IBM RS/6000 explained

IBM RISC System/6000
Aka:	IBM RS/6000
Developer:	IBM
Successor:	eServer pSeriesIntelliStation POWERIBM ThinkPad Power Series
Related:	IBM PC Power Series
Processor:	IBM POWER or PowerPC

The RISC System/6000 (RS/6000) is a family of RISC-based Unix servers, workstations and supercomputers made by IBM in the 1990s. The RS/6000 family replaced the IBM RT PC computer platform in February 1990 and is the first computer line to see the use of IBM's POWER and PowerPC based microprocessors. In October 2000, the RS/6000 brand was retired for POWER-based servers and replaced by the eServer pSeries. Workstations continued under the RS/6000 brand until 2002, when new POWER-based workstations were released under the IntelliStation POWER brand.

History

The first RS/6000 models used the Micro Channel bus, later models used PCI. Some later models conformed to the PReP and CHRP standard platforms, which were co-developed with Apple and Motorola, with Open Firmware. The plan was to enable the RS/6000 to run multiple operating systems such as Windows NT, NetWare, OS/2, Solaris, Taligent, AIX and Mac OS but in the end only IBM's Unix variant AIX was used and supported on RS/6000. Linux is widely used on CHRP based RS/6000s, but support was added after the RS/6000 name was changed to eServer pSeries in 2000.

The RS/6000 family also included the POWERserver servers, POWERstation workstations and Scalable POWERparallel supercomputer platform. While most machines were desktops, desksides, or rack-mounted, there were laptop models too. Famous RS/6000s include the PowerPC 604e-based Deep Blue supercomputer that beat world champion Garry Kasparov at chess in 1997, and the POWER3-based ASCI White which was the fastest supercomputer in the world during 20002002.

Architecture

Hardware

Service processor

Many RS/6000 and subsequent pSeries machines came with a service processor, which booted itself when power was applied and continuously ran its own firmware, independent of the operating system. The service processor could call a phone number (via a modem) in case of serious failure with the machine.^[1] Early advertisements and documentation called the service processor "System Guard",^[2] (or SystemGuard^[3]) although this name was apparently dropped later on, roughly around the same time that the simplified RS/6000 name was adopted for the computer line itself.

Late in the RS/6000 cycle, the service processor was "converged" with the one used on the AS/400 machines.^[4]

Software

POWER machines typically ran AIX. Solaris, OS/2 and Windows NT were also ported to PowerPC. Later Linux was also used.

Some AIX systems support IBM Web-based System Manager.

Models

Some models were marketed under the RS/6000 POWERstation and POWERserver names.

Micro Channel-based lines

The early lines were based on an IBM proprietary Micro Channel architecture; the same architecture that was used in the high end PS/2 x86 desktop line. MCA-based lines were produced until 1999.

Type 7006

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced^[5]	Discontinued
41T	PowerPC 601	80	0 or 512 KB	16 to 256 MB	Desktop	1994-06-03^[6]	1997-01-10
41W							1997-07-18^[7]
42T	PowerPC 604	120	0 or 512 KB	Up to 256 MB	Desktop	1995-06-19^[8] ^[9]	1997-09-24
42W

Type 7008

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
M20	POWER1	33		16 to 64 MB	All-in-one	1993-02-02	1995-01-06
M2A^[10]	POWER1	33		16 to 64 MB	All-in-one	1993-02-02	1994-10-26

These workstations were marketed under the PowerStation name.

Type 7009

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
C10	PowerPC 601	80	0 or 1 MB	16 to 256 MB	Desktop	1994-05-24	1997-07-18
C1L	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
C20	PowerPC 604	120	1 MB	16 to 256 MB	Desktop	1995-06-19	1998-01-30

Type 7010

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
150	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
160	PowerPC 603	66	?	8 MB	Xstation	?	?
220	PowerPC 604	120	?	32 MB	?	?	?

This type was for Xstations, IBM's line of X terminal.

