Rnd2 Explained

Rnd2 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (to be specific, a GTPase), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases.^[1] It is encoded by the gene RND2.^[2]

Function

It contributes to regulating the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors (Nobes et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM]^[3]

This particular family member has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal morphology and endosomal trafficking.

Clinical significance

The gene localizes to chromosome 17 and is the centromeric neighbor of the breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1.

Interactions

Rnd2 has been shown to interact with:

• ARHGAP5,^[4]
• RACGAP1,^[5] and
• UBXD5.^[6]

Further reading

• Chardin P . Small GTP-binding proteins of the ras family: a conserved functional mechanism? . Cancer Cells . 3 . 4 . 117–26 . 1991 . 1909153 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Smith TM, Lee MK, Szabo CI, Jerome N, McEuen M, Taylor M, Hood L, King MC . Complete genomic sequence and analysis of 117 kb of human DNA containing the gene BRCA1 . Genome Res. . 6 . 11 . 1029–49 . 1997 . 8938427 . 10.1101/gr.6.11.1029 . free .
• Nobes CD, Lauritzen I, Mattei MG, Paris S, Hall A, Chardin P . A New Member of the Rho Family, Rnd1, Promotes Disassembly of Actin Filament Structures and Loss of Cell Adhesion . J. Cell Biol. . 141 . 1 . 187–97 . 1998 . 9531558 . 2132722 . 10.1083/jcb.141.1.187 .
• Tanaka H, Fujita H, Katoh H, Mori K, Negishi M . Vps4-A (vacuolar protein sorting 4-A) is a binding partner for a novel Rho family GTPase, Rnd2 . Biochem. J. . 365 . Pt 2 . 349–53 . 2002 . 11931639 . 1222680 . 10.1042/BJ20020062 .
• Katoh H, Harada A, Mori K, Negishi M . Socius Is a Novel Rnd GTPase-Interacting Protein Involved in Disassembly of Actin Stress Fibers . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 22 . 9 . 2952–64 . 2002 . 11940653 . 133765 . 10.1128/MCB.22.9.2952-2964.2002 .
• Fujita H, Katoh H, Ishikawa Y, Mori K, Negishi M . Rapostlin is a novel effector of Rnd2 GTPase inducing neurite branching . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 47 . 45428–34 . 2003 . 12244061 . 10.1074/jbc.M208090200 . free .
• Naud N, Touré A, Liu J, Pineau C, Morin L, Dorseuil O, Escalier D, Chardin P, Gacon G . Rho family GTPase Rnd2 interacts and co-localizes with MgcRacGAP in male germ cells . Biochem. J. . 372 . Pt 1 . 105–12 . 2003 . 12590651 . 1223378 . 10.1042/BJ20021652 .
• Huda Zoghbi . Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M . Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network . Nature . 437 . 7062 . 1173–8 . 2005 . 16189514 . 10.1038/nature04209 . 2005Natur.437.1173R . 4427026 .
• Kim YS, Hori M, Yasuda K, Ozaki H . Differences in the gestational pattern of mRNA expression of the Rnd family in rat and human myometria . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 142 . 4 . 410–5 . 2006 . 16311049 . 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.028 .
• Tanaka H, Katoh H, Negishi M . Pragmin, a novel effector of Rnd2 GTPase, stimulates RhoA activity . J. Biol. Chem. . 281 . 15 . 10355–64 . 2006 . 16481321 . 10.1074/jbc.M511314200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Ridley AJ . Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking . Trends Cell Biol . 16 . 10 . 522–9 . 2006 . 16949823 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006 . 0962-8924 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RND2 Rho family GTPase 2.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RND1 Rho family GTPase 1.
4. Wennerberg K, Forget MA, Ellerbroek SM, Arthur WT, Burridge K, Settleman J, Der CJ, Hansen SH . Rnd proteins function as RhoA antagonists by activating p190 RhoGAP . Curr. Biol. . 13 . 13 . 1106–15 . Jul 2003 . 12842009 . 10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00418-4. 6918695 . 2003CBio...13.1106W .
5. Naud N, Touré A, Liu J, Pineau C, Morin L, Dorseuil O, Escalier D, Chardin P, Gacon G . Rho family GTPase Rnd2 interacts and co-localizes with MgcRacGAP in male germ cells . Biochem. J. . 372 . Pt 1 . 105–12 . May 2003 . 12590651 . 1223378 . 10.1042/BJ20021652 .
6. Katoh H, Harada A, Mori K, Negishi M . Socius is a novel Rnd GTPase-interacting protein involved in disassembly of actin stress fibers . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 22 . 9 . 2952–64 . May 2002 . 11940653 . 133765 . 10.1128/mcb.22.9.2952-2964.2002.