of the human ribosomal protein genes: assignment of 80 genes to the cytogenetic map and implications for human disorders . Genomics . 72 . 3 . 223–30 . 2001 . 11401437 . 10.1006/geno.2000.6470 .
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, Leung AK, Lam YW, Steen H, Mann M, Lamond AI . Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus . Curr. Biol. . 12 . 1 . 1–11 . 2002 . 11790298 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . 14132033 . free . 2002CBio...12....1A .
• Odintsova TI, Müller EC, Ivanov AV, Egorov TA, Bienert R, Vladimirov SN, Kostka S, Otto A, Wittmann-Liebold B, Karpova GG . Characterization and analysis of posttranslational modifications of the human large cytoplasmic ribosomal subunit proteins by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing . J. Protein Chem. . 22 . 3 . 249–58 . 2004 . 12962325 . 10.1023/A:1025068419698 . 10710245 .
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G . A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway . Nat. Cell Biol. . 6 . 2 . 97–105 . 2004 . 14743216 . 10.1038/ncb1086 . 11683986 .
• Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I . A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome . Genome Biol. . 5 . 10 . R84 . 2005 . 15461802 . 545604 . 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 . free .
• Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ . Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells . Nat. Biotechnol. . 23 . 1 . 94–101 . 2005 . 15592455 . 10.1038/nbt1046 . 7200157 .
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M . Nucleolar proteome dynamics . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .

Notes and References

1. Ou JH, Yen TS, Wang YF, Kam WK, Rutter WJ . Cloning and characterization of a human ribosomal protein gene with enhanced expression in fetal and neoplastic cells . Nucleic Acids Res . 15 . 21 . 8919–34 . Jan 1988 . 2891103 . 306413 . 10.1093/nar/15.21.8919 .
2. Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, Davis E, Goodman N, Hudson TJ, Tanaka T, Page DC . A Map of 75 Human Ribosomal Protein Genes . . 8 . 5 . 509–523 . May 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPL3 ribosomal protein L3.