Queens County District Attorney Explained

Post:	District Attorney
Body:	Queens County
Insignia:	Queens County District Attorney seal.jpeg
Incumbent:	Melinda Katz
Incumbentsince:	January 1, 2020
Type:	District attorney
Member Of:	District Attorneys Association of the State of New York^[1]
Termlength:	Four years
Formation:	February 12, 1796
First:	Nathaniel Lawrence

The District Attorney of Queens County is the elected district attorney for Queens County in New York State, coterminous with the New York City borough of Queens. The office is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws. (Federal law violations in Queens are prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York). The current Queens County District Attorney is Melinda Katz, who assumed the duties of the office on January 1, 2020. There was an inauguration on January 6, 2020 at her alma mater, St. Johns University.

History

In a legislative act of February 12, 1796, New York State was divided into seven districts, each with its own Assistant Attorney General. Queens County was part of the First District, which also included Kings, Richmond, Suffolk, and Westchester counties. (At that time, Queens County included much of present-day Nassau County, and Westchester County included present-day Bronx County.) In 1801, the office of Assistant Attorney General was renamed District Attorney. At the same time, New York County was added to the First District. Westchester County was separated from the First District in 1813, and New York County was separated in 1815. In 1818, all 13 districts were broken up, and each county in the State of New York became a separate district.^{[2] [3] [4]}

Until 1822, the district attorney was appointed by the Council of Appointment, and held the office "during the Council's pleasure", meaning that there was no defined term of office. Under the provisions of the State Constitution of 1821, the D.A. was appointed to a three-year term by the County Court. Under the provisions of the State Constitution of 1846, the office became elective by popular ballot. The term was three years, beginning on January 1 and ending on December 31. In case of a vacancy, the Governor of New York filled the vacancy temporarily until a successor was elected, always to a full term, at the next annual election.^[5]

One year after the 1898 Consolidation of New York City, Nassau County was separated from Queens County. In case of a vacancy, a DA is appointed by the Governor to fill the office temporarily. A new DA is then elected at the next annual election in November, always to a full term. From 1847 to 1942, the term length was three years. In November 1942, a DA was elected to a one-year term.^[6] From the election of November 1943, the DA has been elected to a four-year term.

List of district attorneys

	District attorney	Dates in office	Party	Notes
1	Nathaniel Lawrence	February 16, 1796 – July 15, 1797	Dem.-Rep.	died^[7]
	vacant	July 15, 1797 – January 16, 1798
2	Cadwallader D. Colden	January 16, 1798 – August 19, 1801	Federalist
3	Richard Riker	August 19, 1801 – February 13, 1810	Dem.-Rep.
4	Cadwallader D. Colden	February 13, 1810 – February 19, 1811	Federalist
5	Richard Riker	February 19, 1811 – March 5, 1813	Dem.-Rep.
6	Barent Gardenier	March 5, 1813 – April 8, 1815	Federalist
7	Thomas S. Lester	April 8, 1815 – June 12, 1818	?
8	Eliphalet Wickes	June 12, 1818 – 1821	Dem.-Rep.	^[8]
9	William T. McCoun	1821 – 1826		^[9]
10	Benjamin F. Thompson	1826 – 1836		^[10]
11	William H. Barroll	May 3, 1836 – 1842		^[11]
12	Alexander Hadden	1842 – 1845	Whig	^[12]
13	John G. Lamberson	1845 – December 31, 1853		last to be appointed by the County Court and first to be elected by popular ballot (in May 1847), total of three terms
14	William H. Onderdonk	January 1, 1854 – December 31, 1859		elected to two three-year terms^[13]
15	John J. Armstrong	January 1, 1860 – December 31, 1865		elected to two three-year terms^[14]
16	Benjamin W. Downing	January 1, 1866 – October 26, 1883	Democratic	elected to six three-year terms^[15] ^[16] ^[17] ^[18] removed from office by Governor Grover Cleveland for malfeasance^[19]
17	John Fleming	October 27, 1883 – December 31, 1883 (interim) January 1, 1884 – December 31, 1886	Democratic	appointed by Governor Cleveland to replace Downing^[20] ^[21] elected to a three-year term^[22] lost re-election to McGowan^[23]
