RFC2 explained

Replication factor C subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RFC2 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and replication factor C (RFC). RFC, also called activator 1, is a protein complex consisting of five distinct subunits of 145, 40, 38, 37, and 36.5 kD. This gene encodes the 40 kD subunit, which has been shown to be responsible for binding ATP. Deletion of this gene has been associated with Williams syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.

Interactions

RFC2 has been shown to interact with BRD4,^[4] CHTF18,^{[5] [6]} PCNA,^{[7] [8] [9]} RFC4^{[7] [10]} and RFC5.^{[7] [10]}

Further reading

• Pan ZQ, Chen M, Hurwitz J . The subunits of activator 1 (replication factor C) carry out multiple functions essential for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen-dependent DNA synthesis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 90 . 1 . 6–10 . Jan 1993 . 8093561 . 45588 . 10.1073/pnas.90.1.6 . 1993PNAS...90....6P . free .
• Peoples R, Perez-Jurado L, Wang YK, Kaplan P, Francke U . The gene for replication factor C subunit 2 (RFC2) is within the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome deletion . American Journal of Human Genetics . 58 . 6 . 1370–3 . Jun 1996 . 8651315 . 1915059 .
• Uhlmann F, Cai J, Flores-Rozas H, Dean FB, Finkelstein J, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J . In vitro reconstitution of human replication factor C from its five subunits . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 . 13 . 6521–6 . Jun 1996 . 8692848 . 39056 . 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6521 . 1996PNAS...93.6521U . free .
• Osborne LR, Martindale D, Scherer SW, Shi XM, Huizenga J, Heng HH, Costa T, Pober B, Lew L, Brinkman J, Rommens J, Koop B, Tsui LC . Identification of genes from a 500-kb region at 7q11.23 that is commonly deleted in Williams syndrome patients . Genomics . 36 . 2 . 328–36 . Sep 1996 . 8812460 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0469 . free .
• Cujec TP, Cho H, Maldonado E, Meyer J, Reinberg D, Peterlin BM . The human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat interacts with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 17 . 4 . 1817–23 . Apr 1997 . 9121429 . 232028 . 10.1128/MCB.17.4.1817.
• Cai J, Gibbs E, Uhlmann F, Phillips B, Yao N, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J . A complex consisting of human replication factor C p40, p37, and p36 subunits is a DNA-dependent ATPase and an intermediate in the assembly of the holoenzyme . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 30 . 18974–81 . Jul 1997 . 9228079 . 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18974 . free .
• Ellison V, Stillman B . Reconstitution of recombinant human replication factor C (RFC) and identification of an RFC subcomplex possessing DNA-dependent ATPase activity . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 10 . 5979–87 . Mar 1998 . 9488738 . 10.1074/jbc.273.10.5979 . free .
• Zhang G, Gibbs E, Kelman Z, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J . Studies on the interactions between human replication factor C and human proliferating cell nuclear antigen . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 96 . 5 . 1869–74 . Mar 1999 . 10051561 . 26703 . 10.1073/pnas.96.5.1869 . 1999PNAS...96.1869Z . free .
• Wang Y, Cortez D, Yazdi P, Neff N, Elledge SJ, Qin J . BASC, a super complex of BRCA1-associated proteins involved in the recognition and repair of aberrant DNA structures . Genes & Development . 14 . 8 . 927–39 . Apr 2000 . 10783165 . 316544 . 10.1101/gad.14.8.927 .
• Martindale DW, Wilson MD, Wang D, Burke RD, Chen X, Duronio V, Koop BF . Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Williams syndrome region (LIMK1-RFC2) of human chromosome 7q11.23 . Mammalian Genome . 11 . 10 . 890–8 . Oct 2000 . 11003705 . 10.1007/s003350010166 . 8575994 .
• Griffith JD, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Sancar A . Structures of the human Rad17-replication factor C and checkpoint Rad 9-1-1 complexes visualized by glycerol spray/low voltage microscopy . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 18 . 15233–6 . May 2002 . 11907025 . 10.1074/jbc.C200129200 . free .
• Nieborowska-Skorska M, Hoser G, Kossev P, Wasik MA, Skorski T . Complementary functions of the antiapoptotic protein A1 and serine/threonine kinase pim-1 in the BCR/ABL-mediated leukemogenesis . Blood . 99 . 12 . 4531–9 . Jun 2002 . 12036885 . 10.1182/blood.V99.12.4531 . free .
• Ohta S, Shiomi Y, Sugimoto K, Obuse C, Tsurimoto T . A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 43 . 40362–7 . Oct 2002 . 12171929 . 10.1074/jbc.M206194200 . free .
• Maruyama T, Farina A, Dey A, Cheong J, Bermudez VP, Tamura T, Sciortino S, Shuman J, Hurwitz J, Ozato K . A Mammalian bromodomain protein, brd4, interacts with replication factor C and inhibits progression to S phase . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 22 . 18 . 6509–20 . Sep 2002 . 12192049 . 135621 . 10.1128/MCB.22.18.6509-6520.2002 .
• Merkle CJ, Karnitz LM, Henry-Sánchez JT, Chen J . Cloning and characterization of hCTF18, hCTF8, and hDCC1. Human homologs of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex involved in sister chromatid cohesion establishment . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 32 . 30051–6 . Aug 2003 . 12766176 . 10.1074/jbc.M211591200 . free .
• Bermudez VP, Maniwa Y, Tappin I, Ozato K, Yokomori K, Hurwitz J . The alternative Ctf18-Dcc1-Ctf8-replication factor C complex required for sister chromatid cohesion loads proliferating cell nuclear antigen onto DNA . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 . 18 . 10237–42 . Sep 2003 . 12930902 . 193545 . 10.1073/pnas.1434308100 . 2003PNAS..10010237B . free .

