RFE Phonetic Alphabet explained

The RFE Phonetic Alphabet, named for a journal of philology, the Spanish; Castilian: label=none|[[Revista de Filología Española]]|lit=Review of Spanish Philology (RFE), is a phonetic alphabet originally developed in 1915 for the languages and dialects of Iberian origin, primarily Spanish. The alphabet was proposed by Tomás Navarro Tomás and adopted by the Spanish; Castilian: label=none|Centro de Estudios Históricos|lit=Center of Historical Studies in Madrid for the RFE and by the Spanish; Castilian: label=none|Instituto de Filología de Buenos Aires|lit=Institute of Philology of Buenos Aires.[1] It is used solely in works based on Hispanic themes, such as the Spanish; Castilian: label=none|Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica|lit=[[Linguistic Atlas of the Iberian Peninsula]] (ALPI), as well as phonetics manuals. Additionally, this phonetic alphabet is taught at the universities of Spanish-speaking countries such as Mexico.[2]

Symbols

Bilabial consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
b Spanish; Castilian: bondad bon̹dáđ̥ pronounced as /b/
p Spanish; Castilian: padre páđre pronounced as /p/
m Spanish; Castilian: amar amár pronounced as /m/
m̥ Spanish; Castilian: mismo (And.) mím̥mo pronounced as /m̥/
ƀ Spanish; Castilian: haba áƀa pronounced as /β/
ƀ̥ Spanish; Castilian: las botas (And.) la ƀ̥ótah pronounced as /ɸ/
Labiodental consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
m̭ Spanish; Castilian: confuso kom̭fúṡo pronounced as /ɱ/
f Spanish; Castilian: fácil fáθįl pronounced as /f/
v Spanish; Castilian: vida (emphatic) víđa pronounced as /v/
Interdental consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
ḍ Spanish; Castilian: cruz divina (emphatic)krúẓ ḍiƀína pronounced as /d̪͆/
ṭ Spanish; Castilian: hazte acá áθṭe aká pronounced as /t̪͆/
ṇ Spanish; Castilian: onza óṇθa pronounced as /n̪͆/
ẓ Spanish; Castilian: juzgar xųẓǥár
θ Spanish; Castilian: mozo móθo pronounced as /θ̪͆/
đ Spanish; Castilian: rueda r̄wéđa pronounced as /ð̪͆/
đ Spanish; Castilian: tomado tomáđo Interdental approximant pronounced as /ð̞/
đ̥ Spanish; Castilian: verdad bęrđáđ̥ Voiceless interdental approximant pronounced as /θ̞/
ḷ Spanish; Castilian: calzado kaḷθađo pronounced as /l̪͆/
Dental consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
d Spanish; Castilian: ducho dúĉo pronounced as /d̪/
t Spanish; Castilian: tomar tomáɹ pronounced as /t̪/
n̹ Spanish; Castilian: monte món̹te pronounced as /n̪/
z̹ Spanish; Castilian: desde déz̹đe pronounced as /ð/
s̹ Spanish; Castilian: hasta ás̹ta pronounced as /θ/
l̹ Spanish; Castilian: falda fál̹da pronounced as /l̪/
Alveolar consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
n Spanish; Castilian: mano mã́no pronounced as /n/
n̥ Spanish; Castilian: asno (And.) án̥no pronounced as /n̥/
ŝ Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: chobu (W.Ast.) ŝóƀu pronounced as /ʦ/
