Quercus pacifica explained

Quercus pacifica is a species of oak known by the common names island scrub oak, Channel Island scrub oak, and Pacific oak.

Description

Quercus pacifica is a shrub or a small tree growing up to 5sp=usNaNsp=us in height, or occasionally taller.

The leaves are roughly oval in shape and edged with pointed teeth. The green blades are up to 4sp=usNaNsp=us long by 4 cm wide. They have shiny upper surfaces and waxy, hairy, glandular undersides.

The acorn has a cap up to 2cm (01inches) wide and a nut measuring NaNcm (-2,147,483,648inches) long.

This oak often produces a stable hybrid with Quercus lobata, that has been named Quercus × macdonaldii.

Distribution

It is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, where it is known from the islands of Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina. The islands of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa are part of Channel Islands National Park.

Though limited to three islands, it is not uncommon there, occurring in grassland, chaparral, oak woodlands, forest, and other habitat. It is the dominant oak in many areas on Catalina Island.[1] It was described as a new species in 1994 from a specimen collected on Santa Cruz Island.[2] More than a century earlier, the same plant was described as a variety of Quercus dumosa;[3] the 1994 name is nevertheless the correct name for the plant when recognized as a species because names hold priority status only within a given rank.[4]

Threats

This oak species is threatened by a pathogenic honey fungus (Armillaria sp.), which has been noted to infect trees already stressed by the activity of feral herbivores, including goats and pigs.[1]

A new species of fungus was discovered growing in oak galls on this oak species and was named Penicillium cecidicola in 2004.[5]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Knapp, D. A. (2002). The Status of Island Scrub Oak (Quercus pacifica) on Catalina Island, California. In: Standiford, R. B., et al. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Challenging Landscape. Gen. Tech. Rep. USDA Forest Service.
  2. Nixon . K. C. . Muller . C. H. . 1994 . New names in California oaks . Novon . 4 . 4 . 391 - 392 . 10.2307/3391450 . 3391450.
  3. Greene, Edward Lee. 1889. Illustrations of West American Oaks 36, 61, plate 28
  4. http://iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=art11 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code)
  5. Seifert, K. A., et al. (2004). Penicillium cecidicola, a new species on cynipid insect galls on Quercus pacifica in the western United States. Studies in Mycology 50 517-23.