Quaderni Rossi (Italian:Red Notebooks) was an Italian political journal founded in 1961 which became one of the primary sources of autonomist Marxism.[1] The journal had a pro-Chinese stance.[2] Its first issue appeared on 30 September 1961.[3] Raniero Panzieri played a central role in founding the journal alongside Mario Tronti, Romano Alquati, Antonio (Toni) Negri, Alberto Asor Rosa, and Danilo Montaldi.[4] In August 1963, Classe Operaia, led by Tronti, broke away, leaving a group around Panzieri and Vittorio Rieser running Quaderni Rossi.[1] Following the death of Panzieri in 1964, the journal continued until 1966 but without the same impact as it had previously enjoyed.[1]