z Spanish; Castilian: los días (Mex.) lo zíah
s Spanish; Castilian: rosa (And.) r̄osa
ż Spanish; Castilian: rasgar r̄ażǥáɹ pronounced as /z/
ṡ Spanish; Castilian: casa káṡa pronounced as /s/
l Spanish; Castilian: luna lúna pronounced as /l/
l̥ Spanish; Castilian: muslo (And.) mųl̥lo pronounced as /l̥/
r Spanish; Castilian: hora ǫ́ra pronounced as /ɾ/
r̥ Spanish; Castilian: multitud mųr̥titú pronounced as /ɾ̥/
r̄ Spanish; Castilian: carro kár̄o pronounced as /r/
ɹ Spanish; Castilian: color kolǫ́ɹ pronounced as /ɹ/
ɹ̊ Spanish; Castilian: trigo (Mex.) tɹ̊íǥo pronounced as /ɹ̥/
ɹ̱ Spanish; Castilian: honra (Chil.),
Spanish; Castilian: pondré (Mex.) 		ónɹ̱a,
põɹ̱é 		Geminated voiced alveolar approximant [{{IPA|ɹː}}]
ɹ̱̊ Spanish; Castilian: perro (Chil.) pę́ɹ̱̊o / pę́ɹ̱o Geminated voiceless alveolar approximant [{{IPA|ɹ̥ː}}]
Prepalatal consonant
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
n̮ Spanish; Castilian: año án̮o ɲ
ŷ Spanish; Castilian: yugo ŷúǥo pronounced as /ɟ͡ʝ/
ĉ Spanish; Castilian: mucho múĉo pronounced as /ʧ/
ž Spanish; Castilian: mayo (Arg.) mažo pronounced as /ʒ/
š Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: rexa (Ast.) r̄eša pronounced as /ʃ/
y Spanish; Castilian: mayo máyo pronounced as /ʝ/
ẙ Spanish; Castilian: jefe (Chil.) ẙefe / ẙjéfe
j Spanish; Castilian: nieto njéto pronounced as /j/
j̊ Spanish; Castilian: inquieto iŋ́ḱj̊éto / iŋ́ḱj̊eto
l̮ Spanish; Castilian: castillo kas̹tíl̮o pronounced as /ʎ/
ÿ Spanish; Castilian: subyugar sųƀÿuǥáɹ
Pospalatal consonants
RFEExampleTranscription
ǵ Spanish; Castilian: guitarra ǵitár̄a
ḱ Spanish; Castilian: quimera ḱiméra
ŋ́ Spanish; Castilian: inquirir iŋ́ḱirír
ǥ́ Spanish; Castilian: seguir ṡeǥ́iɹ
x́ Spanish; Castilian: regir r̄ex́ír
Velar consonants
RFEExampleTranscriptionConsonantIPA
g Spanish; Castilian: gustar gųs̹táɹ pronounced as /g/
k Spanish; Castilian: casa káṡa pronounced as /k/
ŋ Spanish; Castilian: nunca nṹŋkaVelar nasalpronounced as /ŋ/
ǥ Spanish; Castilian: rogar r̄oǥárVoiced velar fricativepronounced as /ɣ/
x Spanish; Castilian: jamás xamás pronounced as /x/
ł Catalan; Valencian: malalt (Cat.) məlạł pronounced as /ɫ/
w Spanish; Castilian: hueso wéṡo pronounced as /w/
w̥ Spanish; Castilian: fuera (esp. enf.) fw̥éra pronounced as /ʍ/
Uvular consonants
RFEExampleTranscription
ŋ̇ Spanish; Castilian: don Juan doŋ̇ ẋwán
ǥ̇ Spanish; Castilian: aguja aǥ̇úxa
ẋ Spanish; Castilian: enjuagar eŋ̇ẋwaǥár
Vowels
RFEDescription
į ę ǫ ų Lowered
i e a o u Unmarked vowels
ẹ ọ Raised
ą Fronted pronounced as /a/
ạ Backed pronounced as /a/
ǫ̈ Labialized ę
ö Labialized e
ų̈ Labialized į
ü Labialized i
ə Schwa
ĩ ã ũ õ, etc. Nasalized vowels
á ó ę́ ã́ Vowels with stress marker
aː oː lː sː mː nː, etc. Long (Vowel Length or Gemination)
đ đ̥, etc. Reduced sounds

Sources

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Pop 1950
  2. Cuétara Priede 2004, p. 46

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