18	Thomas F. McGowan	January 1, 1887 – May 1, 1887	Democratic	elected to a three-year term over Fleming^[24] fled to Canada after it became known that as Supervisor of the Town of Newtown, he stole about $19,500 in town money to cover his losses speculating in the stock exchange^[25]
-	Albert F. Cornelius	May 1, 1887 – June 13, 1887 (acting)	Democratic	became acting district attorney upon McGowan's fleeing to Canada^[26] ^[27]
19	John Fleming (Queens)	John Fleming (second term)	June 13, 1887 – August 10 (acting) August 10, 1887 – December 31, 1887 (interim) January 1, 1888 – December 31, 1893	Democratic	appointed by Judge Bartlett of the Queens County Court of Oyer and Terminer in place of McGowan^[28] appointed by Governor David B. Hill to fill McGowan's term for the remainder of the year^[29] elected to the remainder of McGowan's term^[30] elected to a three-year term^[31] lost re-election to Noble^[32]
20	Daniel Noble	January 1, 1894 – December 31, 1896	Democratic	defeated Fleming in election to a three-year term^[33]
21	William J. Youngs	January 1, 1897 – December 14, 1898	Republican	elected to a three year-term^[34] resigned to become private secretary to Governor Theodore Roosevelt^[35]
22	George W. Davison	December 14, 1898 – January 2, 1899 (acting) January 2, 1899 – December 31, 1899 (interim)	Republican	became acting district attorney when Youngs resigned^[36] appointed by Roosevelt for the remainder of Youngs' term^[37] lost election to Merrill
23	John B. Merrill	January 1, 1900 – December 31, 1902	Democratic	elected to a three-year term^[38]
24	George A. Gregg	January 1, 1903 – December 31, 1905	Democratic	elected to a three-year term^[39]
25	Ira G. Darrin	January 1, 1906 – December 31, 1908	Municipal Ownership League	elected to a three-year term^[40] did not run for re-election^[41]
26	Frederick G. DeWitt	January 1, 1909 – December 31, 1911	Democratic	elected to a three-year term^[42]
27	Matthew J. Smith	January 1, 1912 – December 31, 1914	Democratic	elected to a three-year term^[43] ^[44]
28	Denis O'Leary	January 1, 1915 – December 31, 1920	Democratic	elected to two three-year terms^[45] lost to Wallace on his re-election attempt on the Fusion and Liberal tickets^[46]
			bgcolor=FFB6B6		Republican and Fusion
29	Dana Wallace	January 1, 1921 – December 31, 1923	Republican	elected to a three-year term
30	Richard S. Newcombe	January 1, 1924 – December 31, 1929	Democratic	elected to two three-year terms^[47] ^[48] ^[49] did not run for re-election (ran for Surrogate instead, and won)^[50] ^[51]
31	James T. Hallinan	January 1, 1930 – January 1, 1932	Democratic	elected to a three-year term resigned after election as a justice of the New York Supreme Court^[52]
-	Charles P. Sullivan	January 1, 1932 – February 15, 1932 (acting)	Democratic	became acting district attorney upon Hallinan's resignation^[53]
32	Charles S. Colden	February 15, 1932 – December 31, 1932 (interim) January 1, 1933 – January 7, 1935	Democratic	appointed by Governor Franklin Roosevelt to succeed Hallinan^[54] elected to a three-year term^[55] appointed by Governor Herbert H. Lehman to a vacant seat on the Queens County Court^[56]
33	Charles P. Sullivan	January 7, 1935 – December 31, 1951	Democratic	became acting district attorney again upon Colden's resignation^[57] appointed by Governor Lehman to fill Colden's vacancy for the remainder of the year?^[58] elected five times^[59] ^[60] ^[61] ^[62] ^[63] denied the Democratic nomination in the primary, ran on the Liberal and No Boss lines and lost^[64] ^[65]
34	T. Vincent Quinn	January 1, 1952 – December 31, 1955	Democratic	elected to a four-year term lost to O'Connor in the Democratic primary election^[66]
35	Frank D. O'Connor	January 1, 1956 – December 31, 1965	Democratic	defeated Quinn in Democratic primary elected to three four-year terms^[67] ^[68] ^[69] resigned after winning election to President of the New York City Council^[70]
36	Nat H. Hentel	December 31, 1965 – December 31, 1966 (interim)	Republican	appointed by Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller for one year^[71] lost election to Mackell^[72]
37	Thomas J. Mackell	January 1, 1967 – April 23, 1973	Democratic	elected to serve the remainder of O'Connor's term elected to two four-year terms^[73] ^[74] resigned after being indicted on charges of covering up an investigation into his investments and Governor Rockefeller began proceedings to remove him^[75]
