RAF Balloon Command explained

Unit Name:	Balloon Command
Start Date:	1 November 1938
End Date:	February 1945
Motto:	Vi Et Ictu (Latin: By Force and Impact).^[1]
Battles:	World War II

Balloon Command was the Royal Air Force command which was responsible for controlling all the United Kingdom-based barrage balloon units during the Second World War.

History

Prior to the establishment of Balloon Command, a balloon group was brought into being in 1937. This smaller formation was known as No. 30 (Balloon Barrage) Group and was commanded by Air Commodore John Hearson.^[2] Balloon Command was formed on 1 November 1938 at RAF Stanmore Park in Middlesex.^[3] It consisted of a headquarters and several groups. Balloon Command was disbanded on 5th February 1945.^[3]

Commanders

The following officers were in command:^[3]

• 1 November 1938 Air Vice-Marshal Owen Tudor Boyd
• 1 December 1940 Air Marshal Sir Leslie Gossage
• 1 February 1944 Air Vice-Marshal W C C Gell
• 13 February 1945 Air Commodore P L Lincoln

Pre-war organization

Before the second world war the command had one group - No. 30 (Balloon) Group at four stations:

No. 1 Balloon Centre at Kidbrooke

• No. 901 (County of London) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 902 (County of London) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 903 (County of London) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force

No. 2 Balloon Centre at Hook

• No. 904 (County of Surrey) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 905 (County of Surrey) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force

No. 3 Balloon Centre at Stanmore

• No. 906 (County of Middlesex) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 907 (County of Middlesex) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force

No. 4 Balloon Centre at Chigwell

• No. 908 (County of Essex) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 909 (County of Essex) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force
• No. 910 (County of Essex) (Balloon) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force

Important: All Balloon Squadrons numbered 901 to 947 were formed within the Auxiliary Air Force (AAF) prior to the outbreak of war in September 1939, thereafter, the remainder numbered 948 to 999 were RAF Squadrons.

Second world war organization

During World War II, the command had the following organization:

• Headquarters at Old Church Lane, Stanmore in Middlesex. This in turn directly controlled:
  • RAF Cardington
  • RAF Chessington

The command consisted of five groups^[4] which were in turn subdivided into balloon centres (equivalent to wings of heavier-than-air aircraft). The organization was as follows:

• No. 30 Group headquartered at Chessington, near Surbiton, Surrey (1 November 1938 to 7 January 1945)
  • No. 1 Balloon Centre
  • No. 2 Balloon Centre
  • No. 3 Balloon Centre
  • No. 4 Balloon Centre
  • No. 12 Balloon Centre
• No. 31 Group (1 April 1939 to 13 November 1941), Birmingham
• No. 32 Group headquartered at Claverton Manor, Claverton, near Bath, Somerset (1 March 1939 to 15 November 1944)
  • No. 6 Balloon Centre (earlier in 33 Group)
  • No. 11 Balloon Centre
  • No. 13 Balloon Centre
  • No. 14 Balloon Centre
• No. 33 Group headquartered at Parkhead House, Abbey Lane, Sheffield, Yorkshire (1 March 1939 to 4 September 1944)
  • No. 5 Balloon Centre
  • No. 6 Balloon Centre (later in 32 Group)
  • No. 8 Balloon Centre
  • No. 9 Balloon Centre
  • No. 10 Balloon Centre
  • No. 15 Balloon Centre (earlier in 34 Group)
  • No. 16 Balloon Centre
  • No. 17 Balloon Centre
• No. 34 Group headquartered at Tor House, Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh (7 April 1940 to 19 July 1943)
  • No. 15 Balloon Centre (later in 33 Group)
  • No. 18 Balloon Centre

The dates indicated give the periods for which each group existed as part of Balloon Command. No. 30 and 31 groups also existed in World War I as part of different formations.

The balloon centres in turn consisted of balloon squadrons which were numbered from 900 to 994.

See also

• Royal Auxiliary Air Force
• List of Royal Air Force commands

External links

• Balloon Barrage Reunion Club Website - Development of Balloon Command

Notes and References

1. Book: Pine . L. G. . A Dictionary of mottoes . 1983 . Routledge & K. Paul . London . 0-7100-9339-X . 250.
2. Web site: No. 4 Group. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328153100/http://www.rafweb.org/Grp04.htm. 28 March 2010. dmy-all.
3. http://www.rafweb.org/Cmd_H3.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - RAF Home Commands formed between 1936 and 1938
4. http://www.rafweb.org/Grp04.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Groups 30 - 48