POLR2B explained

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2B gene.^{[1] [2]}

This gene encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit, in combination with at least two other polymerase subunits, forms a structure within the polymerase that maintains contact in the active site of the enzyme between the DNA template and the newly synthesized RNA.^[3]

Interactions

POLR2B has been shown to interact with POLR2C,^[4] POLR2E,^[4] POLR2H^[4] and POLR2L.^[4]

Further reading

• Jeang KT . Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription. . J. Biomed. Sci. . 5 . 1 . 24–7 . 1998 . 9570510 . 10.1007/BF02253352 .
• Yankulov K, Bentley D . Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation. . Curr. Biol. . 8 . 13 . R447–9 . 1998 . 9651670 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1 . 15480646 . free . 1998CBio....8.R447Y .
• Romano G . Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression . J. Cell. Biochem. . 75 . 3 . 357–68 . 2000 . 10536359 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K . Kasten M . De Falco G . Micheli . Pietro . Khalili . Kamel . Giordano . Antonio . 43685090 .
• Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M . Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator . IUBMB Life . 51 . 3 . 175–81 . 2002 . 11547919 . 10.1080/152165401753544241 . 10931640 . free .
• Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J . The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention . Med Res Rev . 26 . 5 . 595–625 . 2007 . 16838299 . 10.1002/med.20081 . 7168390 .
• Harrich D . Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets? . Current Drug Targets . 7 . 12 . 1595–606 . 2007 . 17168834 . 10.2174/138945006779025338 . McMillan N . Munoz L . Apolloni . Ann . Meredith . Luke .
• Kato H . HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors . Genes Dev. . 6 . 4 . 655–66 . 1992 . 1559613 . 10.1101/gad.6.4.655 . Sumimoto H . Pognonec P . Chen . C H . Rosen . C A . Roeder . R G . free .
• Southgate C, Zapp ML, Green MR . Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein . Nature . 345 . 6276 . 640–2 . 1990 . 2190099 . 10.1038/345640a0 . 1990Natur.345..640S . 4233742 .
• Zheng XM, Black D, Chambon P, Egly JM . Sequencing and expression of complementary DNA for the general transcription factor BTF3 . Nature . 344 . 6266 . 556–9 . 1990 . 2320128 . 10.1038/344556a0 . 1990Natur.344..556Z . 4227320 .
• Richard Gaynor . Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, Gaynor RB . Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 16 . 7153–7 . 1995 . 7638159 . 10.1073/pnas.92.16.7153 . 41297 . 1995PNAS...92.7153W . free .
• Herrmann CH, Rice AP . Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor . J. Virol. . 69 . 3 . 1612–20 . 1995 . 7853496 . 10.1128/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995. 188757 .
• Andersson B . A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction . Anal. Biochem. . 236 . 1 . 107–13 . 1996 . 8619474 . 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 . Wentland MA . Ricafrente JY . Liu . W . Gibbs . RA .
• Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J . Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 6 . 2505–10 . 1996 . 8637904 . 10.1073/pnas.93.6.2505 . 39827 . 1996PNAS...93.2505K . free .
• Yang X, Herrmann CH, Rice AP . The human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins specifically associate with TAK in vivo and require the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function . J. Virol. . 70 . 7 . 4576–84 . 1996 . 8676484 . 10.1128/JVI.70.7.4576-4584.1996. 190394 .
• Agostini I . The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and binding to TFIIB . J. Mol. Biol. . 261 . 5 . 599–606 . 1996 . 8800208 . 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0485 . Navarro JM . Rey F . Bouhamdan . M . Spire . B . Vigne . R . Sire . J .
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat . Science . 274 . 5287 . 605–10 . 1996 . 8849451 . 10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . 1996Sci...274..605Z . 13266489 .
• Okamoto H . Trans-activation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 21 . 11575–9 . 1996 . 8876177 . 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11575 . 38099 . Sheline CT . Corden JL . Jones . KA . Peterlin . BM . 1996PNAS...9311575O. free .
• Chun RF, Jeang KT . Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 44 . 27888–94 . 1996 . 8910388 . 10.1074/jbc.271.44.27888 . free .

Notes and References

1. Acker J, Wintzerith M, Vigneron M, Kedinger C . Primary structure of the second largest subunit of human RNA polymerase II (or B) . J Mol Biol . 226 . 4 . 1295–9 . October 1992 . 1518060 . 10.1016/0022-2836(92)91071-V .
2. Acker J, Mattei MG, Wintzerith M, Roeckel N, Depetris D, Vigneron M, Kedinger C . Chromosomal localization of human RNA polymerase II subunit genes . Genomics . 20 . 3 . 496–9 . August 1994 . 8034326 . 10.1006/geno.1994.1208 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: POLR2B polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide B, 140kDa.
4. Acker . J . de Graaff M . Cheynel I . Khazak V . Kedinger C . Vigneron M . July 1997 . Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 27 . 16815–21 . UNITED STATES. 0021-9258. 9201987 . 10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815 . free .