-	Frederick J. Ludwig	April 23, 1973 – May 9, 1973 (acting)	Democratic	became acting district attorney when Mackell announced his resignation and went on vacation
38	Michael F. Armstrong	May 9, 1973 – December 31, 1973 (interim)	Democratic	appointed by Governor Rockefeller for the remainder of the year to replace Mackell^[76] did not run for election
39	Nicholas Ferraro	January 1, 1974 – December 31, 1976	Democratic	elected to a four-year term^[77] resigned after winning election as a New York Supreme Court justice^[78]
40	John J. Santucci	January 1, 1977 – December 31, 1977 (interim) January 1, 1978 – June 1, 1991	Democratic	appointed by Governor Hugh Carey for the remainder of Ferraro's term^[79] elected to four four-year terms^[80] ^[81] ^[82] ^[83] resigned^[84]
41	Richard A. Brown	June 1, 1991 – December 31, 1991 (interim) January 1, 1992 – May 4, 2019	Democratic	appointed by Governor Mario M. Cuomo for the remainder of the year^[85] elected to seven four-year terms^[86] ^[87] ^[88] ^[89] ^[90] died in office^[91]
-	John M. Ryan	May 4, 2019 – December 31, 2019 (acting)	Independent	named acting district attorney by Brown for medical reasons, although Brown continued in an official capacity until his death^[92] did not run for election^[93]
42	Melinda Katz	January 1, 2020 – current	Democratic	elected to a four-year term^[94] ^[95]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Membership. daasny.com. 9 May 2019.
2. Book: Werner. Edgar A.. Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York. 1891. Weed, Parsons, and Company. Albany, N.Y.. 553–563. 22 October 2016.
3. Book: Chester. Alden. Legal and Judicial History of New York, Volume 3. 1911. National Americana Society. New York, N.Y.. 85. 16 November 2016.
4. https://books.google.com/books?id=E3sFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA866 The New York Civil List
5. https://books.google.com/books?id=07IF9RMUR2IC&pg=PA964 Courts and Lawyers of New York: A History, 1609-1925
6. https://www.nytimes.com/1942/10/15/archives/rules-on-queens-election.html Rules on Queens Election
7. Werner (1891), p. 553.
8. Werner (1891), p. 560.
9. Werner (1891), p. 560.
10. Werner (1891), p. 560.
11. Werner (1891), p. 560.
12. Werner (1891), p. 560.
13. Werner (1891), p. 560.
14. Werner (1891), p. 560.
15. Werner (1891), p. 560.
16. News: New-York — Queens County Official Canvass. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 11, 1874. 5.
17. News: The State Election — Official County Returns — The Vote for State Officers and Assembly Men. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 14, 1877. 5.
18. News: The Queens County Returns. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1880. 8.
19. News: Mr. Downing Removed — Gov. Cleveland Finds the Charges Against Him Sustained. 29 November 2016. New York Times. October 27, 1883. 1.
20. Werner (1891), p. 560.
21. News: Downing Determined to Run — He Sats That His Removal is Part of a Political Scheme. 29 November 2016. New York Times. October 28, 1883. 2.
22. News: Queens County Elections — The Majority of Mr. Otis — Gleason's Defeat in Long Island City. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 8, 1883. 2.
23. News: The Old Sureties Good - A Belief That Defaulter M'Gowan's Bondsmen for 1885 Are Liable. 29 November 2016. New York Times. May 3, 1887. 8.
24. News: The Election in Long Island. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1886. 2.
25. News: Left a Big Shortage — District Attorney M'Gowan Departs Hastily for Canada. 29 November 2016. New York Times. May 2, 1887. 1.
26. News: Charged With Party Disloyalty. 29 November 2016. New York Times. May 9, 1897. 8.
27. Book: The Brooklyn Citizen Almanac . 1893 . The Brooklyn Citizen . Brooklyn, N.Y. . 238 . 4 January 2022.
28. News: City and Suburban News — Long Island. 30 November 2016. New York Times. June 14, 1887. 3.
29. News: Col. Fleming Appointed. 29 November 2016. New York Times. August 11, 1887. 2.
30. News: The Queens County Vote. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 16, 1887. 8.
31. News: New Queens County Officials. 29 November 2016. New York Times. January 3, 1891. 8.
32. News: Suspiciously Slow Returns — Election Inspectors in Long Island City May Be Investigated. 29 November 2016. New York Times. November 11, 1893. 9.
