RAD51L3 explained

DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD51L3 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, which are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein forms a complex with several other members of the RAD51 family, including RAD51L1, RAD51L2, and XRCC2. The protein complex formed with this protein has been shown to catalyze homologous pairing between single- and double-stranded DNA, and is thought to play a role in the early stage of recombinant DNA repair. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the biological validity of some of them has not been determined.

Interactions

RAD51L3 has been shown to interact with:

• Bloom syndrome protein,
• RAD51C,^[3] and
• XRCC2.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]}

References

Further reading

• Cartwright R, Dunn AM, Simpson PJ, Tambini CE, Thacker J . Isolation of novel human and mouse genes of the recA/RAD51 recombination-repair gene family . Nucleic Acids Res. . 26 . 7 . 1653–9 . 1998 . 9512535 . 147465 . 10.1093/nar/26.7.1653 .
• Kawabata M, Saeki K . Multiple alternative transcripts of the human homologue of the mouse TRAD/R51H3/RAD51D gene, a member of the rec A/RAD51 gene family . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 257 . 1 . 156–62 . 1999 . 10092526 . 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0413 .
• Schild D, Lio YC, Collins DW, Tsomondo T, Chen DJ . Evidence for simultaneous protein interactions between human Rad51 paralogs . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 22 . 16443–9 . 2000 . 10749867 . 10.1074/jbc.M001473200 . free .
• Braybrooke JP, Spink KG, Thacker J, Hickson ID . The RAD51 family member, RAD51L3, is a DNA-stimulated ATPase that forms a complex with XRCC2 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 37 . 29100–6 . 2000 . 10871607 . 10.1074/jbc.M002075200 . free .
• Miller KA, Yoshikawa DM, McConnell IR, Clark R, Schild D, Albala JS . RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 10 . 8406–11 . 2002 . 11744692 . 10.1074/jbc.M108306200 . free .
• Masson JY, Tarsounas MC, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, Shah R, McIlwraith MJ, Benson FE, West SC . Identification and purification of two distinct complexes containing the five RAD51 paralogs . Genes Dev. . 15 . 24 . 3296–307 . 2001 . 11751635 . 312846 . 10.1101/gad.947001 .
• Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Bussen W, Schild D, Albala JS, Sung P . Mediator function of the human Rad51B-Rad51C complex in Rad51/RPA-catalyzed DNA strand exchange . Genes Dev. . 15 . 24 . 3308–18 . 2001 . 11751636 . 312844 . 10.1101/gad.935501 .
• Kurumizaka H, Ikawa S, Nakada M, Enomoto R, Kagawa W, Kinebuchi T, Yamazoe M, Yokoyama S, Shibata T . Homologous pairing and ring and filament structure formation activities of the human Xrcc2*Rad51D complex . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 16 . 14315–20 . 2002 . 11834724 . 10.1074/jbc.M105719200 . free .
• Wiese C, Collins DW, Albala JS, Thompson LH, Kronenberg A, Schild D . Interactions involving the Rad51 paralogs Rad51C and XRCC3 in human cells . Nucleic Acids Res. . 30 . 4 . 1001–8 . 2002 . 11842112 . 100332 . 10.1093/nar/30.4.1001 .
• Liu N, Schild D, Thelen MP, Thompson LH . Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of Rad51 paralogs in human cells . Nucleic Acids Res. . 30 . 4 . 1009–15 . 2002 . 11842113 . 100342 . 10.1093/nar/30.4.1009 .
• Godthelp BC, Artwert F, Joenje H, Zdzienicka MZ . Impaired DNA damage-induced nuclear Rad51 foci formation uniquely characterizes Fanconi anemia group D1 . Oncogene . 21 . 32 . 5002–5 . 2002 . 12118380 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1205656 . free .
• Braybrooke JP, Li JL, Wu L, Caple F, Benson FE, Hickson ID . Functional interaction between the Bloom's syndrome helicase and the RAD51 paralog, RAD51L3 (RAD51D) . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 48 . 48357–66 . 2003 . 12975363 . 10.1074/jbc.M308838200 . 10026.1/10297 . free . free .
• Hillman RT, Green RE, Brenner SE . An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance . Genome Biol. . 5 . 2 . R8 . 2004 . 14759258 . 395752 . 10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-r8 . free .
• Tarsounas M, Davies AA, West SC . RAD51 localization and activation following DNA damage . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. . 359 . 1441 . 87–93 . 2004 . 15065660 . 1693300 . 10.1098/rstb.2003.1368 .
• Tarsounas M, Muñoz P, Claas A, Smiraldo PG, Pittman DL, Blasco MA, West SC . Telomere maintenance requires the RAD51D recombination/repair protein . Cell . 117 . 3 . 337–47 . 2004 . 15109494 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00337-X . 16478454 . free .
• Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, Davies A, Masson JY, Moses R, West SC, de Winter JP, Ashworth A, Jones NJ, Mathew CG . Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 13 . 12 . 1241–8 . 2004 . 15115758 . 10.1093/hmg/ddh135 . free .
• Rodríguez-López R, Osorio A, Ribas G, Pollán M, Sánchez-Pulido L, de la Hoya M, Ruibal A, Zamora P, Arias JI, Salazar R, Vega A, Martínez JI, Esteban-Cardeñosa E, Alonso C, Letón R, Urioste Azcorra M, Miner C, Armengod ME, Carracedo A, González-Sarmiento R, Caldés T, Díez O, Benítez J . The variant E233G of the RAD51D gene could be a low-penetrance allele in high-risk breast cancer families without BRCA1/2 mutations . Int. J. Cancer . 110 . 6 . 845–9 . 2004 . 15170666 . 10.1002/ijc.20169 . 6309119 . free .
• Loveday C, Turnbull C, Ramsay E, Hughes D, Ruark E, Frankum JR, Bowden G, Kalmyrzaev B, Warren-Perry M, Snape K, Adlard JW, Barwell J, Berg J, Brady AF, Brewer C, Brice G, Chapman C, Cook J, Davidson R, Donaldson A, Douglas F, Greenhalgh L, Henderson A, Izatt L, Kumar A, Lalloo F, Miedzybrodzka Z, Morrison PJ, Paterson J, Porteous M, Rogers MT, Shanley S, Walker L, Eccles D, Evans DG, Renwick A, Seal S, Lord CJ, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS, Antoniou AC, Rahman N . Germline mutations in RAD51D confer susceptibility to ovarian cancer . Nat. Genet. . 43 . 9 . 879–82 . 2011-08-07 . 21822267 . 10.1038/ng.893 . 4845885 .