Type 7011

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
220	RSC	33		?	Slimline Desktop	1992-01-21	1995-01-06
22G	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
22W	POWER1	33		Up to 64 MB	?	1993-09-21	1996-10-25
223	?	?	?	Up to 64 MB	?	?	?
230	RSC	45	128 KB	?	Slimline Desktop	1993-05-18	1995-01-06
23E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
23S	POWER1	45		?	?	1993-05-18	1994-10-26
23T	POWER1	45		Up to 64 MB	?	1993-05-18	1994-10-26
23W	POWER1	45		Up to 64 MB	?	1993-05-18	1994-10-26
250	PowerPC 601	66/80 ^[11]		16 to 256 MB	Slimline Desktop	1993-09-21	1997-07-18
25E	PowerPC 601	66	?	16 to 256 MB	Planar upgrade (for 220 and 230 families)	?	?
25F	PowerPC 601	80^[12]	?	16 to 256 MB	Planar upgrade (for 220, 230, and 66 MHz 250 families)	?	?
25S	PowerPC 601	66/80	?	Up to 256 MB	?	1993-09-21	1996-10-25
25T	PowerPC 601	66/80	?	Up to 256 MB	?	1993-09-21	1997-07-18
25W	PowerPC 601	66/80	?	Up to 256 MB	?	1993-09-21	1996-10-25

Type 7012 and 7030

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
Type 7012
320	POWER1	20		8 to 32 MB	Desktop	1990-02-15	1992-10-28
32E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
32T	POWER1	20		8 to 64 MB	Tower	?	1992-10-28
32H	POWER1	25		Up to 128 MB	Desktop	1991-03-12	1994-10-26
340	POWER1	33		Up to 256 MB	Desktop	1992-01-21	1994-11-04
34H	POWER1	41.6		Up to 256 MB	Desktop	1993-07-13	1994-10-26
34L	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
34R	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
350	POWER1	41		Up to 128 MB	Desktop	1992-01-21	1993-08-18
355	POWER1	41		?	?	1993-02-02	1994-10-26
35R	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
360	POWER1+	50		Up to 256 MB	Desktop	1993-02-02	1994-11-04
365	POWER1+	50		Up to 128 MB	Desktop	1993-02-02	1994-10-26
36T	POWER1+	50		Up to 256 MB	?	1993-05-18	1994-10-26
370	POWER1++	62.5		Up to 256 MB	?	1993-02-02	1996-05-20
375	POWER1++	62.5		Up to 128 MB	?	1993-02-02	1994-10-26
37T	POWER1++	62.5		Up to 256 MB	?	1993-05-18	1996-05-20
380	POWER2+	59	none/0.5/1 MB	32 to 512 MB	Desktop	1994-05-24	1996-05-20
390	POWER2+	67	1 MB	32 to 512 MB	Desktop	1994-05-24	1997-07-18
397	P2SC	160	?	128 to 1024 MB	Desktop	1997-10-06	1999-03-19
39H	POWER2	67	none/1/2 MB^[13]	64 to 512 MB	Desktop	1995-02-07	1998-01-30
39T	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
G02	?	?	?	?	Tower	?	?
G30	PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)	75	?	32 to 512 MB	Tower	1994-10-04	1996-10-23
G40	PowerPC 604 (2 or 4)	112	0.5 MB per CPU^[14]	64 MB to 1 GB	Tower	1996-07-23	1998-01-08
type 7030
355	POWER1	41	?	?	?	?	?
375	POWER1++	62.5	?	?	?	?	?
37T	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
397	P2SC	160	?	?	Desktop	1997-10-06	1999-01-19
3AT	POWER2+	59		32 to 512 MB	Desktop	1994-05-24	1997-01-10
3BT	POWER2+	67	0.5 or 1 MB	32 to 512 MB	Desktop	1994-05-24	1998-01-08
3CT	POWER2	67	none/1/2 MB^[15]	64 to 512 MB	Desktop	1995-02-07	1998-01-08

The 380, 390, and 39H servers correspond to the 3AT, 3BT, and 3CT workstations.

Type 7013 and 7016

The 7016-730 model was a version of 7013-530 model, but with licensed by Silicon Graphics graphics card.^[16]