33. Book: The Brooklyn Citizen Almanac. 1894. The Brooklyn Citizen. Brooklyn, N.Y.. 325. 30 November 2016.
34. News: Flowers for Judge Moore. 27 November 2016. New York Times. January 3, 1897. 4.
35. News: Roosevelt Selects Steele. 29 November 2016. New York Times. December 15, 1898. 4.
36. News: Gen. Roe Sees Roosevelt — Plan for National Guard Reorganization Discussed — Twenty Candidates for Aldridge's Place. 29 November 2016. New York Times. December 20, 1898. 2.
37. News: Two New District Attorneys — H.R. Steele Appointed in Kings and G.W. Davison in Queens. 26 November 2016. New York Times. January 3, 1899. 2.
38. News: Democrats Win in Queens. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 8, 1899. 3.
39. News: Coler's Heavy Vote in New York City — His Plurality Amounts to About 120,000 — Judges Democratic — Republicans Lose Two Congressmen in New York County — Democrats Elect County Tickets in the Greater City.. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1902. 3.
40. News: Vote Canvass Begins in Two City Boroughs — Hearst Lawyers Say They Have Found Discrepancies — Strike a Snag in Manhattan — Court Orders Are Obtained to Compel Production of Tally Sheets — Cassidy Busy in Queens. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 15, 1905. 20.
41. News: Bryan Cut in Kings; Hughes Knifed Here — Some of the Trading Made Clear by an Analysis of the City Vote — Tammany's Strength Seen — And Its Decline Made Plain — Some Indication That a Republican Might Win the Mayoralty. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1908. 3.
42. News: Queens Election Contest Dismissed. 27 November 2016. New York Times. December 4, 1908. 8.
43. News: Tammany Carries the County; Loses the Board of Aldermen — Harburger's Plurality for Sheriff a Bare 3,081 Votes — Murphy Judges Elected — But Fusion Beats Willet Ticket Across the River and Elects Cropsey in Kings — Bronx Gone Republican — Fusion Even Carries Queens, Though Cassidy Saves His District Attorney — Richmond All Democratic — It Was the Only Borough That Stood by the Party Against Strenuous Attacks — Sorry Night For Murphy — But He Says It's a Victory for the People Against Yellow Journalism — Cohalan's Plurality Only 691. 21 October 2016. New York Times. November 8, 1911. 1.
44. News: A Tammany Sweep — Hylan Can Get Every Vote in the Board of Estimate — Carries Every Borough — His Vote Is 293,382, Mitchel's 148,060, and Hillquit's 138,793 — Lewis, Attorney General — Beaten in This City, but Had a Big Plurality Up-State — Hylan Promises Loyalty. 21 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1917. 1.
45. News: 'Murphy Must Go,' Michel Declares — Mayor Suggests the Only Way to Force the Boss Is to "Starve Him Out" — Chieftain Not Worried — "Feeling Very Fit," but Going Away for a Rest — Chairman Osborn Analyzes Result. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1914. 6.
46. News: City Vote on State Senate — Minor City Offices — Wallace (Rep.) Elected District Attorney of Queens — Two Republican Aldermen. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1920. 4.
47. News: Two to One on Justices — Hearst's Choices Ran Lowest and Tammany Leaders Rejoice — Brooklyn All Democratic — Pluralities for County Ticket Run From 50,000 to 90,000 Votes — Fairchild to Congress — Heavy Westchester Vote Carries Him In Over Koch, but Prall and J.J. O'Connor Win. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1923. 1.
48. News: Officials Elected. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1923. 1.
49. News: Smith Sweeps City; Plurality is 483,39 — Plurality Exceeds That of His Victory Over Miller — Bigger Than Hylan's in 1921 — Wagner's Vote a Triumph — His Plurality Is Estimated at 377,000 — Wets Win Here by About 840,000. 7 December 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1926. 1.
50. News: Harvey Lead 28,325 — President of Queens Escapes Sweep by Democrats — Cox Congratulates Him — Total Vote Is 144,852 for Republican, Against 116,527 for Rival — Bigger Than Last Year — Candidate Scores on Issue of 'Connollyism and Sewer Graft' for the Third Time — Sees 'Vote of Confidence' — Hallinan Elected Prosecutor by 37,426 — Newcombe Wins by 68,213 for Surrogate. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 6, 1929. 1.