Notes and References

1. Pittman DL, Weinberg LR, Schimenti JC . Identification, characterization, and genetic mapping of Rad51d, a new mouse and human RAD51/RecA-related gene . Genomics . 49 . 1 . 103–11 . June 1998 . 9570954 . 10.1006/geno.1998.5226 .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: RAD51L3 RAD51-like 3 (S. cerevisiae).
3. Miller KA, Yoshikawa DM, McConnell IR, Clark R, Schild D, Albala JS . RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51 . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 10 . 8406–11 . March 2002 . 11744692 . 10.1074/jbc.M108306200 . free .
4. Braybrooke JP, Li JL, Wu L, Caple F, Benson FE, Hickson ID . Functional interaction between the Bloom's syndrome helicase and the RAD51 paralog, RAD51L3 (RAD51D) . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 48 . 48357–66 . November 2003 . 12975363 . 10.1074/jbc.M308838200 . 10026.1/10297 . free . free .
5. Liu N, Schild D, Thelen MP, Thompson LH . Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of Rad51 paralogs in human cells . Nucleic Acids Res. . 30 . 4 . 1009–15 . February 2002 . 11842113 . 100342 . 10.1093/nar/30.4.1009.
6. Schild D, Lio YC, Collins DW, Tsomondo T, Chen DJ . Evidence for simultaneous protein interactions between human Rad51 paralogs . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 22 . 16443–9 . June 2000 . 10749867 . 10.1074/jbc.M001473200 . free .
7. Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, Davies A, Masson JY, Moses R, West SC, de Winter JP, Ashworth A, Jones NJ, Mathew CG . Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways . Hum. Mol. Genet. . 13 . 12 . 1241–8 . June 2004 . 15115758 . 10.1093/hmg/ddh135 . free .