Qulonggongba Formation Explained

Qulonggongba Formation
Type:	Geological formation
Age:	Norian, ~
Period:	Norian
Prilithology:	Mudstone^[1]
Otherlithology:	Siltstone, sandstone, limestone
Region:	Southern Tibet
Coordinates:	25.5°N 104.9°W
Paleocoordinates:	11.7°N 94.2°W
Unitof:	Langjiexue Group
Underlies:	Qudenggongba Formation & Derirong Formation
Overlies:	Tulong Group
Extent:	Nyalam, Tingri
Namedby:	Qingge Gu
Year Ts:	1965
Location Ts:	Longjiang Xishan, 2 km west of Longjiang Village, southern Tingri^[2]

The Qulonggongba Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian) geologic formation in southern Tibet, near to the border with Nepal, that is part of the Langjiexue Group.^[3] It would have been a marine environment.

Vertebrate fauna

Conodonts

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Notes
Epigondolella	E. multidentata	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Metapolygnathus	Indeterminate^[5]

Invertebrates

Ammonites

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Notes
Acanthinites	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Ammotibetites	A. wheeleri	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Anasibirites	A. kingianus^[6]	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Anatibetites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Anatomites	A. ex gr. "sissi"	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Anatomites	Indeterminate	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Arcestes	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Cladiscites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Cosmonautilus	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A nautilid
Cyrtopleurites	C. cf. agrippinae	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Cyrtopleurites	Indeterminate	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Dimorphites	Indeterminate	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Discophyllites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	An ammonitid
Dittmarites	D. lilliformis	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Ectolcites	E. cf. hollandi	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Gonionotites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Griesbachites	G. pseudomedleyanus	Longjiang Xishan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Griesbachites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Guembelites	G. jandianus	Longjiang, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Guembelites	G. philostrati	Longjiang Xishan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Halorites	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
?Hauerites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
Indojuvavites	I. angulatus	Kagangla Pass, Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Juvavites	J. cf. subinterruptus	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
	J. continuus	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
	J. sarasinii	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Megaphyllites	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Metacarnites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Metacarnites	"M. xizangensis"	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
?Mirojuvavites	"M. xizangensis"	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A ceratitid
Parajuvavites	Intermediate	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
?Parathisbites	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Paratibetites	P. adolphi	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
	?P. tornquisti	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone
	Indeterminate	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Pinacoceras	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Placites	P. cf. oldhami	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Placites	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Stenarcestes	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A ceratitid
?Thisbites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid
Tibetites	T. ryalli	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A ceratitid
Tibetites	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan		A ceratitid

Bivalves

Genus	Species	Location (section)	Stratigraphic position	Notes
Burmesia	B. lirata	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	Member of Anomalodesmata
Cardita	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan
Cassianella	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		Member of Ostreida
Halobia	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	Member of Ostreida
	H. cf. distincta	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone
	H. sirri	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone
	H. cf. jagelskyi	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone
Indopecten	I. margariticostatus	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan, Tulong	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A scallop
Indopecten	I. himalayensis	Tulong	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A scallop
?Lima	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A file shell
Monotis	M. salinaria	Longjiang Xishan		Member of Pectinida
Myophoricardium	M. tulongense	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	Member of Carditida
?Nucula	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan		A nut clam
?Palaeocardia	"P. singularis"	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
?Palaeocardia	"P. rhomboidalis"	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Palaeoneilo	P. cf. tirolensis	Sūrè Shan		A nuculanid
Palaeonucula	P. strigilata	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A nuculanid
	P. subaequilatera tswayensis	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
	"P. timorensis"	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Pecten	Indeterminate	Sūrè Shan		A scallop
Pleuromya	P. himaica	Longjiang Xishan		Member of Myida
Schafhaeutlia	Indeterminate	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		A hatchet shell
Unionites	U. griesbachi	Longjiang Xishan, Sūrè Shan		Member of Unionida
Veteranella	V. (Ledoides) langnongensis^[7]	Tulong, Tingri	Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A nuculanid

Brachiopods

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes
Eoseptaliphoria	E. intorta	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A rhynchonellid
Eoseptaliphoria	E. tulungensis	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	A rhynchonellid
"Himalarhynchia"	"H. media"	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone
Nudirostralina	N. griesbachi	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	A rhynchonellid
Pseudolepismatina	P. nyalamensis	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	Member of Rhynchonellata
Tibetothyris	T. depressa	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone	Member of Terebratulida
Spiriferina	S. shalshalensis	Griesbachites–Guembilites Zone Indojuvavites angulatus–Epigondolella multidentata–Himalayasaurus Zone	Member of Rhynchonellata

Notes and References

Meng. Z.. Wang. J.. Ji. W.. Zhang. H.. Wu. F.. Garzanti. E.. 2019. The Langjiexue Group is an in situ sedimentary sequence rather than an exotic block:Constraints from coeval Upper Triassic strata of the Tethys Himalaya (Qulonggongba Formation). Science China Earth Sciences. 62. 5. 783-797. 10.1007/s11430-018-9314-9.
Gu. Q.. 1965. zh:西藏定日海相三迭纪地层. Triassic marine strata in Tingri, Tibet. Geological Review. 23. 4. 256-262. zh-cn.
M.-M. Chang and F. Jin. (1996). Mesozoic fish faunas of China. In G. Arriata & G. Viohl (ed.), Mesozoic Fishes - Systematics and Paleoecology 1:461-478
Book: Dong, Z.-M.. 1972. zh:珠穆朗玛峯地区的鱼龙化石. An ichthyosaur fossil from the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) region. Young. C. C.. Dong. Z.-M.. zh:中国三迭纪水生爬行动物. Aquatic Reptiles from the Triassic of China. Memoirs of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology. 9. 7-10. zh-cn.
An. X.. Zhang. Y.. Zhu. T.. Zhang. Y.. Yuan. D.. Li. J.. 2020. Stable Carbon Isotope Perturbations Recorded in Triassic Tulong Group-Qulonggongba Formation of South Tibet. Earth Science. 45. 8. 2964-2977. 10.3799/dqkx.2020.085. zh-cn. free.
Zou. G.. Mao. Q.. Chen. Y.. Rao. R.. 2006. zh:西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰地区三叠纪生物地层研究. A Research into Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Qomolongma Area in Southern Xizang (Tibet). Geological Review. 52. 3. 386-395, 439-440. https://www.geojournals.cn/georev/georev/article/abstract/20060373. zh-cn.
Z. J. Fang, J. H. Chen, C. Z. Chen, J. G. Sha, X. Lan and S. Z. Wen. (2009). Supraspecific taxa of the Bivalvia first named, described, and published in China (1927-2007). The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, New Series.