51. News: Officials Elected. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 6, 1929. 2.
52. News: Bench Deal Protest Unheeded at Polls —12 New Judicial Nominees Win Huge Majority Over 'No Deal' Slate — McCooey Jr. Trails — Court Test is Promised — Action by Bar on Steinbrink Also Will Be Asked, Defeated Leader Asserts. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1931. 1.
53. News: Court Forfeits Bail of Tardy Gambler — Raymond, Witness in Rothstein Murder, Loses $7,500 and Is Jailed Pending Forgery Trial. 27 November 2016. New York Times. January 1932. 8.
54. News: Haskell is Named to Transit Board — J.J. Fitzgerald Is Appointed to Succeed Conway as Brooklyn County Court Judge — Kadien to Queens Bench — C.S. Golden, a Descendant of a Colonial Governor, Is Nominated Queens, District Attorney. 27 November 2016. New York Times. February 16, 1932. 2.
55. News: List of Candidates for Local Voters — Special Mayoralty Election to Fill Out Walker's Term Is Chief City Campaign — Five Parties Vie in State — Vichert Heads Law Preservation Ticket for Drys — Socialists Fight for Many Posts. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 6, 1932. 23.
56. News: Colden, Brancato Named as Judges — Lehman Fills Bench Vacancies in Queens and Kings — No Action on Supreme Court. 27 November 2016. New York Times. January 8, 1935. 7.
57. News: Prosecutors Back Lehman on Liquor — Cooperation in Enforcement of State Control Laws Pledged by Geoghan and Walsh — Many Cases in Brooklyn — Average Is About 25 a Week in Drive to Rout Bootleggers, District Attorney Says. 27 November 2016. New York Times. January 13, 1935. 29.
58. News: Pecora Reported Lehman Choice For Justice of Supreme Court — Governor Expected to Name Member of SEC This Week to 1st District Bench — Brancato Slated for McLaughlin's Place in Kings and Colden to Be Queens County Judge. 7 December 2016. New York Times. January 6, 1935. 1.
59. News: Democrats Sweep City — Gain 13 Seats on Board of Aldermen and Win County Offices — M'Goldrick is Swamped — Rival Piles Up a Lead of 148,752 in Contest for Kings District Attorney — Hooley is Elected Judge — Scores an Easy Victory Over Johnson — Judge Colden Also Snows Rival Under. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 6, 1935. 1.
60. News: Queens District Attorney. 26 November 2016. New York Times. November 10, 1938. 24.
61. News: Vote for Justices is Generally Light — Church, Botein and Schmuck Are Re-elected to Supreme Court in 1st District. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1942. 6.
62. News: Hagerty. James A.. Hanley is Elected — Big Up-State Lead Tops Haskell in the Race for Lieutenant Governor — Wins Two Boroughs — Democrat Carries City by 320,000 — Justice Rivers a Victor. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1943. 1.
63. News: Hagerty. James A.. Minor Parties Lose — Law Condemned by Foes as Aid to Communists in Council is Killed — Rabin Defeats Lumbard — Democratic-Liberal Choice for the Bench Wins — Rains Retard Balloting. 26 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1947. 1.
64. News: Light Vote is Seen in City and State — Polls Open 6 A.M. to 7 P.M. — Police Here Are Alerted for Duty — Bars to Be Shut. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1951. 21.
65. News: Conklin. William R.. Methfessel Loses; Queens Picks Lundy — Simonson Wins in Richmond Landslide — Quinn Defeats Herz by 311 Votes. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1951. 1.
66. News: Egan. Leo. O'Connor Defeats Quinn — Loser May Ask Recount. 27 November 2016. New York Times. September 14, 1955. 1.
67. News: Egan. Leo. Democrats in City Sweep; Highways and Dam Beaten; Jersey G.O.P. Margin is Cut — O'Connor Winner — Takes Queens Contest — Republicans Retain Suburban Powe. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 9, 1955. 1.
68. News: Knowles. Clayton. School Bond Amendment Loses; City Rejects It By Large Margin; Clancy Beats Barnes in Queens — Democrats Score Sweep in Queens — O'Connor Is Easy Winner as Prosecutor — Court Slate Is Carried to Victory. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1959. 1.
69. News: Hunt. Richard P.. Off-Track Betting Endorsed, 3-1; Aldrich, O'Dwyer Win For Council; Jersey Voters Defeat Bond Issue — Vote Light Here — Cariello, O'Connor and Dollinger Elected — Amendments Pass. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 6, 1963. 1.