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
Type 7013
520	POWER1	20		8 to 128 MB	Deskside	1990-02-15	1992-04-21
52E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
52H	POWER1	25		Up to 512 MB	Deskside	1992-01-21	1995-01-06
530	POWER1	25		16 to 128 MB	Deskside	1990-02-15	1992-01-02
53H	POWER1	33		32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz)	Deskside	1991-10-02	1993-08-18
53E	POWER1 ^[17]	33		32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz)	Deskside	1992-01-21	?
540	POWER1	30		64 to 256 MB	Deskside	1990-02-15	1992-01-02
550	POWER1	41.6		64 MB to 1 GB	Deskside	1990-10-30	1993-08-18
55E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
55L	POWER1	41.6		Up to 256 MB	Deskside	1993-05-18	1994-10-26
55S	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
560	POWER1+	50		Up to 1 GB	Deskside	1992-01-21	1993-12-21
56F	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
570	POWER1+	50		Up to 1 GB	Deskside	1993-02-02	1996-05-20
571	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
57F	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
57L	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
580	POWER1++	62.5		64 MB to 1 GB	Deskside	1992-09-22	1996-05-20
58F	POWER1++ ^[18]	62.5		64 MB to 1 GB	Deskside	1992-11-27	?
58H	POWER2	55.6		64 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1993-09-21	1996-10-25
590	POWER2	66.7		64 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1993-09-21	1997-09-24
591	POWER2	77		64 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1995-07-25	1997-07-18
595	P2SC	135		64 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1996-10-08	1999-01-08
59H	POWER2+	66.7	1 MB	64 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1994-05-24	1997-01-10
J01	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
J30	PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)	75	?	128 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1994-10-04	1996-10-23
J40	PowerPC 604 (2 to 8)	112	1 MB	128 MB to 2 GB	Deskside	1996-08-30	1998-01-08
J50	PowerPC 604e (2 to 8)	200	?	?	Deskside	1997-04-30	1999-01-08
Type 7016
730	POWER1	25		16 to 128 MB	Deskside	1990	?
731	?	?	?	?	?	?	?

Type 7015

Uses a IBM 9309 Rack Enclosure; this a first generation RS/6000 server running AIX. These units were configured by IBM as experimental "NSS" ("Network Switching Subsystem") routers, and used on the NSFnet T3 backbone in the early/mid-90s.

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
920	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
930	POWER1	25		16 to 128 MB	Rack tower	1990-02-15	1992-07-15
950	POWER1	41	?	Up to 512 MB	Rack tower	1991-05-07	1993-12-21
95E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
960	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
970	POWER1+	50	?	Up to 1 GB	Rack tower	1992-04-21	1993-08-18
97B	POWER1+	50	?	?	Rack tower	1993-02-02	1995-01-06
97E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
97F	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
980	POWER1++	62.5		Up to 1 GB	Rack tower	1992-09-22	1993-08-18
98B	POWER1++	62.5	?	?	Rack tower	1993-02-02	1996-05-20
98E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
98F	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
990	POWER2	71.5		128 MB to 2 GB	Rack tower	1993-09-21	1996-05-20
99E	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
99F	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
99J	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
99K	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
R10	POWER1+	50		128 MB to 1 GB	6U racks	1994-05-24	1996-05-20
R20	POWER2+	66	1 MB	128 MB to 2 GB	6U racks	1994-05-24	1998-01-30
R21	POWER2	77	?	?	6U racks	1995-07-25	1996-10-25
R24	POWER2+	71.5	2 MB	128 MB to 2 GB	10U racks	1994-05-24	1998-01-30
R30	PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)	75	?	128 MB to 2 GB	6U racks	1994-10-04	1996-10-23
R40	PowerPC 604 (2 to 8)	112	?	128 MB to 2 GB	6U racks	1996-07-23	1998-01-08
R4U	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
R50	PowerPC 604e (2 to 8)	200	?	Up to 4 GB	6U racks	1997-04-15	2000-08-15
R5U	?	?	?	?	?	?	?

PCI-based lines

Produced since 1994 until the time were the RS/6000 line was rebranded to System P.

Type 7017

Model	CPU	of CPUs	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
S70	RS64	4, 8 or 12	125	?	?	2+ racks	1997-10-31	1999-12-13
	RS64-II		262	?	?		1998-10-05
S7A	RS64-II	4 to 12	262	8 MB	1 to 32 GB	2+ racks	1998-10-23	2000-12-01
S80	RS64-III^[19]	6 to 24	450	8 MB	2 to 64 GB	2+ racks	1999-09-24	2001-08-31
S85	RS64-III / IV	4 to 24	450/600	8/16 MB	2 to 96 GB	Racks	2000-11-17	?

