RhoD explained

RhoD (Ras homolog gene family, member D) is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases.^[1] It is encoded by the gene RHOD.^[2]

It binds GTP and is involved in endosome dynamics and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton.^{[2] [3]}

Interactions

RhoD has been shown to interact with CNKSR1^[4] and DIAPH2.^[5]

Further reading

• Ridley AJ . Rho proteins: linking signaling with membrane trafficking . Traffic . 2 . 5 . 303–310 . May 2001 . 11350626 . 10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.002005303.x . 37763952 . free .
• Shimizu F, Watanabe TK, Okuno S, Omori Y, Fujiwara T, Takahashi E, Nakamura Y . Isolation of a novel human cDNA (rhoHP1) homologous to rho genes . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1351 . 1–2 . 13–16 . March 1997 . 9116026 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00008-0 . vanc .
• Kim HS, Choi JY, Jung AR, Jang KL, Lee WH, Choi WC, Crow TJ, Hyun BH . 6 . Assignment of the human RhoHP1 gene (ARHD) to chromosome 11q14.3 by radiation hybrid mapping . Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics . 89 . 1–2 . 53 . 2000 . 10894936 . 10.1159/000015562 . vanc . 84584317 .
• Murphy C, Saffrich R, Olivo-Marin JC, Giner A, Ansorge W, Fotsis T, Zerial M . Dual function of rhoD in vesicular movement and cell motility . European Journal of Cell Biology . 80 . 6 . 391–398 . June 2001 . 11484930 . 10.1078/0171-9335-00173 . vanc .
• Zanata SM, Hovatta I, Rohm B, Püschel AW . Antagonistic effects of Rnd1 and RhoD GTPases regulate receptor activity in Semaphorin 3A-induced cytoskeletal collapse . The Journal of Neuroscience . 22 . 2 . 471–477 . January 2002 . 11784792 . 6758682 . 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00471.2002 .
• Gasman S, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M . RhoD regulates endosome dynamics through Diaphanous-related Formin and Src tyrosine kinase . Nature Cell Biology . 5 . 3 . 195–204 . March 2003 . 12577064 . 10.1038/ncb935 . 17891748 .
• Jaffe AB, Aspenström P, Hall A . Human CNK1 acts as a scaffold protein, linking Rho and Ras signal transduction pathways . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 24 . 4 . 1736–1746 . February 2004 . 14749388 . 344169 . 10.1128/MCB.24.4.1736-1746.2004 .
• Flaxenburg JA, Melter M, Lapchak PH, Briscoe DM, Pal S . The CD40-induced signaling pathway in endothelial cells resulting in the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor involves Ras and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase . Journal of Immunology . 172 . 12 . 7503–7509 . June 2004 . 15187129 . 10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7503 . vanc . free .
• Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, Bose R, Liu Z, Donovan RS, Shinjo F, Liu Y, Dembowy J, Taylor IW, Luga V, Przulj N, Robinson M, Suzuki H, Hayashizaki Y, Jurisica I, Wrana JL . 6 . High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells . Science . 307 . 5715 . 1621–1625 . March 2005 . 15761153 . 10.1126/science.1105776 . vanc . 39457788 . 2005Sci...307.1621B .
• Birukova AA, Chatchavalvanich S, Rios A, Kawkitinarong K, Garcia JG, Birukov KG . Differential regulation of pulmonary endothelial monolayer integrity by varying degrees of cyclic stretch . The American Journal of Pathology . 168 . 5 . 1749–1761 . May 2006 . 16651639 . 1606576 . 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050431 . vanc .
• Ito Y, Kanamaru A, Tada A . A novel agent, methylophiopogonanone B, promotes Rho activation and tubulin depolymerization . Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry . 297 . 1–2 . 121–129 . March 2007 . 17029007 . 10.1007/s11010-006-9336-y . 33688226 .
• Tan W, Martin D, Gutkind JS . The Galpha13-Rho signaling axis is required for SDF-1-induced migration through CXCR4 . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 281 . 51 . 39542–39549 . December 2006 . 17056591 . 10.1074/jbc.M609062200 . free .
• Lakshman N, Kim A, Bayless KJ, Davis GE, Petroll WM . Rho plays a central role in regulating local cell-matrix mechanical interactions in 3D culture . Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton . 64 . 6 . 434–445 . June 2007 . 17342762 . 10.1002/cm.20194 . vanc .

Notes and References

1. Ridley AJ . Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking . Trends in Cell Biology . 16 . 10 . 522–529 . October 2006 . 16949823 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RHOD ras homolog gene family, member D.
3. Nehru V, Voytyuk O, Lennartsson J, Aspenström P . RhoD binds the Rab5 effector Rabankyrin-5 and has a role in trafficking of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor . Traffic . 14 . 12 . 1242–1254 . December 2013 . 24102721 . 10.1111/tra.12121 . 3416403 . free .
4. Jaffe AB, Aspenström P, Hall A . Human CNK1 acts as a scaffold protein, linking Rho and Ras signal transduction pathways . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 24 . 4 . 1736–1746 . February 2004 . 14749388 . 344169 . 10.1128/MCB.24.4.1736-1746.2004 .
5. Gasman S, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M . RhoD regulates endosome dynamics through Diaphanous-related Formin and Src tyrosine kinase . Nature Cell Biology . 5 . 3 . 195–204 . March 2003 . 12577064 . 10.1038/ncb935 . 17891748 .