70. News: Lindsay Beats Beame in Close Race; O'Connor and Procaccino Both Win; State Senate is G.O.P.; Hughes Victor — Seesaw Contest — Vote Is Tightest Here in Quarter Century — 13% for Buckley. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1965. 1.
71. News: Madden. Richard L.. Hentel Appointed to O'Connor Post — Named by Rockefeller to Be Queens District Attorney — Term to Run One Year. 27 November 2016. New York Times. December 22, 1965. 33.
72. News: Knowles. Clayton. Mackell Victor in Queens Race — Hentel Loses by 50,000 in District Attorney Contest. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 9, 1966. 24.
73. News: Ronan. Thomas P.. Re-Election Won by 3 Prosecutors — Dollinger, Mackell, Braisted Score Easy Victories. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 8, 1967. 31.
74. News: Ronan. Thomas P.. Midonick Is Elected Surrogate In Manhattan, Beating Aarons. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1971. 1.
75. News: Burnham. David. Mackell Resigns In Face of Move to Force Him Out. 27 November 2016. New York Times. April 24, 1973. 1.
76. News: Burnham. David. Governor Appoints Armstrong as New Queens D.A.. 27 November 2016. New York Times. May 10, 1973. 41.
77. News: City's Five Borough Presidents, All Democrats, Are Easily Returned to Their Offices — Hogan Wins 9th Term; Gold and Ferraro Ahead. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1973. 59.
78. News: Makeup of Legislature and Breakdown of Vote in City; Courts and Local Races. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 1976. 33.
79. News: Carey Appoints Santucci as Queens District Attorney. 27 November 2016. New York Times. December 31, 1976. B9.
80. News: Schumach. Murray. Santucci Easily Defeats Nadjari For District Attorney of Queens. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 9, 1977. 31.
81. News: Totals for Vote in Elections in City, Suburbs and Nearby States. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 5, 1981.
82. News: The '85 Elections — Election Results in Voting Tuesday in City and on Long Island — Vote Totals for the Elections Held in New York and New Jersey. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 1985.
83. News: Vote Totals for the Elections Held on Tuesday in New York and New Jersey. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 9, 1989.
84. News: Fried. Joseph P.. Santucci Is Retiring as the Queens District Attorney. 27 November 2016. New York Times. May 2, 1991.
85. News: Fried. Joseph P.. Judge Is Picked to Succeed Santucci as Queens Prosecutor. 27 November 2016. New York Times. May 31, 1991. B4.
86. News: Fried. Joseph P.. Challenger Fails To Get on Ballot In Queens Race. 27 November 2016. New York Times. August 29, 1991.
87. News: Fisher. Ian. Election 1995: The Overview — Molinari Loses Race for District Attorney on Staten Island. 27 November 2016. New York Times.
88. News: Herszenhorn. David M.. The 1999 Elections: District Attorneys — 3 Democratic Incumbents Handily Rebuff Challengers. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 3, 1999.
89. News: Hicks. Jonathan P.. Staten Island District Attorney Is Re-elected in One of City's Few Contested Races. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 7, 2007.
90. News: Burns. Alexander. Michael McMahon, Ex-Congressman, Is Elected Staten Island District Attorney. 27 November 2016. New York Times. November 4, 2015. A26.
91. News: Fried . Joseph P. . Richard A. Brown, Queens District Attorney, Dies at 86 . 5 May 2019 . New York Times . May 5, 2019. A25.
92. News: Parry . Bill . Meet John Ryan, the acting Queens District Attorney taking the reins from Richard A. Brown . 5 May 2019 . QNS . Schneps Communications . March 7, 2019.
93. Web site: Denney . Andrew . John Ryan, Who Will Serve as Acting DA in Queens, Pledges to 'Keep Doing Justice' – Ryan, although he has worked as chief assistant for 22 years, said he has no intention to run for the top spot himself, nor has he had any serious desire to do so through his tenure . law.com . New York Law Journal . 5 May 2019. March 8, 2019.
94. News: Wang . Vivian . N.Y. Election Results: Voters Approve All 5 Ballot Measures . January 18, 2020 . New York Times . November 6, 2019. A23.
95. Web site: Handschuh. David. Melinda Katz Sworn In as Queens County District Attorney. law.com. New York Law Journal. January 10, 2020. January 18, 2020.