Type 7020

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
0U0	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19
40P^[20]	PowerPC 601	66	?	16 to 192 MB	Desktop	?	?
B1B	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19
B1C	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19
D1D	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19
D2D	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19
D4E	?	?	?	?	Desktop	1995-02-07	1996-01-19
SPE	PowerPC 601	66	?	?	Desktop	1994-10-04	1996-01-19

Type 7024

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
E20	PowerPC 604	100/133	512 KB	16 to 512 MB	Tower	1995-10-10	1997-07-18
	PowerPC 604e	233				1997-04-??	?
E30	PowerPC 604	133/166	?	64 to 1024 MB	Tower	1996-04-23	1999-03-19
	PowerPC 604e	233				1997-04-??	1999-03-19

Type 7025

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
F30	PowerPC 604	133/166	?	Up to 1 GB	Tower	1996-02-20	1998-01-08
F40	PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)	166/233	?	Up to 1 GB	Tower	1996-10-08	2000-05-08
F50	PowerPC 604e (1 to 4)	166/332	256 KB	128 MB to 3 GB	Tower	1997-04-25^[21]	2001-07-17
F80^[22]	RS64-III (1 to 6)	450/500	2/4 MB (SMP)	8/16 GB (SMP)	Deskside	2000-05-09	2001-07-13
F85	?	?	?	?	?	?	?

Type 7026

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
H10	PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)	166/233	?	Up to 1 GB	7U racks	1997-02-14	1998-02-27
H50	PowerPC 604e (1 to 4)	332	?	Up to 3 GB	8U racks	1998-02-20	2000-12-01
H70	RS64-II (1 to 4)	340	?	Up to 8 GB	8U racks	1999-04-23	2001-07-17
H80	RS64-III/IV (1 to 6)	450/500	?	Up to 16 GB	5U racks	2000-06-09	2001-07-13
M80	RS64-III/IV (2 to 8)	500/750	?	?	8U racks	2000-06-09	2002-01-31
B80	?	?	?	?	5U racks	?	?

Type 7043 and 7248

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
Type 7248
43P	PowerPC 604	100/120/132/166^[23]	256/512 KB	16 to 192 MB	Desktop	1995-06-19	1997-07-18
Type 7043
43P-140	PowerPC 604e	166/200/233/332	1 MB	32 to 768 MB	Desktop	1996-10-08	2000-12-01
43P-150	PowerPC 604e	250/375	1 MB	64 MB to 1 GB	Desktop	1998-10-05	2003-12-12
43P-240	PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)	166/233	512 KB/1 MB per CPU^[24]	64 MB to 1 GB	Desktop	1996-10-08	1999-03-19
43P-260	POWER3 (1 or 2)	200	4 MB per CPU	128 MB to 4 GB	Tower	1998-10-05	2000-12-01
43P-270^[25] ^[26]	POWER3-II (up to 4)	200/375/450	4/8 MB per CPU	up to 8 GB	Tower	2000-02-25	2003-09-12

Type 7044 (44P)

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
44P-170	POWER3-II	333/400/450	1/4/8 MB	256 MB to 2 GB	Tower	2000-02-07	2003-12-12
44P-270^[27]	POWER3-II (Up to 4)	375/450	4/8 MB	256 MB to 16 GB	Tower	2000-02-07	2003-09-12

Type 7317

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
F3L^[28]	PowerPC 604	133	512 KB	32 to 960 MB	17U racks	1996-10-08	1999-12-13
	PowerPC 604e	166	1 MB	32 MB to 1 GB
		233	512 KB

Laptops

See main article: IBM ThinkPad Power Series.

Type 7007

The Model N40 was a PowerPC-based laptop developed and manufactured by Tadpole Technology in conjunction with IBM.^[30] It was released on 25 March 1994, priced at US$12,000. The internal batteries could power the system for 45 minutes only and an external battery pack that lasted for 4 hours was available for this reason.^[31]

Type 7249

Model	CPU	MHz	L2/L3 Cache	Memory	Enclosure	Introduced	Discontinued
851	PowerPC 603e	100	256 KB	32 to 96 MB	Laptop	1996-02-20	1996-11-08
860^[32]	PowerPC 603e	166	256 KB	32 to 96 MB	Laptop	1996-10-08	1998-01-30

References

General

• 27 years of IBM RISC

External links

• A Brief History of RISC, the IBM RS/6000 and the IBM eServer pSeries IBM Archives
• IBM RS6000 Support Forum
• RS/6000 Machine Type Models

