| RD-855 (РД-855) | |
| Country Of Origin: | Soviet Union |
| First Date: | December 16, 1965 |
| Last Date: | January 30, 2009 |
| Designer: | Yuzhnoye Design Bureau |
| Manufacturer: | Yuzhmash |
| Purpose: | Vernier |
| Associated: | R-36, Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 |
| Status: | Out of production |
| Type: | liquid |
| Fuel: | UDMH |
| Mixture Ratio: | 1.97 |
| Cycle: | Gas generator |
| Combustion Chamber: | 4 |
| Thrust(Vac): | 328kN |
| Thrust(Sl): | 285.4kN |
| Chamber Pressure: | 6.57MPa |
| Specific Impulse Vacuum: | 292isp |
| Specific Impulse Sea Level: | 254isp |
| Burn Time: | Up to 127s |
| Restarts: | 1 |
| Gimbal: | ±41° |
| Length: | 1.74m (05.71feet) |
| Diameter: | 3.81m (12.5feet) |
| Dry Weight: | 320kg (710lb) |
| Used In: | R-36, Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 first stage vernier |
The RD-855 (GRAU Index 8D68M), also known as the RD-68M, is a liquid-fueled rocket engine with four nozzles. As a vernier engine, it provides fine steering adjustments for rockets. It is powered by a combination of N2O4, an oxidizer, and UDMH, a propellant. This combination is hypergolic, meaning the two substances ignite on contact, eliminating the need for an external ignition source.
The RD-855 can orient its chambers within a range of ±42° using hydraulic cylinders. Each chamber on the Tsyklon rockets is protected by an aerodynamic cover, and these covers are equipped with small retro-rockets allowing for separation from the second stage.
The RD-855 utilizes the gas generator cycle, in which a portion of the propellant is burned in a pre-burner to produce hot gases that drive the engine's turbopumps, and then the gases are discarded without passing through the main combustion chamber.
It played a key role in rockets such as the R-36, Tsyklon-2, and Tsyklon-3, steering these rockets by adjusting its nozzles. The engine is housed in a cylindrical structure that surrounds the primary RD-251 engine. This arrangement provides protection for the nozzles and ensures the successful detachment of the rocket's first stage. The RD-855 is activated two seconds before the main RD-251 engine.
Manufactured from 1965 to 1992, the RD-855's inaugural flight was on December 16, 1965, aboard the R-36 missile. Its most recent known flight was on January 30, 2009, with the Tsyklon-3. Although there were plans to restart its production for the Tsyklon-4, the engine remains out of production following the potential discontinuation of the program.