Notes and References

1. Chen M, Pan ZQ, Hurwitz J . Sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of the 40-kDa subunit of activator 1 (replication factor C) of HeLa cells . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 89 . 7 . 2516–20 . Apr 1992 . 1313560 . 48692 . 10.1073/pnas.89.7.2516 . 1992PNAS...89.2516C . free .
2. Okumura K, Nogami M, Taguchi H, Dean FB, Chen M, Pan ZQ, Hurwitz J, Shiratori A, Murakami Y, Ozawa K . Assignment of the 36.5-kDa (RFC5), 37-kDa (RFC4), 38-kDa (RFC3), and 40-kDa (RFC2) subunit genes of human replication factor C to chromosome bands 12q24.2-q24.3, 3q27, 13q12.3-q13, and 7q11.23 . Genomics . 25 . 1 . 274–8 . Jan 1995 . 7774928 . 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80135-9 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RFC2 replication factor C (activator 1) 2, 40kDa.
4. Maruyama T, Farina A, Dey A, Cheong J, Bermudez VP, Tamura T, Sciortino S, Shuman J, Hurwitz J, Ozato K . A Mammalian bromodomain protein, brd4, interacts with replication factor C and inhibits progression to S phase . Molecular and Cellular Biology . 22 . 18 . 6509–20 . Sep 2002 . 12192049 . 135621 . 10.1128/MCB.22.18.6509-6520.2002 .
5. Bermudez VP, Maniwa Y, Tappin I, Ozato K, Yokomori K, Hurwitz J . The alternative Ctf18-Dcc1-Ctf8-replication factor C complex required for sister chromatid cohesion loads proliferating cell nuclear antigen onto DNA . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 100 . 18 . 10237–42 . Sep 2003 . 12930902 . 193545 . 10.1073/pnas.1434308100 . 2003PNAS..10010237B . free .
6. Merkle CJ, Karnitz LM, Henry-Sánchez JT, Chen J . Cloning and characterization of hCTF18, hCTF8, and hDCC1. Human homologs of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex involved in sister chromatid cohesion establishment . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 278 . 32 . 30051–6 . Aug 2003 . 12766176 . 10.1074/jbc.M211591200 . free .
7. Cai J, Gibbs E, Uhlmann F, Phillips B, Yao N, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J . A complex consisting of human replication factor C p40, p37, and p36 subunits is a DNA-dependent ATPase and an intermediate in the assembly of the holoenzyme . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 272 . 30 . 18974–81 . Jul 1997 . 9228079 . 10.1074/jbc.272.30.18974 . free .
8. Pan ZQ, Chen M, Hurwitz J . The subunits of activator 1 (replication factor C) carry out multiple functions essential for proliferating-cell nuclear antigen-dependent DNA synthesis . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 90 . 1 . 6–10 . Jan 1993 . 8093561 . 45588 . 10.1073/pnas.90.1.6 . 1993PNAS...90....6P . free .
9. Ohta S, Shiomi Y, Sugimoto K, Obuse C, Tsurimoto T . A proteomics approach to identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-binding proteins in human cell lysates. Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 277 . 43 . 40362–7 . Oct 2002 . 12171929 . 10.1074/jbc.M206194200 . free .
10. Cai J, Yao N, Gibbs E, Finkelstein J, Phillips B, O'Donnell M, Hurwitz J . ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by human replication factor C requires participation of multiple subunits . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 95 . 20 . 11607–12 . Sep 1998 . 9751713 . 21688 . 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11607 . 1998PNAS...9511607C . free .