R. Michael Roberts Explained

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R. Michael Roberts (born October 23, 1940, in Menston, United Kingdom) is an American biologist who is the Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Animal sciences and Biochemistry at the University of Missouri.[1] He is a founding co-editor of the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, first published in 2013.[2]

Birth and education

R. Michael Roberts was born on October 23, 1940, in Menston, in the United Kingdom.[3] He graduated with a BA in Botany and PhD in Plant Physiology/Biochemistry from the University of Oxford.[4] His DPhil thesis was entitled The utilisation of ¹⁴C labelled substrates by growing plant organs (1965) and was supervised by Vernon S. Butt.[5]

Academic career

In September 1965 Roberts went to the United States to do post-doctoral work with Frank Loewus at State University of New York-Buffalo (SUNY).[6] Roberts was a faculty member in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Florida from 1970-1985.[7]

In 1985, Roberts joined the University of Missouri.[6] He served as Chair of the Veterinary Pathobiology Department the University of Missouri from 1995 to 1998.[8] He was named the Curators’ Distinguished Professor of Animal Sciences, Biochemistry, and Veterinary Pathobiology as of 1996[9] and was the Chancellor's Professor as of 2019.[10] He is currently Chancellor's Professor Emeritus of Animal Sciences and Biochemistry.[1] [11] Roberts served as the founding director of the MU Life Sciences Center from January 2004-September 2005.[12]

Roberts served as Chief Scientist for the USDA’s National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRI) from 1998-2000. He also served on the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Defining Science-Based Concerns Associated with Products of Animal Biotechnology, addressing concerns about the use of genetically modified animals for food, which published the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (2002).[13] and chaired the NRC committee that investigated Animal Care & Management at the National Zoo.[14] [15] [16] [8]

In 2006-2007 R. Michael Roberts was investigated by The University of Missouri for research misconduct based on images that had been altered in a 2006 Science paper where he was the principal investigator.[17] In brief, a postdoctoral fellow Dr. Kaushik Deb fabricated and falsified digital images that supported a paper published in Science. That paper was subsequently withdrawn, and the prescribed university procedures for a research misconduct investigation were followed. The Standing Committee on Research Responsibility concluded that Dr. Deb had committed the misconduct alone, and that the co-authors on the paper (Drs. R. M. Roberts, M. Sivaguru and H.Y. Yong) were in no way culpable. The Office of Research Integrity at the National Institutes of Health now formally agrees with that conclusion (ORI2006-09). The paper was officially retracted by Roberts and an apology to the scientific community was issued in the form of a published letter.[18]

Research

R. Michael Roberts is known for his contributions to identification of the biological mechanism of embryo-maternal signaling in ruminants, in which signals indicating the existence of the embryo lead to the maintenance of an optimal uterine environment for pregnancy and the embryo's survival.In mammals, chemical signalling between the embryo and the mother was known to be essential in sustaining a successful pregnancy. However, details of the process were not understood until R. Michael Roberts and Fuller W. Bazer began a 16-year collaboration to study such relationships.[19] [20] In addition to their joint efforts, each has made independent contributions, at their respective universities.[7]

Among his key discoveries, R. Michael Roberts determined the equivalence of uteroferrin and a class of lysosomal enzymes, known as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAPs). Subsequently, Roberts was the first to successfully purify, sequence and clone TRAPs in humans. As a result of this research, postmenopausal women are being screened for TRAP, which can be associated with osteoporosis.[21]

Roberts' group was the first to clone, identify, and characterize the temporal expression of trophoblast interferon-t in the ruminants sheep and cattle.[22] He studied differential transcriptional regulation of interferon-t by the transcription factors ETS-2 and Oct-4. He proposed a developmental switch to explain the formation of trophectoderm during early embryo development. He has identified more than 100 expressed genes for proteins in the aspartyl proteinase gene family, associated with pregnancy.[21] This work has formed the basis for developing a pregnancy test for dairy cattle.[23] His research on sexual dimorphism in embryos suggests that maternal diet around conception may influence an offspring’s sex.[21]

Roberts changed research direction in 2003.[24] He began to focus on the use of pluripotent stem cells and the development of models to study the emergence and differentiation of animal and human trophoblast.[25] Among his group's contributions is a study on the importance of low oxygen atmospheres to control human stem cell differentiation.[26] His laboratory was one of the first to describe the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from an ungulate species, the pig. As of 2018, he was studying preeclampsia by generating iPS cell lines using human umbilical cords.[6] Roberts' work is supported through Federal Agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and through Missouri's state funding for agriculture.[27]

