RGS19 explained

Regulator of G-protein signaling 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS19 gene.^{[1] [2]}

G proteins mediate a number of cellular processes. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the RGS (regulators of G-protein signaling) family and specifically interacts with G protein, GAI3. This protein is a guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functions to down-regulate Galpha i/Galpha q-linked signaling.^[3]

Interactions

RGS19 has been shown to interact with GNAO1,^{[4] [5]} GIPC1,^[6] OSTM1,^[7] GNAI1,^{[4] [5]} GNAI3^{[4] [5]} and GNAZ.^{[4] [8]}

Further reading

• Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG . GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits . Cell . 86 . 3 . 445–452 . 1996 . 8756726 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80117-8 . 12427406 . free .
• De Vries L, Elenko E, Hubler L, etal . GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 93 . 26 . 15203–8 . 1997 . 8986788 . 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . 26381 . 1996PNAS...9315203D . free .
• Ogier-Denis E, Petiot A, Bauvy C, Codogno P . Control of the expression and activity of the Galpha-interacting protein (GAIP) in human intestinal cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 39 . 24599–603 . 1997 . 9305927 . 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24599 . free .
• De Vries L, Elenko E, McCaffery JM, etal . RGS-GAIP, a GTPase-activating protein for Galphai heterotrimeric G proteins, is located on clathrin-coated vesicles . Mol. Biol. Cell . 9 . 5 . 1123–34 . 1998 . 9571244 . 10.1091/mbc.9.5.1123. 25334 .
• Popov S, Yu K, Kozasa T, Wilkie TM . The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) domains of RGS4, RGS10 and GAIP retain GTPase activating protein activity in vitro . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94. 14. 7216–20. 1997. 9207071 . 10.1073/pnas.94.14.7216 . 23796. 1997PNAS...94.7216P. free .
• Wang J, Ducret A, Tu Y, etal . RGSZ1, a Gz-selective RGS protein in brain. Structure, membrane association, regulation by Galphaz phosphorylation, and relationship to a Gz gtpase-activating protein subfamily . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 40 . 26014–25 . 1998 . 9748280 . 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26014 . free .
• De Vries L, Lou X, Zhao G, etal . GIPC, a PDZ domain containing protein, interacts specifically with the C terminus of RGS-GAIP . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 95 . 21 . 12340–5 . 1998 . 9770488 . 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12340 . 22833 . 1998PNAS...9512340D . free .
• Fischer T, Elenko E, McCaffery JM, etal . Clathrin-coated vesicles bearing GAIP possess GTPase-activating protein activity in vitro . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 96 . 12 . 6722–7 . 1999 . 10359779 . 10.1073/pnas.96.12.6722 . 21982 . 1999PNAS...96.6722F . free .
• Woulfe DS, Stadel JM . Structural basis for the selectivity of the RGS protein, GAIP, for Galphai family members. Identification of a single amino acid determinant for selective interaction of Galphai subunits with GAIP . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 25 . 17718–24 . 1999 . 10364213 . 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17718 . free .
• de Alba E, De Vries L, Farquhar MG, Tjandra N . Solution structure of human GAIP (Galpha interacting protein): a regulator of G protein signaling . J. Mol. Biol. . 291 . 4 . 927–39 . 1999 . 10452897 . 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2989 .
• Zheng B, Chen D, Farquhar MG . MIR16, a putative membrane glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, interacts with RGS16 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 8 . 3999–4004 . 2000 . 10760272 . 10.1073/pnas.97.8.3999 . 18131 . 2000PNAS...97.3999Z . free .
• Fischer T, Elenko E, Wan L, etal . Membrane-associated GAIP is a phosphoprotein and can be phosphorylated by clathrin-coated vesicles . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 8 . 4040–5 . 2000 . 10760275 . 10.1073/pnas.97.8.4040 . 18141 . 2000PNAS...97.4040F . free .
• Ogier-Denis E, Pattingre S, El Benna J, Codogno P . Erk1/2-dependent phosphorylation of Galpha-interacting protein stimulates its GTPase accelerating activity and autophagy in human colon cancer cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 50 . 39090–5 . 2001 . 10993892 . 10.1074/jbc.M006198200 . free .
• Ito E, Xie G, Maruyama K, Palmer PP . A core-promoter region functions bi-directionally for human opioid-receptor-like gene ORL1 and its 5'-adjacent gene GAIP . J. Mol. Biol. . 304 . 3 . 259–70 . 2000 . 11090272 . 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4212 .
• Lou X, Yano H, Lee F, etal . GIPC and GAIP form a complex with TrkA: a putative link between G protein and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways . Mol. Biol. Cell . 12 . 3 . 615–27 . 2001 . 11251075 . 10.1091/mbc.12.3.615. 30968 .
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, etal . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20 . Nature . 414 . 6866 . 865–71 . 2002 . 11780052 . 10.1038/414865a . 2001Natur.414..865D . free .
• Ross EM, Wilkie TM . GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins . Annual Review of Biochemistry . 69 . 795–827 . 2000 . 10966476 . 10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.795.
• Sierra DA, Gilbert DJ, Householder D, Grishin NV, Yu K, Ukidwe P, Barker SA, He W, Wensel TG, Otero G, Brown G, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Wilkie TM . Evolution of the regulators of G-protein signaling multigene family in mouse and human . Genomics . 79 . 2 . 177–85 . 2002 . 11829488 . 10.1006/geno.2002.6693 . 16065132 .
• Kirikoshi H, Katoh M . Expression of human GIPC1 in normal tissues, cancer cell lines, and primary tumors . Int. J. Mol. Med. . 9 . 5 . 509–13 . 2002 . 11956658 . 10.3892/ijmm.9.5.509.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Xie GX, Han X, Ito E, etal . Gene structure, dual-promoters and mRNA alternative splicing of the human and mouse regulator of G protein signaling GAIP/RGS19 . J. Mol. Biol. . 325 . 4 . 721–32 . 2003 . 12507475 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01283-4 .
• Fischer T, De Vries L, Meerloo T, Farquhar MG . Promotion of G alpha i3 subunit down-regulation by GIPN, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with RGS-GAIP . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 100 . 14 . 8270–5 . 2003 . 12826607 . 10.1073/pnas.1432965100 . 166218 . 2003PNAS..100.8270F . free .

