RAR-related orphan receptor beta explained

RAR-related orphan receptor beta (ROR-beta), also known as NR1F2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group F, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RORB gene.^[1]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It is a DNA-binding protein that can bind as a monomer or as a homodimer to hormone response elements upstream of several genes to enhance the expression of those genes. The specific functions of this protein are not known, but it has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside-diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation.^[2]

In the brain, ROR-beta is concentrated in layer 4 of the cerebral cortex, where it plays a role in the development of structures such as barrel columns.^[3]

A mutation in this gene also results in the loss of spinal cord interneurons and of saltatorial locomotion,^[4] a type of hopping gait that in mammals can be found in rabbits, hares, kangaroos, and some species of rodents.

Interactions

RAR-related orphan receptor beta has been shown to interact with NME1.^[5]

See also

• RAR-related orphan receptor

Further reading

• Beeson WM, Perry TW, Zurcher TD . Effect of supplemental zinc on growth and on hair and blood serum levels of beef cattle . Journal of Animal Science . 45 . 1 . 160–165 . July 1977 . 885817 . 10.2527/jas1977.451160x .
• Carlberg C, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Staple JK, DeLamarter JF, Becker-André M . RZRs, a new family of retinoid-related orphan receptors that function as both monomers and homodimers . Molecular Endocrinology . 8 . 6 . 757–770 . June 1994 . 7935491 . 10.1210/mend.8.6.7935491 . 22342101 . free .
• Greiner EF, Kirfel J, Greschik H, Dörflinger U, Becker P, Mercep A, Schüle R . Functional analysis of retinoid Z receptor beta, a brain-specific nuclear orphan receptor . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 . 19 . 10105–10110 . September 1996 . 8816759 . 38344 . 10.1073/pnas.93.19.10105 . free . 1996PNAS...9310105G .
• Paravicini G, Steinmayr M, André E, Becker-André M . The metastasis suppressor candidate nucleotide diphosphate kinase NM23 specifically interacts with members of the ROR/RZR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 227 . 1 . 82–87 . October 1996 . 8858107 . 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1471 .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery . Genome Research . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . September 1996 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Park HT, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Kim JJ . Developmental expression of 'RZR beta, a putative nuclear-melatonin receptor' mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat . Neuroscience Letters . 217 . 1 . 17–20 . October 1996 . 8905729 . 10.1016/S0304-3940(96)13060-3 . 2024-07-25 .
• André E, Conquet F, Steinmayr M, Stratton SC, Porciatti V, Becker-André M . Disruption of retinoid-related orphan receptor beta changes circadian behavior, causes retinal degeneration and leads to vacillans phenotype in mice . The EMBO Journal . 17 . 14 . 3867–3877 . July 1998 . 9670004 . 1170722 . 10.1093/emboj/17.14.3867 .
• Greiner EF, Kirfel J, Greschik H, Huang D, Becker P, Kapfhammer JP, Schüle R . Differential ligand-dependent protein-protein interactions between nuclear receptors and a neuronal-specific cofactor . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 97 . 13 . 7160–7165 . June 2000 . 10860982 . 16516 . 10.1073/pnas.97.13.7160 . free . 2000PNAS...97.7160G .
• Gawlas K, Stunnenberg HG . Differential binding and transcriptional behaviour of two highly related orphan receptors, ROR alpha(4) and ROR beta(1) . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression . 1494 . 3 . 236–241 . December 2000 . 11121580 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00237-2 .
• Gawlas K, Stunnenberg HG . Differential transcription of the orphan receptor RORbeta in nuclear extracts derived from Neuro2A and HeLa cells . Nucleic Acids Research . 29 . 16 . 3424–3432 . August 2001 . 11504880 . 55847 . 10.1093/nar/29.16.3424 .
• Stehlin C, Wurtz JM, Steinmetz A, Greiner E, Schüle R, Moras D, Renaud JP . X-ray structure of the orphan nuclear receptor RORbeta ligand-binding domain in the active conformation . The EMBO Journal . 20 . 21 . 5822–5831 . November 2001 . 11689423 . 125710 . 10.1093/emboj/20.21.5822 .
• Sumi Y, Yagita K, Yamaguchi S, Ishida Y, Kuroda Y, Okamura H . Rhythmic expression of ROR beta mRNA in the mice suprachiasmatic nucleus . Neuroscience Letters . 320 . 1–2 . 13–16 . March 2002 . 11849752 . 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00011-3 . free . 54411407 . 20.500.14094/D1002462 .
• Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R . All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta . Nature Structural Biology . 10 . 10 . 820–825 . October 2003 . 12958591 . 10.1038/nsb979 . 10108247 .

Notes and References

1. Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G . Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors . Genes & Development . 8 . 5 . 538–553 . March 1994 . 7926749 . 10.1101/gad.8.5.538 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RORB RAR-related orphan receptor B.
3. Jabaudon D, Shnider SJ, Tischfield DJ, Galazo MJ, Macklis JD . RORβ induces barrel-like neuronal clusters in the developing neocortex . Cerebral Cortex . 22 . 5 . 996–1006 . May 2012 . 21799210 . 3328343 . 10.1093/cercor/bhr182 .
4. Carneiro M, Vieillard J, Andrade P, Boucher S, Afonso S, Blanco-Aguiar JA, Santos N, Branco J, Esteves PJ, Ferrand N, Kullander K, Andersson L . A loss-of-function mutation in RORB disrupts saltatorial locomotion in rabbits . PLOS Genetics . 17 . 3 . e1009429 . March 2021 . 33764968 . 7993613 . 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009429 . free .
5. Paravicini G, Steinmayr M, André E, Becker-André M . The metastasis suppressor candidate nucleotide diphosphate kinase NM23 specifically interacts with members of the ROR/RZR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 227 . 1 . 82–87 . October 1996 . 8858107 . 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1471 .