Notes and References

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20140303025726/http://reg094.cct.lsu.edu/pdf//index.php?pdf=%2Fhardware%2Fp4_660%2F380571.pdf RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model M80, Eserver pSeries 660 Model 6M1. Service Guide
2. Book: IDG Enterprise. Computerworld. 3 April 1995. IDG Enterprise. 61. 0010-4841.
3. IBM RISC System/6000 SMP Servers Architecture and Implementation. November 1995. IBM. SG24-2583-00. https://web.archive.org/web/20150202221736/http://www.informatica.co.cr/unix/research/acrobat/9511.pdf. 2 February 2015.
4. Web site: REDP0195.book. 2016-09-10. Csee.umbc.edu.
5. Web site: RS/6000 Machine Type Models. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131011082506/http://archive.rootvg.net/RSmodels.htm. 11 October 2013. 2016-09-10. Archive.rootvg.net. dmy.
6. Web site: 2010-09-14. 7006-41T IBM RS/6000 Model 41T. 2020-12-13. www-01.ibm.com. en-US.
7. Web site: 2010-09-14. 7006-41W IBM RS/6000 Model 41W. 2020-12-13. www-01.ibm.com. en-US.
8. Web site: 2010-09-14. 7006-42T IBM RS/6000 Workstation Model 42T. 2020-12-13. www-01.ibm.com. en-US.
9. Web site: 2020-12-08. 7006-42W IBM RS/6000 Workstation Model 42W. 2020-12-13. www-01.ibm.com. en-US.
10. Web site: Powerstation * 16MB, Graphics, 33MHz, desktop, S.Hem. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
11. Web site: 7011-250 IBM RS/6000 Model 250. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
12. Web site: How can I get the clock speed of an AIX machine? (Text of DW7410). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130521085211/http://www.sdsc.edu/~sherwint/AIXWeb/AIX/Clock_speeds.html. 21 May 2013. 2016-09-10. Sdsc.edu. dmy.
13. Web site: 7012-39H IBM RS/6000 Model 39H. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
14. Web site: 2015-02-11. 7012-G40 IBM RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model G40. 2021-01-04. www-01.ibm.com. en-US.
15. Web site: 7030-3CT IBM RS/6000 Model 3CT. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
16. Web site: Name. 1990-02-15. IBM'S RS/6000 ANNOUNCEMENTS. 2021-10-17. Tech Monitor. en-US.
17. Model 53E is a special designation for Models 520 and 52H converted to 53H functionality (33 MHz Processor and 33 MHz memory) as on-site upgrade. See US Announcement Letter 192-005
18. Model 58F is a special designation for Models 530H, 550 and 560 converted to Model 580 functionality (62.5 MHz Processor) as on-site upgrade. See US Announcement Letter C92-016
19. The RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model S80 Technology and Architecture. IBM.
20. Web site: 1994-10-04. IBM RISC SYSTEM/6000 MODEL 40P ENTRY WORKSTATION. 2021-10-17. www.ibm.com. en-US.
21. Web site: 7025-F50 IBM RS/6000 Server Model F50. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121007015656/http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=dd&subtype=sm&appname=pseries&htmlfid=897%2FENUS7025-F50. 7 October 2012. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com. dmy.
22. Web site: Stephen Lutz. Shyam Manohar. Scott Vetter. May 9, 2000. RS/6000 7025 Model F80 Technical Overview and Introduction. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110617120122/http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp0033.pdf. 17 June 2011. IBM. dmy-all.
23. Web site: EMEA - IBM RS/6000 43P Series Model 132. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com. 5 October 2004 .
24. Web site: 7043-240 IBM RS/6000 43P Model 240. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
25. Web site: 7043-270 IBM RS/6000 7043 Model 270. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
26. Web site: Workstation/Entry Server * Power3 II 375MHz, 1-4way SMP, 256MB. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
27. Web site: 7044-270 IBM RS/6000 Model 270. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com. 7 June 2016 .
28. Web site: 7317-F3L IBM RS/6000 Telecommunications Server Model F3L. 2016-09-10. 01.ibm.com.
29. Web site: 7007-N40. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110713000903/http://www.ibmmuseum.com/ohlandl/7007/7007-n40.html. 13 July 2011. dmy.
30. Nadel. Brian. May 31, 1994. RISC Workstations on the Go. PC Magazine. 13. 10. 137.
31. Web site: IBM RISC System/6000 N40 Notebook Workstation. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164703/http://ps-2.kev009.com/ohlandl/7007/194-062.txt. 28 March 2018.
32. Web site: Category:860 - ThinkWiki. 2020-12-11. www.thinkwiki.org.