Notes and References

1. De Vries L, Mousli M, Wurmser A, Farquhar MG . GAIP, a protein that specifically interacts with the trimeric G protein G alpha i3, is a member of a protein family with a highly conserved core domain . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 92 . 25 . 11916–20 . January 1996 . 8524874 . 40514 . 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11916 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RGS19 regulator of G-protein signalling 19.
3. Berman DM, Wilkie TM, Gilman AG . GAIP and RGS4 are GTPase-activating proteins for the Gi subfamily of G protein alpha subunits . Cell . 86 . 3 . 445–452 . 1996 . 8756726 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80117-8 . 12427406 . free .
4. De Vries . L . Elenko E . Hubler L . Jones T L . Farquhar M G . Dec 1996 . GAIP is membrane-anchored by palmitoylation and interacts with the activated (GTP-bound) form of G alpha i subunits . . 93 . 26 . 15203–8 . UNITED STATES. 0027-8424. 8986788 . 1996PNAS...9315203D . 10.1073/pnas.93.26.15203 . 26381 . free .
5. Woulfe . D S . Stadel J M . June 1999 . Structural basis for the selectivity of the RGS protein, GAIP, for Galphai family members. Identification of a single amino acid determinant for selective interaction of Galphai subunits with GAIP . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 25 . 17718–24 . UNITED STATES. 0021-9258. 10364213 . 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17718 . free .
6. Lou . X . Yano H . Lee F . Chao M V . Farquhar M G . March 2001 . GIPC and GAIP form a complex with TrkA: a putative link between G protein and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways . Mol. Biol. Cell . 12 . 3 . 615–27 . United States. 1059-1524. 11251075 . 30968 . 10.1091/mbc.12.3.615.
7. Fischer . Thierry . De Vries Luc . Meerloo Timo . Farquhar Marilyn Gist . July 2003 . Promotion of G alpha i3 subunit down-regulation by GIPN, a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with RGS-GAIP . . 100 . 14 . 8270–5 . United States. 0027-8424. 12826607 . 10.1073/pnas.1432965100 . 2003PNAS..100.8270F . 166218 . free .
8. Fan . X . Brass L F . Poncz M . Spitz F . Maire P . Manning D R . October 2000 . The alpha subunits of Gz and Gi interact with the eyes absent transcription cofactor Eya2, preventing its interaction with the six class of homeodomain-containing proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 41 . 32129–34 . UNITED STATES. 0021-9258. 10906137 . 10.1074/jbc.M004577200 . free .