Awards and honors

Notes and References

  1. Web site: College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources // R. Michael Roberts . University of Missouri . 21 July 2022.
  2. 10.1146/annurev-av-1-012513-100001. Introduction. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 2013. 1.
  3. Roberts . R. Michael . R. Michael Roberts . Wolf Prize in Agriculture . 1 May 2009 . 785–848 . 10.1142/9789812835857_0034 . WORLD SCIENTIFIC. 978-981-283-584-0 .
  4. Web site: R. Michael Roberts, Ph.D. . The Milstein Awards . 21 July 2022 . 21 June 1995.
  5. Roberts. R. M.. The Utilisation of ¹⁴C labelled substrates by growing plant organs. 1965. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford, Lincoln College.
  6. Nowak . Romana A . An interview with Dr R. Michael Roberts . Biology of Reproduction . 1 June 2018 . 98 . 6 . 739–741 . 10.1093/biolre/ioy053 . 29878068 . free .
  7. Web site: Zeleznik . Anthony J. . AWARDS 1990 SSR RESEARCH AWARD . 1990 SSR Awards Committee . 22 July 2022.
  8. Book: National Research Council (US) Committee on a Review of the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park . Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report . About the authors . Washington (DC) . National Academies Press (US). 2004 . 22 July 2022 . en .
  9. Web site: Curators' Distinguished Professorships // Office of the Provost . provost.missouri.edu . 22 July 2022.
  10. News: Enger . Michelle . Jackson . Logan . College of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources // Spencer Elected to National Academy of Sciences . 22 July 2022 . cafnr.missouri.edu . May 1, 2019.
  11. Web site: Roberts Lab Home. robertslab.missouri.edu. 2018-02-16. 2018-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20180801201037/http://robertslab.missouri.edu/. dead.
  12. News: FRIEDMAN . STEPHANIE DeMELLO and SAMANTHA . Director of MU Life Sciences Center stepping downMU Life Sciences head leaving to pursue research . 22 July 2022 . Columbia Missourian . en.
  13. Book: Animal biotechnology : science-based concerns . 2002 . National Academies Press . Washington, D.C. . 10.17226/10418 . 25032294 . 978-0-309-08439-0 . en.
  14. News: Barker . Karlyn . Cohn . D'Vera . Report on Zoo Cites Progress And Problems . 22 July 2022 . Washington Post . 20 January 2005.
  15. Kearney . Bill . Zooming In on the Zoo Studying the National Zoo Under the Media's Microscope . InFocus Magazine . 2004 . 4 . 2 . 14–15 . 25 July 2022.
  16. News: Curtius . Mary . Director to Resign After Lapses Are Found at National Zoo . 22 July 2022 . Los Angeles Times . 26 February 2004.
  17. Web site: MU professor retracts research after investigation - Columbia Missourian . 2010-06-29 . dead . https://archive.today/20120731125622/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2007/07/26/mu-professor-retracts-research-after-investigation/ . 2012-07-31 .
  18. Book: Editorial Policy Committee, Council of Science Editors . CSE's White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications . 2021 . . . New York, NY .
  19. News: International Wolf Prize shared by Texas A&M researcher . 25 July 2022 . AgriLife Today . 11 January 2003.
  20. Bazer . Fuller W. . Contributions of an Animal Scientist to Reproductive Biology . Biology of Reproduction . 1 August 2011 . 85 . 2 . 228–242 . 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091454 . 21565996 . 26065678 . free .
  21. News: R. Michael Roberts . 25 July 2022 . Wolf Foundation . 10 December 2018.
  22. Imakawa . Kazuhiko . Bai . Rulan . Nakamura . Keigo . Kusama . Kazuya . Thirty years of interferon-tau research; Past, present and future perspective . Animal Science Journal . July 2017 . 88 . 7 . 927–936 . 10.1111/asj.12807 . 28504476 . en. free .
  23. News: Early pregnancy test for cows improves welfare and food production . 25 July 2022 . EurekAlert! . 12 October 2017 . en.
  24. Book: Medicine . National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and . Division . Health and Medicine . Policy . Board on Health Sciences . Examining the State of the Science of Mammalian Embryo Model Systems: Proceedings of a Workshop . 31 August 2020 . National Academies Press . 978-0-309-67668-7 . en.
  25. Web site: R. Michael Roberts . National Academy of Sciences Member Directory . 25 July 2022.
  26. News: Choi . Charles Q. . Stem Cell Imperative . 25 July 2022 . Scientific American . December 1, 2005.
  27. News: Sossamon . Jeff . How piglets could make IVF cheaper . 25 July 2022 . Futurity . 19 July 2017.
  28. Web site: 2021 SSR Distinguished Fellows - Society for the Study of Reproduction . Society for the Study of Reproduction . 21 July 2022 . en.
  29. Web site: SRF Marshall Medal . 2022-07-22 . Society for Reproduction and Fertility.
  30. News: Hines . Lauren . Bond LSC Researcher Wins Awards for 45-Year Career in Reproductive Biology . 22 July 2022 . decodingscience.missouri.edu . December 8, 2021.
  31. AAAS Members Elected as Fellows . Science . 27 November 2015 . 350 . 6264 . 1047–1049 . 10.1126/science.350.6264.1047 . en . 0036-8075. free .
  32. Web site: Carl G. Hartman Award . Society for the Study of Reproduction . 2006 . 22 July 2022.
  33. Web site: NIH Record--3/04/2003--NICHD Grantees Receive Wolf Prize. nihrecord.nih.gov. 2018-02-16.
  34. Web site: ר' מיכאל רוברטס (R. Michael Roberts). Simply-Smart. www.wolffund.org.il. he. 2018-02-16.

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